外文翻译 - 基于嵌入式实时操作系统的保护装置的监控系统

0外文原文MonitorSystemforProtectionDeviceBasedonEmbeddedRTOSEmbeddedsystemismadeofembeddedprocessor,correlativehardwareandembeddedsoftware,whichcanworkindependentlywiththehardwareandthesoftware.The32-bit,64-bitprocessorsareprimarilychoseninengineeringatpresent.Restrictedbyfactorslikecost,energyconsumptionandchipsize,embeddedsystemsarecloselylinkedwiththeirapplicationandmarket.Itiscriticaltodesignanddevelopembeddedsystemproductswiththepropercost,functionandperformance.Embeddedsystemisusedinpowersystemforalongtime,includingdatacollection,automaticequipment,detectionandcontrolofinstrumentandsoon4,5.MonitorSystemindigitalprotectionwidelyadoptsembeddedsystemofsinglechip,RabbitorARMwithoutoperationsystembecauseoftheslowprocessorandthedeficientofEMSmemoryforthemoment.Lackofoperationsysteminducessingleconfigurationoffunction,lowefficiency,smallmemorycapacityandfewuserinterfaces.Thelinearprogrammingisthedominatingprogramconfigurationinthisembeddedsystem.Itissoflexiblethatthemonitorsystemshouldbelockedowingtotheabnormityofeverypartoftheapplication,other-wiseitisusualhardtorealizeChinesedisplay.Withthedevelopmentofintegratedautomationsystem,theconnectionbetweenprotectionandpowerdispatchingcenterisbasedonEthernetnetwork.Itiscomplicatedtoaddthenetworkprotocolstackincircularcontrolofembeddedsystem,onthecontrary,thesituationinembeddedoperationsystemisopposite.Also,itsconvenientforthetransplantationofthenetworkprotocolstackinseveralsystemplatforms.Consequently,theembeddedsystemwhichismarkedbyoperationsystemandinternetisneededforthemonitorsystemindigitalprotectionurgently.Thefrequencyof32-bit,64-bitprocessorsisover100MHz,moreoverthememorysystemisbiggeranditsread-writefunctionismoreconvenient,buttheircostisfallinginprices.Inoneside,highperformancesystemcouldaffordtheadditional1consumptionfromCPUandmemoryinthisembeddedsystem.Intheotherside,thehighratioperformence&priceofthemisfitforthedevelopmentofdigitalprotection.Theman-machineinterfaceandcommunicatingfunctionofthemonitorsystemarenotdevelopedindependentlyowingtotherestrictioninthespeedofmanage-CPU,thecapabilityofmemoryandespeciallythedesignoflinearprogram.Thetraditionalmonitorsystembringsusthebadconfigurationoftheprogram,lowefficiencyondeveloping,fussydebuggingandsoon,sothattheembeddedsystemofRTOSischosenforthenewresearchanddevelopmentplatformofmonitorsystem.Inthisplat-formtheobject-orientedprogrammingwhichisunliketheordinarylinearframeisavailabletoadopt.Separatingandchoosingeachfunctionasanindividualtask,whilethesystemshoulddistributeCPUsresourcetoeverytaskaccordingtotheirprioritylevels,whichcouldensuretherealtimeresponseofmulti-task.Itisbettertorealizeabundantmanagefunctionsinthemonitorsystemthantraditionalone.Therearemanyembeddedoperationsystemsatpresent,includingVxWorks,pSOS,Nucleus,PalmOS,WindowsCE,etc.Theyareallcommercialproduct,sothatalotofsmallcompaniescantaffordthecostforthedigitalprotectionbyreasonoftheirhighprice.EmbeddedLinuxisanewpartofembeddedoperationsystem.AsaresultofinheritedfromLinux,embeddedLinuxisadvancedandstrong,thereforeitoffersasteadyruntimeenvironmentforthemonitorsystem.ThefollowingaretheprimaryreasonsofchoosingembeddedLinuxforthedigitalprotection:1)EmbeddedLinuxhasbeenusedonmultiformplat-form,includingX86,Alpha.,Sparc,MIPS,PPC,ARM,NEC,MOTOROLA,etc,sotheworkoftransplantingshouldbeconvenientandfast.Furthermore,itwillre-ducethedevelopingcostasLinuxisfreeforfollowingtheGNUGeneralPublicLicense(GPL).2)ItisconfirmedthatembeddedLinuxisfitforembeddedsystemandaddingorreducingeachpartofthesystemshouldbeeasyatanymomentduetothehighmodularizationofLinux.3)ComparedwithotherembeddedRTOS,Linuxhasperfectnetworkfunction,CommunicationbasedonEthernetnetworkisnolongeraproblemfordigitalprotection.24)ThedigitalprotectionneedslotsofmemorystoragetosaveSOEandfaultreportceaselesslyrecordedbysets.TheembeddedLinux2.6cansustainfilesystem(appendNANDFLASH)excellently,sothatitiseasierandmoreefficienttomanagetheplentifulmessagesfromDSP.Inordertodevelophigh-performanceandperfectfunctionsmonitorsysteminembeddedLinux,anexcellentgraphsupportembeddedGUIisneeded,whichissimple,intuitionalandlessresourceusedforlimitedhardware.TherearethreemainstreamembeddedGUI,MiniGUI,Nano-XWindow(Microwindows)andQT/Embedded,whichisselected.QT/EmbeddedisaneditionforembeddedsystemcreatedandmaintainedfromQTbyasoftwarecompanynamedTrolltechinNorway.Com-paredwithotherembeddedGUI,QT/Embeddedisfullyobject-oriented,easilyextensibleandabundantcontrols.Althoughithasbiggersizeandcostsmoreresource,itbecomesmoreappropriateforembeddedsystemwiththefastdevelopmentofprocessorsandmemorynow.TherearemanyembeddedLinuxdevelopershaveturntoQT/EmbeddedsinceitisreleasedunderthetermofGPL.ItisareasonforchoosingQT/Embedded,whichcanimprovedisplayeffectofmonitorsystemremarkable.QT/Embeddedpaysattentiontoallelementsofgraphicuserinterfacefordevelopers,itworksonFrameBufferdirectly,whichisanabstractgraphicsequipmentindependentofhardware.Itsuppliesthemappingofdisplaymemoryanddisplayregisterfromphysicalmemoryinprocessaddressspace.WithdevelopingthedriverofFrameBufferdevicedriverforLCD,itprovidesrunningbaseforGUIandimprovesoperationefficiencyofpro-gram.1)CrossPlatform:asamonitorsystemofprotection,itisbettertofitdifferentplatformandhasstrongtransplantation.TheTrolltechassureddevelopersthattheywouldmaintenanceanddevelopsameAPIonallkindsofoperationsystem,reducingthedegreeofdevelopingdifficulty.2)Object-Oriented:QT/Embeddedisfullyobjectorientedandallowstruecomponent