unit7 The_Fearful_Superpower_课件.doc

The Fearful Superpower (study points)1. hyper- (TOO MUCH) prefixhaving too much of the stated quality:hyperactivehypercriticalhypersensitive hypertension2. alienate (NOT WELCOME) verb T to make someone feel that they are different and do not belong to a group: 使.疏远,离间/ Disagreements can alienate teenagers from their families./ The Prime Ministers policy alienated many of her followers. 首相的政策使很多拥护她的人疏远了她./. The numbing labor tended to alienate workers. 枯燥的工作可以使工人变得麻木/Depressed people frequently feel a sense of alienation from those around them.3. marked a marked man嫌疑分子; 累犯; 名声不好的人; 有异常才能的人She is a woman of marked intelligence. 她是一个很聪明的女人。He showed a marked lack of interest.他表现出明显的兴趣不足。4. refrain a phrase that is often repeated; repeated utterance:Every vote counts is a familiar refrain in politics.5. substance:a plan without substance空洞的计划Air has little substance.空气的密度很小(density)a person of substance.富有的人(wealth)sacrifice the substance for the shadow只图虚名不求实效;舍本逐末6. puissance power; strength,势,权力7. maneuver: to shift ground; change tactics转换阵地；改变战术：The opposition had no room in which to maneuver. 对手没有回旋的余地了8. lash out (ATTACK) phrasal verbto suddenly attack someone or something physically or criticize them in an angry way:/I was only teasing him and suddenly he lashed out (at me) and hit me in the face./Whys Tina in such a bad mood? She really lashed out at me when I was late for work./He lashed out at the oppositions policies.9. fall over yourself to do something to be very eager to do something, especially something you do not usually do: /People were falling over themselves to help her./ People were falling over themselves to be introduced to the visiting film star. 人们千方百计地想把自己介绍给到访的影星。/ The big firms were falling over themselves for the services of this brilliant young scientist. 那些大公司竞相争取这位卓越的青年科学家为他们服务10. paint to describe someone or something in a particular way paint somebody/something as something / Shes often been painted as a tough businesswoman.paint a grim/rosy/gloomy picture of somebody/something /Dickens painted a grim picture of Victorian life./The article painted him in a bad light (=described him in a way that made him seem bad).8.FearmongerOne who spreads the idealogy of fear through propaganda to fulfill a concealed agenda. Similar to a terrorist, but it fights with information and not direct violence. Politicians, media personas, and internet posters can all be fearmongers. 散布恐惧心理者George W. Bush is accused for being a fearmonger for the use of scare tactics during the 2004 election. Fear mongering (or scaremongering) is the use of fear to leverage the opinions and actions of others towards some end. The object of fear is exaggerated; those the fear is directed toward are kept aware of it on a constant basis. Uses in politics Fear mongering is often used in a time of war as a political tactic to frighten citizens and influence their political views. Fear mongering in the United States surfaced most prominently during the era of McCarthyism, when the nation first faced the threat of nuclear attack. Since then politicians and pundits alike have realized and utilized the powerful influential impact that fear can have on American voters. Fear of terrorism born from the September 11th attacks has been arguably exploited by incumbent politicians to maintain their control of the U.S. House of Representatives, Senate, and Executive branch of the government.11. hysteriaa. extreme excitement that makes people cry, laugh, shout etc in a way that is out of control: /In a fit of hysteria, Silvia blamed me for causing her fathers death.b. a situation in which a lot of people feel fear, anger, or excitement, which makes them behave in an unreasonable way: /Since the Generals death, the population has been gripped by mass hysteria.c. medicalMI a medical condition which upsets someones emotions and makes them suddenly feel very nervous, excited, anxious etc10. Rudy GiulianiAs Mayor of New York City during the September 11, 2001 attacks, Rudy Giuliani played a key role in the response to the terrorist attack against the World Trade Center Towers in New York City. For this he earned great praise at the time, but he has also been the subject of heavy criticism regarding preparedness before the attack and aspects of the response afterwards.Giuliani ran for the Republican Party nomination in the 2008 United States presidential election. After leading in national polls for much of 2007, his candidacy faltered late in that year and he did poorly in the early caucuses and primaries in 2008. He withdrew from the race on January 30, 2008 and endorsed John McCain.11. mantra noun C 颂歌, 咒语1 (especially in Hinduism and Buddhism) a word or sound which is believed to possess a special spiritual power:A personal mantra is sometimes repeated as an aid to meditation or prayer.2 a word or phrase which is often repeated and which sometimes expresses a belief:The crowds chanted that familiar football mantra: Here we go, here we go, here we go.12. Mitt Romney美国共和党总统参选人、前麻萨诸塞州州长罗姆尼.