外文翻译-JSP 和SQL Server 2000相关介绍

1外文原文TheintroduceofJSPandSQLServer2000JSP(JavaServerPages)isinitiatedbySunMicrosystems,Inc.,withmanycompaniestoparticipateintheestablishmentofadynamicwebpagetechnicalstandards.JSPtechnologysomewhatsimilartoASPtechnology,itisinthetraditionalHTMLwebpagedocument(*.htm,*.html)toinserttheJavaprogrammingparagraph(Scriptlet)andJSPtag(tag),thusJSPdocuments(*.jsp).UsingJSPdevelopmentoftheWebapplicationiscross-platformthatcanrunonLinux,isalsoavailableforotheroperatingsystems.JSPtechnologytousetheJavaprogramminglanguagepreparedbythecategoryofXMLtagsandscriptlets,toproducedynamicpagespackageprocessinglogic.Pagealsovisitbytagsandscriptletsexistintheservicessideoftheresourcesoflogic.JSPpagelogicandwebpagedesignanddisplayseparation,supportreusablecomponent-baseddesign,Web-basedapplicationdevelopmentisrapidandeasy.WebserverinthefaceofvisitsJSPpagerequest,thefirstimplementationoftheproceduresof,andthentogetherwiththeresultsoftheimplementationofJSPdocumentsinHTMLcodewiththereturntothecustomer.InserttheJavaprogrammingoperationofthedatabasecanbere-orientedwebsites,inordertoachievetheestablishmentofdynamicpagesneededtofunction.JSPandJavaServlet,isintheimplementationoftheserver,usuallyreturnedtotheclientisanHTMLtext,aslongastheclientbrowserwillbeabletovisit.JSP1.0specificationofthefinalversionislaunchedinSeptember1999,Decemberhasintroduced1.1specifications.AtpresentrelativelynewisJSP1.2norms,JSP2.0normsofthedrafthasalsobeenintroduced.JSPpagesfromHTMLcodeandJavacodeembeddedinoneofthecomponents.TheserverwasinthepagesofclientrequestsaftertheJavacodeandthenwillgeneratetheHTMLpagestoreturntotheclientbrowser.JavaServletJSPisthetechnicalfoundationandlarge-scaleWebapplicationdevelopmentneedsofJavaServletandJSPsupporttocomplete.JSPwiththeJavatechnologyeasytouse,fullyobject-oriented,anda2platform-independentandsecure,mainlyforallthecharacteristicsoftheInternet.JSPtechnologystrength(1)timetoprepare,runeverywhere.AtthispointJavabetterthanPHP,inadditiontosystems,thecodenottomakeanychanges.(2)themulti-platformsupport.Basicallyonallplatformsofanydevelopmentenvironment,inanyenvironmentfordeploymentinanyenvironmentintheexpansion.ComparedASP/PHPlimitationsareobvious.(3)astrongscalability.FromonlyasmallJardocumentscanrunServlet/JSP,tothemultipleserversclusteringandloadbalancing,tomultipleApplicationfortransactionprocessing,informationprocessing,aservertonumerousservers,JavashowsatremendousVitality.(4)diversificationandpowerfuldevelopmenttoolssupport.ThisissimilartotheASP,Javaalreadyhavemanyverygooddevelopmenttools,andmanycanbefree,andmanyofthemhavebeenabletorunonavarietyofplatformsunder.JSPtechnologyvulnerable(1)andthesameASP,Javaistheadvantageofsomeofitsfatalproblem.Itispreciselybecauseinordertocross-platformfunctionality,inordertoextremestretchingcapacity,greatlyincreasingthecomplexityoftheproduct.