文献翻译——称重传感器

第1页外文文献资料TheweighingsensorInordertosolvetheweightproblemoftenencounteredinmeasuringthelow-massobjectsinthetradeanddailylifeofthemodernbusiness,thedesignofanewpocket-sizedelectronicscales.Thispocket-sizedelectronicscalesForceSensorgravitysignalsintoelectricalsignalstomeasure,andmeasuringtheresultsofthedigitaldisplay.Thepocket-sizedelectronicscaleswithasmallsize,lightweight,easytocarry,intuitivedisplay,measurementandhighprecision;complexstructure,thecostdisadvantages.Thisarticlefocusesontheloadcellworks,errorcompensation,themainparametersofselection.Andthetechnicalandeconomicanalysis.1AneedsanalysisInmoderncommerceandtradeandeverydaylife,oftenencountertheproblemofmeasuringtheweightofthelow-massobjects.Althoughthetraditionalsteelyardcansolvethisproblem,butinconvenienttocarry,theefficiencyisnothigh,thedisplayisnotintuitiveandlowmeasurementaccuracy;mechanicalspringbalancecansolvethisproblem,buttheinertiainherentlowfrequency,highsensitivity,measurementaccuracyisnothigh.Withtheprogressandupdateofthemicro-computertechnology,integratedcircuittechnology,sensortechnology,electronicscalesrapiddevelopment,ithasaresponsive,highaccuracy,fullyfunctional,thedisplayisintuitive,compact,easytouseandsoon.Forthesereasons,inordertosolvethelow-massobjectsweighingproblem,ifasmallsize,lightweight,portable,digitaldisplayelectronicscales,willbepopular.Discussedbelow,thatis,thescopeofaweighing5kgcompactelectronicscales.2Designtheprincipleofthestructureofthepocket-sizedelectronicscalesshowninFigure1.Themaintaskistodesigncompactelectronicscalesweighingthechoiceoftheforcesensors.Dynamometersensortypestoachievetheweighinganddigitaldisplay,thekeyistowanttoforce(gravity)signalsintoelectricalsignalstomeasuremethodismainlydividedintotwocategories:oneisthedirectmethod,namelytheuseofpressuremagneticsensor,piezoelectricsensor,第2页Piezoresistivesensorsdirectlytotheforcesignalconvertedintoelectricalsignals;theotheristheindirectmethod,theelasticelementasthesensorwillpull,pressurechangesinstrain,displacement,orfrequency,andthenstrainsensors,displacementsensors,orfrequencysensorstrain,displacementorfrequencychangesforpower.Comprehensivecomparisonofavarietyofsensors,usetheindirectmethodofstraingaugeforcetransducer.Pocket-sizedelectronicscalestructuralprinciple:SensoramplifierCPUdisplayADconverter.3Theworkingprincipleofthestraingaugeforcetransducerstraingaugepastedintoforce,force-sensitiveelasticelement,thecorrespondingstrainwhentheelasticelementforcedeformation,thestraingaugeintoaresistancechange,whichledtothevoltagemeasuringcircuitchangesbymeasuringtheoutputvoltagevalue,andthenthroughtheconversioncanbeobtainedbythemeasurementofbodyweight.Sincethepocket-sizedelectronicscalesrequiresmallsize,weighinginscope,precisionandangleevenconsistency,sensoranddisplayintegration,itisselectedparalleltothetwoholescantileverbeamstraingaugeload-bearingsensor.Itscharacteristicsare:highprecision,easeofprocessing,simpleandcompactstructure,strongresistancetopartialload,highnaturalfrequency.Straingaugechoiceofametalpalisademetalmooringpasteontheinsulatingsubstrateparkedstraingages,mechanicalstrainresistancestraingaugefeelingsgenerally10-10-2mm,theresistancerateofchangeoftheattendantabout10-610-2ordersofmagnitude,suchasmallchangeinresistancemeasuredusingthegeneralresistanceoftheinstrumentishardtomeasureout,youmustusesomeformofmeasurement.Circuitintosmallchangesinresistanceratestochangesinvoltageorcurrent,inordertosecondaryinstrumentdisplay.Bridgemeasurementcircuittomeetthisrequirement.Intheloadcell,R1,R2,R3,R4straingaugeresistorbridgemeasurementcircuitshowninFigure3.Rmisthetemperaturecompensationresistor,eistheexcitationvoltage,Vistheoutputvoltage.Theloadcellconversionmethodisdividedintophotoelectric,hydraulic,electromagneticforcetype,capacitive,magneticpoleschangetheformofvibratorygyroscopeceremony,resistancestraintype,tothemostextensiveuseofresistancestrain.ElectromagneticforcesensorItusesaload-bearingstageloadandtheprincipleofelectromagneticforceEquilibrium.Puttheloadingstage,themeasured第3页objectatoneendoftheleverupwardtilt;photoelectricdetectthetiltsignal,amplifiedintothecoil,theelectromagneticforce,sothatthelevertoreturntoequilibrium.Currentsproduceelectromagneticcounterweightdigitalconverter,youcandeterminethequalityofthemeasuredobject.Theelectromagneticforcesensoraccuracy,upto1/20001/60000,buttheweighingrangeisonlytensofmgto10kg.CapacitivesensorsItcapacitoroscillatorcircuitoftheoscillationfrequencyfandtheplatespacingdisdirectlyproportionalrelationshipbetweenthework.Therearetwoplates,onefixedandtheotheronecanmove.Bearingloadmeasuredobject,theleafspringdeflection,thedistancebetweenthetwoplateschanges,theoscillationfrequencyofthecircuitalsochanges.Themeasuredfrequencychangecanbecalculatedtothequalityoftheload-bearingstage,themeasuredobject.Capacitivesensorpowerconsumption,lowcost,accuracyof1/200to1/500.PolechangetheformofsensorFerromagnetic:componentsinthemeasuredobjectgravityundermechanicaldeformation,internalstressandcausechangesinpermeability,andalsochangessothattheinducedvoltageofthesecondarycoilwoundonbothsidesoftheferromagneticcomponent(pole).Measurethevoltagevariationcanbecalculatedaddedtotheforceonthepole,andthendeterminethequalityofthemeasuredobject.Poletochangetheformofsensoraccuracyisnothigh,usually1/100,applicabletothelargetonnageweighing,weighingrangingfromtenstotensofthousandsofkilograms.VibrationsensorTheforceoftheelasticelement,thenaturalvibrationfrequencyoftheforceisproportionaltothesquarerootof.Measurethenaturalfrequencychanges,youcanfindthemeasuredobjectroleintheelasticcomponentoftheforce,andthencalculatethequality.Thevibrationsensorvibratingwireandtuningfork.Theelasticcomponentofthevibratingwiresensorstringwire.Whentheload-bearingstage,plusthemeasuredobject,theintersectionoftheV-shapedstringwireispulleddown,andleftstringsoftensionincreases,therightstringtensiondecreases.Thenaturalfrequencyofthetwostringsofdifferentchanges.Calculatethefrequencydifferencebetweenthetwostrings,youcanfindthequalityofthemeasuredobject.Thehighertheaccuracyofthevibratingwiresensor,upto1/10001/10000,weighing100gtohundredsofkilograms,butthestructureiscomplexanddifficultprocess,andhighcost.第4页Theelasticcomponentofthetuningforksensorisatuningfork.Fixedtuningforkendofthepiezoelectricelement,thenaturalfrequencyofoscillationofatuningfork,itcanbemeasuredoscillationfrequency.Whentheload-bearingstageandthemeasuredobject,thetuningforkdirectionoftensileforcewhiletheincreaseinnaturalfrequency,increasinglevelsofappliedforceisproportionaltothesquareroot.Measurethechangesofnaturalfrequencycanbecalculatedheavyloadsimposedonthetuningforkontheforce,andthencalculatethequalityofheavyobjects.Theelasticcomponentofthetuningforksensorisatuningfork.Fixedtuningforkendofthepiezoelectricelement,thenaturalfrequencyofoscillationofatuningfork,itcanbemeasuredoscillationfrequency.Whentheload-bearingstageandthemeasuredobject,thetuningforkdirectionoftensileforcewhiletheincreaseinnaturalfrequency,increasinglevelsofappliedforceisproportionaltothesquareroot.Measurethechangesofnaturalfrequencycanbecalculatedheavyloadsimposedonthetuningforkontheforce,andthencalculatethequalityofheavyobjects.Thetuningforksensorpowerconsumption,measurementaccuracyupto1/10000to1/200000,weighingrangeof500g10kg.Withtheadvancementoftechnology,intelligentstraingaugeweighingsystemhasbeenwidelyappliedtoallwalksoflifebasedontherealizationoftheobject,accurate,quickweighing,withindustrialproductionautomationdegreeofrising,intelligentweighinginstrumenthasbecomedeviceautomationcontrolanddailylifemustlivein.IntwentiethCentury80yearsto90years,thedevelopmentofweighingsensortechnologyinChinaveryquickly,inadditiontotherapidincreaseinvarieties,thequalityoftheproductsisalsorising.Manymanufacturersarebuyingintelligenttemperaturecompensationdevice,toachievethescaleofproduction.Followedbytheweighingsensorproductionenterprisesincreasedto150,theannualoutputabouttwomillion.Largescaleenterprisesexpandfromthedomesticmarkettotheforeignmarket,startedasmallbatchofexportenterprises,theannualoutputvaluehasbeengreatlyimproved.TheforeignintelligentweighinginstrumentamplificationcircuitdesigninusingOPA227andOPA228seriesamplifiers,withlownoiseandhighprecisionandwidebandwidth,weighinginstrumentneedstocommunicatewithaprecisionDCperformancedesigns.Foreignscholarshaveappliedinthedesignofthe第5页ADG819/ADG820,whichischaracterizedbyhighprecision,lowpower,portable,batterypowered.Resistancestraintypesensorisusedtomeasurethemachinery,construction,medical,aerospaceandotherfieldsofforce,acceleration,displacementandotherparameters.Therefore,theapplicationofthesensorisveryextensive,positionisveryimportant.Withthedevelopmentofelectronics,microelectronicsandmechanicalandelectricaltechnology,themarketconstantlyemergedinaweighinginstrumentintelligent,digital,lowpowerconsumption.Theinstrumentnotonlyhastheadvantagesofsimplemanufacturingprocess,andlowcost,thus,theintelligentweighinginstrumentmarkethasbecomequitehavethevitalityandcompetitiveness.Inrecentyears,weighinginstrumentinourcountryintelligencedevelopmentisrapidder,manyfarsightedenterprisesmanufacturersproducethisproducts.Inordertomakeintelligentweighingsystem,themanufacturerhasimprovedA/Dconversionchip,therebyimprovingtheanalogsignalintodigitalsignalspeed.Resistancestrainsensorisintelligentweighingsensorcommonlyusedinstrument,itisusedtomeasurethemachinery,construction,medical,aerospaceandotherfieldsofforce,acceleration,displacementandotherparameters.Applicationofresistancestrainsensorisveryextensive,positionisveryimportant,inthecomingdecades,itisnoteasytobereplacesb.,insteadtherewillbemanyscientiststoresearchandimproveonit.Nowonthemarketofelectronicscalesandtherearealotofproblems,notallaspectsofperfection.Forexample,peopleinthesaleofgoodsintheprocessoftenencounterblackheartoftheSellerpricingofcheating,arch-criminalisofcoursetheelectronsarewell-designedsaid.So,Ithinkthroughtheirownefforts,todesignamoreperfectelectronic,bringsconveniencetopeopleslife.Weighinginstrumentgraduallyintopeopleslives,exceptinthevegetablemarket,thefruitshop,sizefactoriesuse,hasbecomeessentialitemsineveryhousehold,overweightorunderweighttendstocausecertaindiseases,sothetimingmeasuredtheirweightisverynecessary.Weighinginstrumentmustbeminiaturization,integration,energy-saving,intelligent,multi-functionaldirection.Manydomesticandforeignexpertsare第6页constantlyweighinginstrumentresearchandimprovement,tomeetpeoplesvariousreasonablerequirements,butalsotopromotethedevelopmentofthesociety.Sensortechnologyistherealizationofacomprehensiveinformationtechnologydisciplineinspectionusingavarietyoffunctionalmaterials,isoneofthebasictechnologyofmodernscienceledtheimplementationofinformatizationinthedomain.Therapiddevelopmentofmodernmeasurement,controlandautomationtechnology,especiallythedevelopmentofelectronicinformationscience,hasgreatlypromotedthedevelopmentofmodernsensor.Atthesametime,wealsosee,sensorappliedindailylifemoreandmorewidely,itcanbesaidthatithasbecomeanindispensablepartoftestmeasurement.Therefore,tostudyandlearninpracticeconstantlysensortechnologyisofgreatsignificance.Inviewofthis,thecurriculumdesignattemptstodesigntocommonlyusedsensorusedtodeepenourunderstandingofthesensorandgraduallyconvertthetheoryknowledgeoftextbooklearningintoactualproductivity,welearninordertopractiseintrainingschoolquality.Theweighingsensorisusedtoconverttheweightsignalorpressuresignaldeviceofelectricsignals,weighingsensorwithmetalresistancestraingaugemeasuringcompositionofbridge,undertheactionofthepullingforceelongationthinningusingmetalresistancewire,theprincipleofresistanceincreased,effectsofbothmetalresistancevarieswiththestrainchangesmade.Thecurriculumdesignofthesensoriscomposedofthefollowingseveralparts:thedifferentialstrainbeam,afullbridgecircuit,amplifyingcircuit,zerocircuitandfinalmagnificationcalibrationcircuit.Thecorecomponentsofstrainsensorismetalstrainplate,itcanbethespecimenstrainchangesintoresistancechanges.Whenappliedstraingageadhesivehusbandfirmlypastedonthesurfaceoftheworkpiecetobetested.Whenthespecimendeformation,sensitivegatestraingaugesalsoalongwiththedeformation,causedbythestrainsheetresistancechanges,throughthemeasuringcircuitwillconvertitintovoltagesignaloutput.Deppsstrainsensoruniquehollowstructureofcantileverbeam,whenunderthesamepressure,comparedwiththesolidcantileverbeam,itwillhavealargerdeformation,itmeansthatthehighersensitivity.Theerrorismainlyfromthetemperatureerror,thesecondistheoffset第7页voltageoftheamplifierandoffsetcurrent.Therearetwomainreasonscausingthetemperatureerror:errorresistancestraingaugewiththetemperaturechangecausedbythe1testpieces,expansioncoefficientmaterialandstrainwirematerialsofdifferentstrainsheettogenerateadditionalstretchingorcompression,inducedresistancechange.ThetemperatureerrorthatcanbecompensatedforbyBridgeRoad,suchasdifferentialinthedesignofthefullbridgecircuittoachieveagoodtemperaturecompensation,thebridgeitselfhasnonlinearerror,errorrelativetothemetalwirestraingaugebridge,nonlinearerrorscanbeignored,sodoesnotaffectthedesign.Finally,forthelowfrequencyinterference,wetrytoremovetheinterferencethroughthecircuitoptimization.Therefore,intheory,thedesignoftheerrororgetbettercontrol.Theelectronicscalehasnowbeenrecognizedbythesociety,itcancompletethemeasurementproblemofgeneralmechanicalscalecannotbeachieved,electronicscaleisaweighingsensorweightasadetectionelement,itisthechangeofweightischangedintoelectricsignalindirectproportion,soastoachievetheweightdisplayandautomaticcontrol.Itcomparedwithmechanical,hydraulic,pneumaticmethod,hasthefollowingadvantages:thestructureofasolidandcompact,nomovablepart,awiderangeofload,remoteoutput,highaccuracyandfastresponse,easytoimprovequalityandconsistency;lowcost,convenientrepair.Therefore,bothinstaticweighing(suchashopperscales)ordynamicweighing(beltweigheretc.),havebeenwidelyused.Electronicscaleisthewiderapplicationofcityshopinweighing,measuringtool.Itisthebiggestadvantageisabletoautomatically,rapidly,accuratelyweighingandpricing.Italsohasacumulativecustomerstobuygoodswithdifferentamountandotherfunctions.Inpackagingmachineryelectronicscaleisalsoalotofapplication,thedeviceismainlyusedforbulkmaterialflowmeasurementinthetransportationprocess,andobtainthetotalmassismaterialconveyingofbulkmaterialflowconversion.Anelectronicscaleandbelongstothefieldofweighing,usingHookeslaworforceoftheleverbalanceprincipletomeasurequalitytools.Electronicscaleismainlycomposedofbearingsystem(suchasthescale,thescalebody),theforcetransmissionconversionsystem(suchasaleverofforcetransmissionsystem,sensor)andindicationsystem(suchasthedial,theelectronicdisplayinstrument)iscomposedof3parts.Accordingtotheprincipleofstructurecanbedividedinto第8页mechanicalscales,electronicscales,electronicweighingapparatusthreecategories.Thepressuresignalthroughthesensorofelectronicscalewillbeanobjecttobemeasuredisconvertedintoelectronicsignalsimulation,thenamplifiedbyA/Dconverterconvertstheanalogsignaltodigitalsignal,andthenthedigitalsignalissenttotheCPUcalculationprocessing,andfinallybytheCPUistransportedtothedisplaycircuit,displaycircuitdisplaysthemeasuredresultsby.Infiltrationofthemid50selectronictechnologyhaspromotedthedevelopmentofweighingapparatusmanufacturingindustry.Theemergenceof60timeinitialstageofelectromechanicalcombinationtypeelectronicweighingapparatussince,after40yearsofcontinuousimprovementandperfection,ourcountryelectronicweighingapparatusfromtheinitialelectromechanicalcombinationtypedevelopingtoelectronicanddigitalintelligentnow.Chinaselectronicweighingtechnologyandequipmentandtestingmeansbasicallyreachedtheinternationallevelofthemid90s.Electronicweighingapparatusmanufacturingtechnologyandapplicationhasgotnewdevelopment.Electronicweighingtechnologyfromstatictodynamicweighingweighingmeteringmethodformeasuringdevelopment:fromanalogtodigitaldevelopmentmeasurement;measurementfromasingleparametermeasurementtothemultiparametermeasurementdevelopment,especiallyfortheresearchandapplicationofrapidweighinganddynamicweighing.Butoverall,Chinaselectronicweighinginstrumentproductquantityandqualitycomparedwithdevelopedcountriesthereisabiggap,themaindifferenceisthelackofadvancedtechnologyandprocess,processequipmentandtestinginstrumentageing,developmentabilityisinsufficient,productvarietyspecificationisless,thefunctionisnotcomplete,poorstabilityandreliabilityetc.Ourcountryisengagedintheelectronicscalesandweighingsensordevelopmentstartedlate.Especiallytheweighingsensorbeganin1960,atthetimemainlyimitation.Overthepasttwentyyears,thescienceandtechnologypersonnelefforts,greatprogresshasbeenmadeinthe.Thevarietyandquantityoftheweighingsensorissignificantlyincreased,qualityimprovedsignificantly,someproductshavebeenclosetotheworldadvancedlevel.Weighingdisplaycontrollerandcomputercombinationofelectronicweighinginstrumentweighingdisplaycontroller,toincreasethefunctionoftheuseofintelligentelectroniccomputer.Theelectronicweighingapparatusbasedon第9页theoriginalfunction,increasethereasoning,judgment,selfdiagnosis,adaptive,self-organizingandotherfunctions,whichisonthemarkettodaybyusingmicroelectronicweighinginstrumentweighingdisplaycontrollerandtheintelligentweighingdisplaycontrollerofelectronicweighingthefundamentaldifference.第10页中文翻译稿称重传感器为解决现代商业贸易和日常生活中经常遇到的测量小质量物体的重量问题,介绍了一种新型的袖珍式电子秤的设计。此袖珍式电子秤采用测力传感器将重力信号转换成电信号来测量,并将测量结果进行数字显示。该袖珍式电子秤具有体积小、重量轻、携带方便、显示直观、测量精度高等优点,也有结构复杂,成本高等缺点。本文主要阐述了称重传感器的工作原理、误差补偿、主要参数选择。并进行了技术经济性分析。1在现代商业贸易和日常生活中,经常遇到测量小质量物体的重量问题。传统的杆秤虽能解决这一问题,但不便携带,效率不高,显示不直观且测量精度低;机械式弹簧秤也能解决这一问题,但惯性大,固有频率低、灵敏度不高,测量精度也不高。随着微计算机技术、集成电路技术、传感器技术的进步及更新,电子秤获得了迅猛的发展,它具有反应灵敏、准确度高、功能齐全、显示直观、结构紧凑、使用方便等特点。由于以上原因,为解决小质量的物体的称重问题,若能有一种体积小、重量轻、便于携带、可数字显示的电子秤,将会广受欢迎。下面所讨论的即是一种称重范围为05kg的袖珍电子秤的设计问题。2设计袖珍电子秤的主要任务是称重的测力传感器的选择。能实现测力的传感器种类很多,要实现称重及数显,关键是要把力(重力)信号转换成电信号来测量,其方法主要分为2类:一类是直接法,即利用压磁式传感器、压电式传感器、压阻式传感器直接将力信号转换成电信号;另一类是间接法,即以弹性元件作为敏感器,将拉、压力转变为应变、位移或频率,再用应变传感器、位移传感器或频率传感器把应变、位移或频率转变为电量。综合比较各种传感器的情况,在此选用间接法的应变式力传感器。袖珍电子秤结构原理：传感器放大器转换器CPU显示器。3工作原理:应变式力传感器的工作原理是将应变片粘贴到受力的力敏型弹性元件上,当弹性元件受力产生变形时,应变片产生相应的应变,转化成电阻变化,从而引起测量电路的电压变化,通过测量输出电压的数值,再通过换算即可得到所测量物体