美国时间2月7日下午在华盛顿举行的“保守政治行动会议”上宣布，为了共和党的团结，他决定中止参选总统。Mr Romney was perhaps the only candidate who took positions pleasing all thefactions of the conservative base. For security types, he promised to stay in Iraq and said that he would double the size of the prison at Guantnamo Bay. For economic conservatives, he talked of tax cuts and touted his success as a businessman (in contrast to his chief rival, John McCain). And he told social conservatives that he was against gay marriage and abortion. What was the “Reagan coalition” not to like about the man?13. Guantnamo Bay 关塔那摩湾(西班牙语:Baha de Guantnamo;英语:Guantanamo Bay,还简写为GTMO或Gitmo)位于古巴东南端关塔那摩省。北纬19.54度,西经75.9度。湾中有一所美国海军基地,占地116平方千米,以作为美军的拘留营而著名.14. Senator John McCain (R-AZ) Republicancandidate for President of the United States15. cavalier adj. not caring or thinking about other peoples feelings - n.a supporter of the king in the English Civil War in the 1640s 骑士,武士16. sit back (WAITING) phrasal verb INFORMALto wait for something to happen without making any effort to do anything yourself: 不采取行动You cant just sit back and wait for job offers to come to you.17. ramp sth up phrasal verb a.M If a business ramps up its activity, it increases it:The company announced plans to ramp up production to 10 000 units per month.To stay competitive, theyll have to ramp up product development as well as cutting prices.b. to increase the speed, power or cost of something:Announcement of the merger is expected to ramp up share prices over the next few days.Mitsubishi has ramped up the speed of its new micro-controllers.18. portfolio a. a large thin case used for carrying drawings, documents, etc.b. a collection of drawings, documents, etc. that represent a persons, especially an artists, work:Shes trying to build up a portfolio of work to show during job interviews.Investment portfolio 投资组合Portfolio manager 投资组合经理Product portfolio 产品系列/组合Equity portfolio 资产组合The context in how portfolio is used here in a figurative (not literal) manner indicates a country with all the tools/infrastructure to define super power status. The author here has constructed a metaphoric sentence with that Portfolio reference .19. dispose verb FORMALdispose sb to/towards sb/sth to make someone feel a particular way towards someone or something:His rudeness when we first met didnt dispose me very kindly to/towards him.disposed adjective FORMAL1 be disposed to do sth to be willing or likely to do something:+ to infinitive After all the trouble she put me to, I didnt feel disposed to (= I did not want to) help her.2 be well / favourably disposed to/towards sth/sb to like or approve of something or someone: 对有好感She seems favourably disposed towards the idea.20. put sth in(to) perspectiveto compare something to other things so that it can be accurately and fairly judged全面的看待事物: / We must learn to put things into their right perspective. 我们必须学会正确全面地观察事物。Total investments for this year reached 53 million, and, to put this into perspective, investments this year were double those made in 2001. /The figures have to be put into perspective21. behold transitive to see or to look at something - sometimes used humorously be a sight/joy/pleasure etc to behold /The beauty of the garden was a pleasure to behold.Beauty is in the eye of the beholder.22. dislocate verb T a to force a bone suddenly out of its correct position:She dislocated her knee falling down some steps.b to have a negative effect on the working of somethingWhat he said dislocated her mind.他的话使她心烦意乱。dislocated adjectivea dislocated shoulderdislocation noun C or USnow has caused serious dislocation of/to train services.23. global capitalism is defined as profit making in global markets http:/www.sociology.su.se/publikationer/wps/wps7.pdf 24. Anti-capitalism describes a wide variety of movements, ideas, and attitudes which oppose capitalism. Some of these oppose each other more than they oppose capitalism. Anti-capitalists, in the strict sense of the word, are those who wish to completely replace capitalism with another system; however, there are also ideas which can be characterized as partially anti-capitalist in the sense that they only wish to replace or abolish certain aspects of capitalism rather than the entire system. Notable anti-capitalist ideologies, viewpoints, and trends Socialism Anarchism Ecofeminism (生态女性主义) Fascism Other aspects 25. exacerbate verb T ekss(:)beit to make something which is already bad worse:This attack will exacerbate the already tense relations between the two communities.Her mothers interference exacerbated the difficulties in their marriage. 她母亲从中干预使他们的婚姻雪上加霜.26. fault line - (geology) line determined by the intersection of a geological fault and the earths surface地陷带27. arable adjectivedescribes farming and farm land that is used for, or is suitable for, growing crops:arable farming/farmers/farms/land28. turn off (sth) (ROAD) phrasal verbto leave the road you are travelling on and travel along another one:Turn of