(2)Javasspeedisclasstocompletethepermanentmemory,soinsomecasesbytheuseofmemorycomparedtothenumberofusersisindeedaminimumcostperformance.Ontheotherhand,italsoneedsdiskspacetostoreaseriesof.Javadocumentsand.Class,aswellasthecorrespondingversionsofdocuments.JSPsixbuilt-inobjects:request,response,out,session,application,config,pagecontext,page,exception.1.Requestfor:Theobjectofthepackageofinformationsubmittedbyusers,bycallingtheobjectcorrespondingwaytoaccesstheinformationpackage,namelytheuseofthetargetuserscanaccesstheinformation.2.Responseobject:3Thecustomersrequestdynamicresponsetotheclientsentthedata.三.sessionobject1.Whatisthesession:sessionobjectisabuilt-inobjectsJSP,itinthefirstJSPpagesloadedautomaticallycreate,completetheconversationofmanagement.Fromacustomertoopenabrowserandconnecttotheserver,toclosethebrowser,leavingtheendofthisserver,knownasaconversation.Whenacustomervisitsaserver,theservermaybeafewpageslinkbetweenrepeatedly,repeatedlyrefreshapage,theservershouldbethroughsomekindofwaytoknowthisisthesameclient,whichrequiressessionobject.2.sessionobjectID:WhenacustomersfirstvisittoaserverontheJSPpages,JSPenginesproduceasessionobject,andassignedaStringtypeofIDnumber,JSPengineatthesametime,theIDnumbersenttotheclient,storedinCookie,thissessionobjects,andcustomersontheestablishmentofaone-to-onerelationship.Whenacustomertoconnecttotheserveroftheotherpages,customersnolongerallocatedtothenewsessionobject,until,closeyourbrowser,theclient-serverobjecttocancelthesession,andtheconversation,andcustomerrelationshipdisappeared.Whenacustomerre-openthebrowsertoconnecttotheserver,theserverforthecustomertocreateanewsessionobject.四.aplicationtarget1.Whatistheapplication:Servershavelaunchedaftertheapplicationobject,whenacustomertovisitthesitebetweenthevariouspageshere,thisapplicationobjectsarethesame,untiltheserverisdown.Butwiththesessiondifferenceisthatallcustomersoftheapplicationobjectsarethesame,thatis,allcustomerssharethisbuilt-inapplicationobjects.2.applicationobjectscommonlyusedmethods:(1)publicvoidsetAttribute(Stringkey,Objectobj):Objectspecifiedparameterswillbetheobjectobjaddedtotheapplicationobject,andtoaddthesubjectofthedesignationofakeywordindex.(2)publicObjectgetAttribute(Stringkey):accesstoapplicationobjectscontainingkeywordsfor.五.outtargets4outasatargetoutputflow,usedtoclientoutputdata.outtargetsfortheoutputdata.