文献翻译——基于DC-DC隔离电源模块

第1页外文文献资料BasedonDC-DCisolatedpowermodules1.IntroductionWiththerapiddevelopmentofpowerelectronicstechnology,powerelectronicsequipmentandpeopleswork,therelationshipoflifebecomeincreasinglyclose,andelectronicequipmentwithoutreliablepower,intothe1980s,computerpowerandthefullrealizationoftheswitchingpowersupply,thefirsttocompletethecomputerPowernewgenerationtoentertheswitchingpowersupplyinthe1990shaveenteredintoavarietyofelectronic,electricaldevices,program-controlledswitchboards,communications,electronictestingequipmentpowercontrolequipment,powersupply,etc.havebeenwidelyusedinswitchingpowersupply,butalsotopromotetherapiddevelopmentoftheswitchingpowersupplytechnology.Switchingpowersupplyistheuseofmodernpowerelectronicstechnologytocontroltheratiooftheswitchingtransistortoturnonandofftomaintainastableoutputvoltagepowersupply,switchingpowersupplyisgenerallycontrolledbypulsewidthmodulation(PWM)ICsandswitchingdevices(MOSFET,BJT)composition.Switchingpowersupplyandlinearpowercomparedtoboththecostandgrowthwiththeincreaseofoutputpower,butthetwodifferentgrowthrates.Apowerpoint,linearpowersupplycosts,buthigherthantheswitchingpowersupply.Withthedevelopmentofpowerelectronicstechnologyandinnovation,makingtheswitchingpowersupplytechnologytocontinuetoinnovate,theturningpointsofthiscostisincreasinglymovetothelowoutputpowerside,theswitchingpowersupplyprovidesabroadspacefordevelopment.Thedirectionofitsdevelopmentisthehigh-frequencyswitchingpowersupply,highfrequencyswitchingpowersupplyminiaturization,andswitchingpowersupplyintoawiderrangeofapplicationareas,especiallyinhigh-tech第2页fields,andpromotetheminiaturizationofhigh-techproducts,lightof.Inaddition,thedevelopmentandapplicationoftheswitchingpowersupplyintermsofenergyconservation,resourceconservationandenvironmentalprotectionareofgreatsignificance.2.classificationModernswitchingpowersupply,therearetwo:oneistheDCswitchingpowersupply;theotheristheACswitchingpowersupply.IntroducesonlyDCswitchingpowersupplyanditsfunctionispoorpowerqualityoftheoriginaleco-power(coarse)-suchasmainspowerorbatterypower,convertedtomeettheequipmentrequirementsofhigh-qualityDCvoltage(Varitronix).ThecoreoftheDCswitchingpowersupplyDC/DCconverter.DCswitchingpowersupplyclassificationisdependentontheclassificationofDC/DCconverter.Inotherwords,theclassificationoftheclassificationoftheDCswitchingpowersupplyandDC/DCconverteristheclassificationofessentiallythesame,theDC/DCconverterisbasicallyaclassificationoftheDCswitchingpowersupply.DC/DCconverterbetweentheinputandoutputelectricalisolationcanbedividedintotwocategories:oneisisolatedcalledisolatedDC/DCconverter;theotherisnotisolatedasnon-isolatedDC/DCconverter.IsolatedDC/DCconvertercanalsobeclassifiedbythenumberofactivepowerdevices.ThesingletubeofDC/DCconverterForward(Forward),Feedback(Feedback)two.Thedouble-barreleddouble-barreledDC/DCconverterForward(DoubleTransistorForwardConverter),twin-tubefeedback(DoubleTransistorFeedbackConverter),Push-Pull(PushthePullConverter)andhalf-bridge(Half-BridgeConverter)four.FourDC/DCconverteristhefull-bridgeDC/DCconverter(Full-BridgeConverter).Non-isolatedDC/DCconverter,accordingtothenumberofactivepowerdevicescanbedividedintosingle-tube,doublepipe,andfourthreecategories.SingletubetoatotalofsixoftheDC/DCconverter,step-down(Buck)DC/DCconverter,step-up(Boost)DC/DCconverters,DC/DCconverter,boostbuck(BuckBoost)deviceofCuktheDC/DCconverter,theZetaDC/DCconverterandSEPIC,theDC/DCconverter.DC/DCconverters,theBuckandBoosttypeDC/DCconverteristhebasicbuck-boostofCuk,第3页Zeta,SEPIC,typeDC/DCconverterisderivedfromasingletubeinthissix.Thetwin-tubecascadeddouble-barreledboost(buck-boost)DC/DCconverterDC/DCconverter.FourDC/DCconverterisused,thefull-bridgeDC/DCconverter(Full-BridgeConverter).IsolatedDC/DCconverterinputandoutputelectricalisolationisusuallytransformertoachievethefunctionofthetransformerhasatransformer,soconducivetotheexpansionoftheconverteroutputrangeofapplications,butalsoeasytoachievedifferentvoltageoutput,oravarietyofthesamevoltageoutput.Powerswitchvoltageandcurrentrating,theconvertersoutputpowerisusuallyproportionaltothenumberofswitch.Themorethenumberofswitch,thegreatertheoutputpoweroftheDC/DCconverter,fourtypethanthetwooutputpoweristwiceaslarge,single-tubeoutputpowerofonlyfour1/4.Acombinationofnon-isolatedconvertersandisolatedconverterscanbeasingleconverterdoesnothavetheirowncharacteristics.Energytransmissionpoints,one-waytransmissionandtwo-waytransmissionoftwoDC/DCconverter.DC/DCconverterwithbi-directionaltransmissionfunction,eithersideofthetransmissionpowerfromthepoweroflateralloadpowerfromtheload-lateralsideofthetransmissionpower.DC/DCconvertercanbedividedintoself-excitedandseparatelycontrolled.Withthepositivefeedbacksignalconvertertoswitchtoself-sustainingperiodicswitchingconverter,calledself-excitedconverter,suchasthetheLuoYeer(Royer,)converterisatypicalpush-pullself-oscillatingconverter.ControlledDC/DCconverterswitchingdevicecontrolsignalisgeneratedbyspecializedexternalcontrolcircuit.3.theswitchingpowersupply.Peopleinthefieldofswitchingpowersupplytechnologysideofthedevelopmentofpowerelectronicdevices,whilethedevelopmentoftheswitchinginvertertechnology,thetwopromoteeachothertopromotetheswitchingpowersupplyannualgrowthrateofmorethantwodigitstowardthelight,small,thin,low-noise,highreliability,thedirectionofdevelopmentofanti-jamming.SwitchingpowersupplycanbedividedintoAC/DCandDC/DCtwocategories,AC/ACDC/AC,suchasinverters,DC/DCconverteris第4页nowmodulardesigntechnologyandproductionprocessesathomeandabroadhavealreadymaturedandstandardization,andhasbeenrecognizedbytheuser,butAC/DCmodular,itsowncharacteristicsmakethemodularprocess,encountermorecomplextechnologyandmanufacturingprocess.Hereinaftertoillustratethestructureandcharacteristicsofthetwotypesofswitchingpowersupply.Self-excited:noexternalsignalsourcecanbeself-oscillation,completelyself-excitedtoseeitasfeedbackoscillationcircuitofatransformer.Separateexcitation:entirelydependentonexternalsustainoscillations,excitedusedwidelyinpracticalapplications.Accordingtotheexcitationsignalstructureclassification;canbedividedintopulse-width-modulatedandpulseamplitudemodulatedtwopulsewidthmodulatedcontrolthewidthofthesignalisfrequency,pulseamplitudemodulationcontrolsignalamplitudebetweenthesameeffectaretheoscillationfrequencytomaintainwithinacertainrangetoachievetheeffectofvoltagestability.Thewindingofthetransformercangenerallybedividedintothreetypes,onegroupisinvolvedintheoscillationoftheprimarywinding,agroupofsustainedoscillationsinthefeedbackwinding,thereisagroupofloadwinding.SuchasShanghaiisusedinhouseholdappliancesarttechnologicalproductionofswitchingpowersupply,220VACbridgerectifier,changingtoabout300VDCfilteraddedtothecollectoroftheswitchintothetransformerforhighfrequencyoscillation,thefeedbackwindingfeedbacktothebasetomaintainthecircuitoscillatingloadwindinginductionsignal,theDCvoltagebytherectifier,filter,regulatortoprovidepowertotheload.Loadwindingtoprovidepoweratthesametime,takeuptheabilitytovoltagestability,theprincipleisthevoltageoutputcircuitconnectedtoavoltagesamplingdevicetomonitortheoutputvoltagechanges,andtimelyfeedbacktotheoscillatorcircuittoadjusttheoscillationfrequency,soastoachievestablevoltagepurposes,inordertoavoidtheinterferenceofthecircuit,thefeedbackvoltagebacktotheoscillatorcircuitwithoptocouplerisolation.4.technologydevelopments第5页Thehigh-frequencyswitchingpowersupplyisthedirectionofitsdevelopment,high-frequencyswitchingpowersupplyminiaturization,andswitchingpowersupplyintothebroaderfieldofapplication,especiallyinhigh-techfields,andpromotethedevelopmentandadvancementoftheswitchingpowersupply,anannualmorethantwo-digitgrowthratetowardthelight,small,thin,lownoise,highreliability,thedirectionoftheanti-jamming.SwitchingpowersupplycanbedividedintoAC/DCandDC/DCtwocategories,theDC/DCconverterisnowmodulardesigntechnologyandproductionprocessesathomeandabroadhavealreadymaturedandstandardized,andhasbeenrecognizedbytheuser,butmodularAC/DC,becauseofitsowncharacteristicsmakesthemodularprocess,encountermorecomplextechnologyandmanufacturingprocess.Inaddition,thedevelopmentandapplicationoftheswitchingpowersupplyintermsofenergyconservation,resourceconservationandenvironmentalprotectionareofgreatsignificance.Theswitchingpowersupplyapplicationsinpowerelectronicdevicesasdiodes,IGBTandMOSFET.SCRswitchingpowersupplyinputrectifiercircuitandsoftstartcircuit,asmallamountofapplications,theGTRdrivedifficult,lowswitchingfrequency,graduallyreplacetheIGBTandMOSFET.Directionofdevelopmentoftheswitchingpowersupplyisahigh-frequency,highreliability,lowpower,lownoise,jammingandmodular.Small,thin,andthekeytechnologyisthehighfrequencyswitchingpowersupplylight,soforeignmajorswitchingpowersupplymanufacturershavecommittedtosynchronizethedevelopmentofnewintelligentcomponents,inparticular,istoimprovethesecondaryrectifierloss,andthepowerofironOxygenmaterialstoincreasescientificandtechnologicalinnovationinordertoimprovethemagneticpropertiesofhighfrequencyandlargemagneticfluxdensity(Bs),andcapacitorminiaturizationisakeytechnology.SMTtechnologyallowstheswitchingpowersupplyhasmadeconsiderableprogress,thearrangementofthecomponentsinthecircuitboardonbothsides,toensurethatthelightoftheswitchingpowersupply,asmall,thin.High-frequencyswitchingpowersupplyisboundtothetraditionalPWMswitchingtechnologyinnovation,realizationofZVS,ZCSsoft-switchingtechnologyhas第6页becomethemainstreamtechnologyoftheswitchingpowersupply,andasubstantialincreaseintheefficiencyoftheswitchingpowersupply.Indicatorsforhighreliability,switchingpowersupplymanufacturersintheUnitedStatesbyreducingtheoperatingcurrent,reducingthejunctiontemperatureandothermeasurestoreducethestressofthedevice,greatlyimprovethereliabilityofproducts.Modularityistheoveralltrendofswitchingpowersupply,distributedpowersystemscanbecomposedofmodularpowersupply,canbedesignedtoN+1redundantpowersystem,andtheparallelcapacityexpansion.Forthisshortcomingoftheswitchingpowersupplyrunningnoise,separatethepursuitofhighfrequencynoisewillalsoincrease,whiletheuseofpartoftheresonantconvertercircuittechnologytoachievehighfrequency,intheory,butalsoreducenoise,butsomeThepracticalapplicationoftheresonantconvertertechnology,therearestilltechnicalproblems,itisstillalotofworkinthisfield,sothatthetechnologytobepractical.Powerelectronicstechnologyinnovation,switchingpowersupplyindustryhasbroadprospectsfordevelopment.ToacceleratethepaceofdevelopmentoftheswitchingpowersupplyindustryinChina,itmusttaketheroadoftechnologicalinnovation,outofjointproductionandresearchdevelopmentpathwithChinesecharacteristicsandcontributetotherapiddevelopmentofChinasnationaleconomy.Developmentsandtrendsoftheswitchingpowersupply1955U.S.Royer(Roger)inventedtheself-oscillatingpush-pulltransistorsingle-transformerDC-DCconverteristhebeginningofthehigh-frequencyconversioncontrolcircuit1957checkraceJen,Sen,inventedaself-oscillatingpush-pulldualtransformers,1964,U.S.scientistscanceledfrequencytransformerinseriestheideaofswitchingpowersupply,thepowersupplytothesizeandweightofthedeclineinafundamentalway.1969increasedduetothepressureofthehigh-powersilicontransistor,diodereverserecoverytimeshortenedandothercomponentstoimprove,andfinallymadea25-kHzswitchingpowersupply.Atpresent,theswitchingpowersupplytothesmall,lightweightandhighefficiencycharacteristicsarewidelyusedinavarietyofcomputer-oriented第7页terminalequipment,communicationsequipment,etc.Almostallelectronicequipmentisindispensableforarapiddevelopmentoftodayselectronicinformationindustrypowermode.Bipolartransistormadeof100kHz,500kHzpowerMOS-FETmade,thoughalreadythepracticalswitchingpowersupplyiscurrentlyavailableonthemarket,butitsfrequencytobefurtherimproved.Toimprovetheswitchingfrequency,itisnecessarytoreducetheswitchinglosses,andtoreducetheswitchinglosses,theneedforhigh-speedswitchcomponents.However,theswitchingspeedwillbeaffectedbythedistributionofthechargestoredintheinductanceandcapacitance,ordiodecircuittoproduceasurgeornoise.Thiswillnotonlyaffectthesurroundingelectronicequipment,butalsogreatlyreducethereliabilityofthepowersupplyitself.Which,inordertopreventtheswitchingKai-closedthevoltagesurge,RCorLCbufferscanbeused,andthecurrentsurgecanbecausedbythediodestoredchargeofamorphousandothercoremadeofmagneticbuffer.However,thehighfrequencymorethan1MHz,theresonantcircuittomaketheswitchonthevoltageorcurrentthroughtheswitchwasasinewave,whichcanreduceswitchinglosses,butalsotocontroltheoccurrenceofsurges.Thisswitchiscalledtheresonantswitch.Ofthisswitchingpowersupplyisactive,youcan,intheory,becauseinthiswaydonotneedtogreatlyimprovetheswitchingspeedoftheswitchinglossesreducedtozero,andthenoiseisexpectedtobecomeoneofthehigh-frequencyswitchingpowersupplyThemainways.Atpresent,manycountriesintheworldarecommittedtoseveraltrillionHzconverterutility.5.theprincipleofIntroductionTheswitchingpowersupplyoftheprocessisquiteeasytounderstand,linearpowersupplies,powertransistorsoperatinginthelinearmodeandlinearpower,thePWMswitchingpowersupplytothepowertransistorturnsonandoffstate,inbothstates,onthepowertransistorV-securityproductisverysmall(conduction,lowvoltage,largecurrent;shutdown,voltage,current)Voltammetricproduct/powerdeviceispowersemiconductordevicesontheloss.Comparedwiththelinearpowersupply,thePWMswitchingpowersupplymoreefficientprocessisachievedbychopping,thatiscutintothe第8页amplitudeoftheinputDCvoltageequaltotheinputvoltageamplitudeofthepulsevoltage.Thepulsedutycycleisadjustedbytheswitchingpowersupplycontroller.OncetheinputvoltageiscutintotheACsquarewave,itsamplitudethroughthetransformertoraiseorlower.Numberofgroupsofoutputvoltagecanbeincreasedbyincreasingthenumberofprimaryandsecondarywindingsofthetransformer.AfterthelastACwaveformaftertherectifierfiltertheDCoutputvoltage.Themainpurposeofthecontrolleristomaintainthestabilityoftheoutputvoltage,thecourseoftheirworkisverysimilartothelinearformofthecontroller.Thatisthefunctionblocksofthecontroller,thevoltagereferenceanderroramplifiercanbedesignedthesameasthelinearregulator.Theirdifferenceliesintheerroramplifieroutput(errorvoltage)inthedrivebeforethepowertubetogothroughavoltage/pulse-widthconversionunit.SwitchingpowersupplyTherearetwomainwaysofworking:Forwardtransformandboosttransformation.Althoughtheyareallpartofthelayoutdifferenceissmall,butthecourseoftheirworkvarygreatly,haveadvantagesinspecificapplications.6.thecircuitschematicTheso-calledswitchingpowersupply,asthenameimplies,isadoor,adoorpowerthroughaclosedpowertostopby,thenwhatisthedoor,theswitchingpowersupplyusingSCR,someswitch,thesetwocomponentperformanceissimilar,arerelyingonthebaseswitchcontrolpole(SCR),coupledwiththepulsesignaltocompletetheonandoff,thepulsesignalishalfattentivetocontrolthepolevoltageincreases,theswitchortransistorconduction,thefilteroutputvoltageof300V,220Vrectifierconduction,transmittedthroughtheswitchingtransformersecondarythroughthetransformertothevoltageincreaseordecreaseforeachcircuitwork.Oscillationpulseofnegativesemi-attentivetothepowerregulator,base,orSCRcontrolvoltagelowerthantheoriginalsetvoltagepowerregulatorcut-off,300Vpowerisoff,switchthetransformersecondarynovoltage,theneachcircuitTherequiredoperatingvoltage,dependsonthissecondaryroadrectifierfiltercapacitordischargetomaintain.Repeattheprocessuntil第9页thenextpulsecycleisahalfweekswhenthesignalarrival.Thisswitchtransformeriscalledthehigh-frequencytransformer,becausetheoperatingfrequencyishigherthanthe50HZlowfrequency.ThenpromotethepulseoftheswitchorSCR,whichrequirestheoscillatorcircuit,weknow,thetransistorhasacharacteristic,isthebase-emittervoltageis0.65-0.7Visthezoomstate,0.7VThesearethesaturatedhydraulicconductivitystate-0.1V-0.3Vintheoscillatorystate,thentheoperatingpointafteragoodtune,torelyonthedeepnegativefeedbacktogenerateanegativepressure,sothattheoscillatingtubeonset,thefrequencyoftheoscillatingtubecapacitorcharginganddischargingofthelengthoftimefromthebasetodeterminetheoscillationfrequencyoftheoutputpulseamplitude,andviceversaonthesmall,whichdeterminesthesizeoftheoutputvoltageofthepowerregulator.Transformersecondaryoutputvoltageregulator,usuallyswitchingtransformer,singlearoundasetofcoils,thevoltageatitsupperend,asthereferencevoltageaftertherectifierfilter,thenthroughtheoptocoupler,thisbenchmarkvoltagereturntothebaseoftheoscillatingtubepoletoadjusttheleveloftheoscillationfrequency,ifthetransformersecondaryvoltageisincreased,thesamplingcoiloutputvoltageincreases,thepositivefeedbackvoltageobtainedthroughtheoptocouplerisalsoincreased,thisvoltageisappliedoscillatingtubebase,sothatoscillationfrequencyisreduced,playedastablesecondaryoutputvoltagestability,toosmalldonothavetogointodetail,noritisnecessarytounderstandthefine,suchahigh-powervoltagetransformerbyswitchingtransmission,separatedandaftertheclassreturnedbysamplingthevoltagefromtheopto-couplerpassseparatedafterclass,sobeforethemainsvoltage,andaftertheclassseparation,whichiscalledcoldplate,itissafe,transformersbeforepowerisindependent,whichiscalledswitchingpowersupply.7.theDC/DCconversionDC/DCconverterisafixedDCvoltagetransformationintoavariableDCvoltage,alsoknownastheDCchopper.Therearetwowaysofworkingchopper,oneTsconstantpulsewidthmodulationmode,changetheton(General),thesecondisthefrequencymodulation,thesametontochangetheTs,(easyto第10页produceinterference).Circuitbythefollowingcategories:Buckcircuit-thestep-downchopper,theaverageoutputvoltageU0islessthantheinputvoltageUi,thesamepolarity.BoostCircuit-step-upchopper,theaverageoutputvoltageswitchingpowersupplyschematicU0isgreaterthantheinputvoltageUi,thesamepolarity.Buck-Boostcircuit-buckorboostchopper,theoutputaveragevoltageU0isgreaterthanorlessthantheinputvoltageUi,theoppositepolarity,theinductancetransmission.Cukcircuit-abuckorboostchopper,theoutputaveragevoltageU0isgreaterthanorlessthantheinputvoltageUi,theoppositepolarity,capacitancetransmission.Theabove-mentionednon-isolatedcircuit,theisolationcircuitforwardcircuits,feedbackcircuit,thehalf-bridgecircuit,thefullbridgecircuit,push-pullcircuit.Todayssoft-switchingtechnologymakesaqualitativeleapintheDC/DCtheU.S.VICORcompanydesignandmanufactureavarietyof