六.Cookie1.WhatisCookie:CookieisstoredinWebserverontheusersharddrivesectionofthetext.CookieallowaWebsiteontheuserscomputertostoreinformationonandthengetbacktoit.Forexample,aWebsitemaybegeneratedforeachvisitorauniqueID,andthentoCookieintheformofdocumentsstoredineachusersmachine.IfyouuseIEbrowsertovisitWeb,youwillseeallstoredonyourharddriveontheCookie.Theyaremostoftenstoredinplaces:c:windowscookies(inWindow2000isintheC:DocumentsandSettingsyourusernameCookies)Cookieiskeywordkey=valuevaluetopreservetheformatoftherecord.2.TargetsthecreationofaCookie,CookieobjectcalledtheconstructorcancreateaCookie.Cookieobjectconstructorhastwostringparameters:CookieCookienameandvalue.Cookiec=newCookie(username,john);3.IftheJSPinthepackagegoodCookieobjecttosendtotheclient,theuseoftheresponseaddCookie()method.Format:response.addCookie(c)4.SavetoreadtheclientsCookie,theuseoftheobjectrequestgetCookies()methodwillbeimplementedinallclientcametoanarrayofCookieobjectsintheformoforder,tomeettheneedtoremovetheCookieobject,itisnecessarytocompareanarraycycleEachtargetkeywords.ApacheStrutsisanopen-sourcewebapplicationframeworkfordevelopingJavaEEwebapplications.ItusesandextendstheJavaServletAPItoencouragedeveloperstoadoptamodel-view-controller(MVC)architecture.ItwasoriginallycreatedbyCraigMcClanahananddonatedtotheApacheFoundationinMay,2000.FormerlylocatedundertheApacheJakartaProjectandknownasJakartaStruts,itbecameatoplevelApacheprojectTheWebWorkframeworkspunofffromApacheStrutsseveralyearsago,aimingtoofferenhancementsandrefinementswhileretainingthesamegeneralarchitectureoftheoriginal5Strutsframework.However,itwasannouncedinDecember2005thatStrutswouldre-mergewithWebWork.Arelationaldatabase,SQLServer1,byMicrosoftSQLServeristhedevelopmentandpopularizationofrelationaldatabasesystem(DBMS),whichwasoriginallybyMicrosoft,andAshtonSybaseTate-threecompaniesandjointdevelopment,launchedin1988,thefirstOS/2version.2.andrelationaldatabasemanagementsystem(RDBMS)function:Maintainingtherelationshipbetweendatabasedata,Ensurethecorrectnessofthedatastorage,Whenasystemfault,alldatarecoverytoensureconsistentdonesomecondition3,RDBMS:SQLServer,Oracle,DB/2,SybaseInformix,4andamplifiedRDBMS(File-based):Foxpro,AccessSecond,SQLServer2000version1andSQLServer2000commonversion:1)EnterpriseEdition2)Standardversion3)PersonalEdition4)DeveloperEdition1.1SQLServerfeaturesWiththeintegrationoftheInternet:SQLServer2000databaseenginecomprehensivesupportXMLLanguage,creatingtake(extensibleMarkupLanguage),thattheusercaneasilybedatabasedatareleasedtotheWebpage.Scalabilityandusability:CanspanfromrunningWindows95,98/thelaptoptorunWindows2000large-scalemultipleprocessorsetc.Variousplatforms.Inaddition,tojointlyServer,etc,thesupportindexviewthatSQLServer2000enterpriseeditioncanupgradetothelargestWebsitedesiredperformancelevel.Enterprisedatabasesfunctions:SQLServer2000distributedquerycanquotefromdifferentdatabasedata,andthesearecompletelytransparenttousers,Distributeddatabasewillensurethatanydistributed6dataupdateintegrity,Copycanenableustomaintainmultipledataavailable,theusercanworkindependently,andthenwillbedonebymodifiedmergedintothedatabase,SQLServer2000relationaldatabaseenginecanfullyprotectdataintegrity,stillcanbemodifieddatabasemanagementconcurrentcosttoaminimum.Easytoinstall,deploymentanduse:SQLServer2000byaseriesofmanagementanddevelopmenttools,thesetoolsatmultiplesitesonSQLServerinstallation,deploy,manageandusemoreeasily.DeveloperscanmorequicklydeliverSQLServerapplicationsandrequiresonlytheleastinstallationandmanagementcanachievetheseapplications.Datawarehouse:ThedatawarehouseisSQLServer2000containsforanalysisandsummarydataanalysisonon-lineanalyticalprocessingtools.ThisfunctiononlyinOracleandothermoreexpensiveDBMS.1.1.1SQLServer2000newfeaturesFullyexpandedtheSQLServer7.0performance,reliabilityandusability.Increasestherangeoffunctions,specificasfollows:IntheaspectofrelationaldatabaseGraphicsmanagementenhancementThecombinationofenhanceddatabaseserver1.2SQLServer2000tools,andutilities1,enterprisemanagement,servicemanagement3,4,eventdetectionqueryparsers5and6,theinputandoutputdatanetwork,serverclienttousetools,toolsInternetuseonlinedocumentation1.2.1enterprisemanagementEnterpriseManagementisbasedonanewcalledMicrosoftManagementConsole(r)ofpublicManagementMicrosoftServerManagementenvironment,itistheSQLServer2000inoneofthemostimportantManagementtools.Enterprisemanagementcannotonlyconfigurationsystemenvironmentandmanagement,butalsobecauseitSQLServercancascadeformtolistalltheSQLServerobject,soallthe7SQLServerobjectofestablishmentandmanagementcanbeaccomplishedbyit.1.2.2ServiceManager(up)ServiceSQLServerservicemanagerisinpracticalworkwhentheServerismostpracticalprogram,servicemanagementistostart,stop,andcontinuetosuspendthereal-timedatabaseServerservice,theserviceprovidedtypesinclude:SQLServer,SQLServerproxy,Microsoftsearchanddistributedcoordination,etc.8外文翻译JSP和SQLServer2000相关介绍JSP(JavaServerPages)是由SunMicrosystems公司倡导、许多公司参与一起建立的一种动态网页技术标准。JSP技术有点类似ASP技术，它是在传统的网页HTML文(*.htm,*.html)中插入Java程序段(Scriptlet)和JSP标记(tag)，从而形成JSP文件(*.jsp)。用JSP开发的Web应用是跨平台的，即能在Linux下运行，也能在其他操作系统上运行。JSP技术使用Java编程语言编写类XML的tags和scriptlets，来封装产生动态网页的处理逻辑。网页还能通过tags和scriptlets访问存在于服务端的资源的应用逻辑。JSP将网页逻辑与网页设计和显示分离，支持可重用的基于组件的设计，使基于Web的应用程序的开发变得迅速和容易。Web服务器在遇到访问JSP网页的请求时，首先执行其中的程序段，然后将执行结果连同JSP文件中的HTML代码一起返回给客户。插入的Java程序段可以操作数据库、重新定向网页等，以实现建立动态网页所需要的功能。JSP与JavaServlet一样，是在服务器端执行的，通常返回该客户端的就是一个HTML文本，因此客户端只要有浏览器就能浏览。JSP的1.0规范的最后版本是1999年9月推出的，12月又推出了1.1规范。目前较新的是JSP1.2规范，JSP2.0规范的征求意见稿也已出台。JSP页面由HTML代码和嵌入其中的Java代码所组成。服务器在页面被客户端请求以后对这些Java代码进行处理，然后将生成的HTML页面返回给客户端的浏览器。JavaServlet是JSP的技术基础，而且大型的Web应用程序的开发需要JavaServlet和JSP配合才能完成。JSP具备了Java技术的简单易用，完全的面向对象，具有平台无关性且安全可靠，主要面向因特网的所有特点。JSP技术的强势（1）一次编写，到处运行。在这一点上Java比PHP更出色，除了系统之外，代码不用做任何更改。（2）系统的多平台支持。基本上可以在所有平台上的任意环境中开发，在任意环境中进行系统部署，在任意环境中扩展。相比ASP/PHP的局限性是显而易见的。（3）强大的可伸缩性。从只有一个小的Jar文件就可以运行Servlet/JSP，到由多台服务器进行集群和负载均衡，到多台Application进行事务处理，消息处理，一台服务器到无数台服务器，Java显示了一个巨大的生命力。（4）多样化和功能强大的开发工具支持。这一点与ASP很像，Java已经有了许多非常优秀的开发工具，而且许多可以免费得到，并且其中许多已经可以顺利的运行于多种平台之下。JSP技术的弱势（1）与ASP一样，Java的一些优势正是它致命的问题所在。正是由于为了跨平台的功能，为了极度的伸缩能力，所以极大的增加了产品的复杂性。（2）Java的运行速度是用class常驻内存来完成的，所以它在一些情况下所使用的内存比起用户数量来说确实是“最低性能价格比”了。从另一方面，它还需要硬盘空间来储存一系列的.java文件和.class文件，以及对应的版本文件。JSP六种内置对象：9request,response,out,session,application,config,pagecontext,page,exception.一.request对象：该对象封装了用户提交的信息，通过调用该对象相应的方法可以获取封装的信息，即使用该对象可以获取用户提交信息。二.response对象：对客户的请求做出动态的响应，向客户端发送数据。三session对象1.什么是session：session对象是一个JSP内置对象，它在第一个JSP页面被装载时自动创建，完成会话期管理。从一个客户打开浏览器并连接到服务器开始，到客户关闭浏览器离开这个服务器结束，被称为一个会话。当一个客户访问一个服务器时，可能会在这个服务器的几个页面之间反复连接，反复刷新一个页面，服务器应当通过某种办法知道这是同一个客户，这就需要session对象。2session对象的ID：当一个客户首次访问服务器上的一个JSP页面时，JSP引擎产生一个session对象，同时分配一个String类型的ID号，JSP引擎同时将这个ID号发送到客户端，存放在Cookie中，这样session对象和客户之间就建立了一一对应的关系。当客户再访问连接该服务器的其他页面时，不再分配给客户新的session对象，直到客户关闭浏览器后，服务器端该客户的session对象才取消，并且和客户的会话对应关系消失。当客户重新打开浏览器再连接到该服务器时，服务器为该客户再创建一个新的session对象。四aplication对象1什么是application:服务器启动后就产生了这个application对象，当客户再所访问的网站的各个页面之间浏览时，这个application对象都是同一个，直到服务器关闭。但是与session不同的是，所有客户的application对象都是同一个，即所有客户共享这个内置的application对象。2application对象常用方法:(1)publicvoidsetAttribute(Stringkey,Objectobj):将参数Object指定的对象obj添加到application对象中，并为添加的对象指定一个索引关键字。(2)publicObjectgetAttribute(Stringkey):获取application对象中含有关键字的对象。五out对象out对象是一个输出流，用来向客户端输出数据。out对象用于各种数据的输出。六Cookie1.什么是Cookie：Cookie是Web服务器保存在用户硬盘上的一段文本。Cookie允许一个Web站点在用户的电脑上保存信息并且随后再取回它。举例来说，一个Web站点可能会为每一个访问者产生一个唯一的ID，然后以Cookie文件的形式保存在每个用户的机器上。如果您使用IE浏览器访问Web，您会看到所有保存在您的硬盘上的Cookie。它们最常存放的地方是：c:windowscookies(在Window2000中则是C:DocumentsandSettings您的用户名Cookies)Cookie是以“关键字key=值value“的格式来保存纪录的.102创建一个Cookie对象，调用Cookie对象的构造函数可以创建Cookie。Cookie对象的构造函数有两个字符串参数：Cookie名字和Cookie值。Cookiec=newCookie(“username”,”john”);3JSP中如果要将封装好的Cookie对象传送到客户端，使用response的addCookie()方法。格式：response.addCookie(c)4读取保存到客户端的Cookie,使用request对象的getCookies()方法，执行时将所有客户端传来的Cookie对象以数组的形式排列，如果要取出符合需要的Cookie对象，就需要循环比较数组内每个对象的关键字。Struts是Apache软件基金会（ASF）赞助的一个开源项目。它最初是Jakarta项目中的一个子项目，并在2004年3月成为ASF的顶级项目。它通过采用JavaServlet/JSP技术，实现了基于JavaEEWeb应用的Model-View-ControllerMVC设计模式的应用框架WebFramework，是MVC经典设计模式中的一个经典产品。在JavaEE的Web应用发展的初期，除了使用Servlet技术以外，普遍是在JavaServerPages(JSP)的源代码中，采用HTML与Java代码混合的方式进行开发。因为这两种方式不可避免的要把表现与业务逻辑代码混合在一起，都给前期开发与后期维护带来巨大的复杂度。为了摆脱上述的约束与局限，把业务逻辑代码从表现层中清晰的分离出来，2000年，CraigMcClanahan采用了MVC的设计模式开发Struts。后来该框架产品一度被认为是最广泛、最流行JAVA的WEB应用框架。SQLServer关系数据库简介1、SQLServer是由Microsoft开发和推广的关系数据库系统（DBMS)，它最初是由Microsoft、Sybase和Ashton-Tate三家公司共同开发的，并于1988年推出了第一个OS/2版本。2、关系数据库（RDBMS)管理