3programming.Itiseasytorealizestrongerfunctionandmoreexcellentdisplaywithplentyofcontrolresource.3)Internationalization:inordertobeacceptedbypowerplantoperationpersonnel,alltheinformationshowedoninterfaceshouldberealizedbyChinese.QT/Embeddedtriestomakeinternationalizationaspain-lessaspossiblefordevelopers.OneofthesolutionsisusingQStringforalluservisibletext.SinceQStringusestheUnicodeencodinginternally,everylanguageintheworldcanbeprocessedtransparentlyusingfamiliartextprocessingoperations,especiallyChinese.4)PowerfulTools:QT/Embeddedissuppliedwithseveralpowerfulcommandlineandgraphicaltoolstoeaseandspeedthedevelopmentprocess.Furthermore,thereference-documentsofQTareextremelydetailedthroughtheeffortoftheTrolltechandalldevelopersoftheworld.Monitorsystemistheembodimentofthemostintelligentdesignfordigitalprotection.AsmoreandmoreinterfacedevelopmentswithembeddedGUIonembeddedRTOS,butthisapplicationhasnotbeenrealizedinthefieldofdigitalprotection.Accordingtotherequirementsofthemonitorfunctionindigitalprotectionforlargegenera-tor-transformersetsatThreeGeorgessrightbankplant,thischapterreferstoadoptthe32-bitembeddedRISCmicroprocessorbasedonARM920T,anddevelopareal-time,multi-task,high-performanceandflexiblemonitorsystemwithQT/Embedded-3.3.5onembeddedLinux-2.6.TheARM9processorEP9315oftheCIRRUSLOGICinU.S.isselectedforthemanageCPU,andtherearemanyadvantagesinthishardwareplatform.Firstly,ithasstrongcomputationalcapacity,whosefrequencyisashighas200MHzanditequipstheMaverickCrunchco-processorforfloating-pointoperation.Secondly,ithasrichmemoryfunction,including64MB-SDRAM,32MB-NORFLASH,512MB-NANDFLASHanditalsoallowsconnectingwithIDEharddisk,CF-cardandUdisk.Thirdly,ithasperfectcommunicationfunction,forin-stance,two232-serialports,fourRS485/422-serialports,twoCANbusandtwoEthernetports.Lastbutnotleast,thehardwareplatformissopowerfulthatitisalsoconsistofstandard8keyboard,DS1286real-timeclockand6inches4640480256K-colourLCD.Figure2showsthefunctionalconfigurationofthemanageplug-ininthisdigitalprotection.Incomparisonwithtraditionallinearsoftwaredesign,monitorsystemhasalwaysbeenrealizedbymakinguseofmultithread.Thetaskofmainthreadisdealingwithgraphicsuserinterface.Therearethreethreadsforcommunication:thecommunicationwithDSPbasedonMODBUSprotocolandCANbus,thecommunicationwithhostcomputerbasedonMODBUSprotocolandEthernetandthecommunicationwithpowerdispatchingcenterbasedonIEC60870-5-103protocolandEthernet.Thefourparallelthreadsworkatthesametime,inotherwords,anynormalthreadswillnotbeinfluencedbytheonewitherrorswhicharecausedbyintensedisturb.Obviously,itisbettertoimprovethestabilityofthedevicesforusingtechniqueofmultithread,andwhatsmore,itiseasiertoaddothernewmanagefunctionsforbetterexpansibility.Therearetwochoicesforrealizingmultithread:1)ThedesignformultithreadinLinux.2)ThedesignformultithreadinQT.InordertoreducethedevelopingdifficultyandcooperatewiththemonitorsoftwaredevelopedbyQT/Embedded,thesecondoneismoresuitableandconvenience.Qtprovidesthreadsupportintheformofbasicplatform-independenthreadingclasses,athread-safewayofpostingevents,andaglobalQtlibrarylockthatallowsyoutocallQtmethodsfromdifferentthreads.ThemostimportantthreadinQTisQThread,thenitprovidesthemeanstostartanewthread,whichbeginsexecutioninyourreimplementationofQThread:run().ThisissimilartotheJavathreadclass.DontmixthenormalQtlibraryandthethreadedQtlibraryinyourapplication.ThismeansthatifyourapplicationusesthethreadedQtlibrary,youshouldnotlinkwiththenormalQtlibrary,dynamicallyloadthenormalQtlibraryordynamicallyloadanotherlibraryorplug-inthatdependsonthenor-malQtlibrary.Onsomesystems,doingthiscancorruptthestaticdatausedintheQtlibrary.Ascanbeseenfromtheanalysisofthedevelopingenvironment,whichisfullyobject-5orientedandallowstruecomponentprogramming,theinterfacedeveloperscandevotetheirmindtographicsdesign.Withhigh-resolutioncolorLCD,thefamiliarPCdesktopgraphicimagesshouldberealizedinthemonitorsystemofdigitalprotectionagain,thatistosaythisnewdevelopingtechniquebringsonhugereformoftraditionhumanmachineinterface.Asaresultoftheflexibleconfigurefordigitalprotection,themonitorsystemisexpectedgoodactionintheupdateofsamesetsandothersimilardevicesbeingtransplanted.Sothegeneralityisveryimportantforasuccessfulmonitorsystem.TheembeddedLinuxandQT/Embeddedbothcanbetransplantedexpedientlywhileitisbettertoadoptageneraldesignformonitorapplication.Mostimportant,similarfunctionsofdigitalprotectionarethebaseforthegenerality.Atthebeginningofdesigningthismonitorsystem,itsgeneralrequirementhasbeenconsideredalready.Thepivotaltechniqueisthatalltheinformationincludingnamesandinterrelatedpropertiesdisplayedwhenthedeviceisrunning,suchassettings,samplings,digitalinputandoutput,SOEandfault/pickupreport,shouldbesavedinaspecialfilenamedconfigurationfile.Wheninitializingthemonitorsystem,theinformationreadinmemoryfromtheconfigurationfileshouldbedisplayedontheinterface.Thisfileneedntbecompiledandcanbeconfiguredflexiblyasrequired.Thismethodhasthefollowingadvantages:1)Themethodofthetextconfigurationisverysimpleandflexible.Duringthedevelopingprocess,wejustmodifythetextfilewhenadjustinganyinformationasactualrequired.Itcanraisetheefficiencyofdevelopmentanddebugging.2)Itrealizesthegeneralityofmonitorsystemingeneratorprotectionandtransformerprotection.Anditcanfitforanydigitalprotectionsystemwithoutanymodificationofmainprogram.AccordingtotheexcellenttransplantationofembeddedsystemandembeddedGUI,thedevelopingplatformofthemonitorsystemcanfitforthedevelopmentofmostkindsofdigitalprotection.Thelargegenerator-transformerdigitalprotectionhaspassedtypetestanddynamic6simulationtestinElectricPowerResearchInstituteofChina.Thereal-timemulti-taskoperatingsystemshowstheexcellentperformanceininterfacedisplay,handoperations,dataacquisitionandcommunication.Thesedeviceshavedonethetest-runin300MVAhydraulicgeneratorsetsinGeheyanhydro-powerstationandtheyworkwellbyfar.ThemonitorsystembasedonembeddedLinux,whichisdevelopedonembeddedGUI,notonlyofferenrichman-machineexchangeofinformation,providehighqualityofdisplayeffect,optimizeprogramstructure,andsupplypowerfulfunctionofnet,butalsosavethedevelopingandmaintenancecostbecauseoftheopensource.Thedevelopmentplatformofembeddedsystemissoexcellentintransplantationandexpansibilitythatitisevenfitfordevelopingotherautomatedelectricpowerequipments.Tosummarize,itwillbeoneofthemain-streamplatformsfordevelopingmonitorsystemindigitalprotectioninfuture.7译文基于嵌入式实时操作系统的保护装置的监控系统嵌入式系统由嵌入式处理器，相关的硬件和嵌入式软件，它可以与硬件和软件独立工作。32位，64位处理器，主要选择了目前工程。受成本限制，能源消耗和芯片尺寸，嵌入式系统与他们的应用与市场紧密联系的。它是以适当的成本和开发嵌入式系统的产品设计，功能和性能。嵌入式系统是用于电力系统长时间，包括数据采集，自动化设备，检测和控制仪表等。系统在数字保护中广泛采用的单芯片的嵌入式系统的监控，无操作系统的兔或臂由于处理器和内存不足的EMS的时刻。操作系统缺乏诱导的功能结构单一，效率低，存储容量小和一些用户界面。线性规划是主要的程序配置在该嵌入式系统。这是非常灵活，监控系统应锁定在应用程序中的每一个部分的异常，否则它是通常很难实现汉字显示。随着综合自动化系统的发展，保护和电源之间的连接调度中心是基于以太网的网络。它是嵌入式系统中循环控制添加网络协议栈复杂，相反，在嵌入式操作系统的情况是相反的。同时，对网络协议栈的几个系统平台，移植方便。因此，这是由操作系统和互联网为嵌入式系统需要在数字保护监控系统迫切。32位频率，64位的处理器在100MHz，而且存储系统越来越大，读写函数更为方便，但成本下降的价格。一方面，高性能的系统可以从该嵌入式系统的CPU和内存的额外消耗。在另一边，他们的高性能价格比的适合数字保护的发展。监控系统的人机接口和通信功能并不是独立开发由于限制在速度管理CPU，内存的能力，特别是线性程序设计。传统的监控系统也给我们带来了程序的错误配置，开发效率低，繁琐的调试等，使实时操作系统的嵌入式系统选择的新的监测系统的研究与开发平台。在这个平台的面向对象程序设计不同于普通线性帧可采用。分离和选择每个功能作为一个单独的任务，同时系统将CPU的资源给每个任务按照它们的优先级，使得多任务实时响应。这是更好地实现丰富的管理功能，在监控系统比传统的。有许多嵌入式操作系统目前，包括VxWorks，pSOS，核，PalmOS，WindowsCE，等他们都是商业产品，所以，很多小公司不以价格高的原因提供数字保护成本。嵌入式Linux是嵌入式操作系统的一个新的部分。从Linux的嵌入式Linux继承的结果，是先进的，强大的，因此它提供了一个稳定的运行环境监控系统。下面是选择数字保护嵌入式Linux的主要原因：1）嵌入式Linux已经应用在多种平台，包括x86，SPARC，MIPS，。，PPC，臂，NEC，摩托罗拉，等，所以移植工作应方便快捷。此外，它会降低开发成本，Linux是免费的遵循GNU通用公共许可（GPL）2）证实了嵌入式Linux是适合于嵌入式系统的增加或减少系统的各个部分应该很容易在任何时刻，由于Linux的高度模块化。83）与其他嵌入式操作系统Linux相比，具有完善的网络功能，基于以太网的通信不再是一个问题的数字保护。4）的数字保护需要存储大量节省国企和故障集不断记录报告。嵌入式Linux2.6内核可以支持文件系统（附加的NAND闪存）很好，所以它是更容易和更有效的从DSP丰富的信息管理。为了开发高性能、完善的嵌入式Linux功能的监控系统，一个优秀的图形支持嵌入式GUI是必要的，这是简单的，直观的和不使用有限的硬件资源。有三种主流的嵌入式GUI，MiniGUI，Nano-X窗口（microwindows）和Qt/Embedded，这是选择。QTEmbedded嵌入式系统的创建和维护的软件公司的Qt名叫奇趣挪威版。COM相对于其他嵌入式GUI，Qt/Embedded是完全面向对象的，很容易扩展和丰富的控件。虽然它有更大的规模和成本，更多的资源，更适合于嵌入式系统的快速发展，处理器和内存现在。有许多嵌入式Linux开发人员转向Qt/Embedded既然是GPL下发布的术语。这是选择Qt/Embedded的原因，可提高显示效果显著的监控系统。Qt/Embedded注重图形的所有元素开发的用户界面，它工作在帧直接，这是一个抽象的图形设备的硬件独立的。它提供的映射显示内存和显示从进程地址空间的物理内存寄存器。随着液晶显示设备驱动程序，它提供了基础，提高了运行的GUI程序的运行效率。1）跨平台：为保护监控系统，这是更好地适应不同的平台，具有很强的移植。Trolltech公司向开发商要维护和发展同API对各种操作系统，降低了开发难度。2）面向对象：Qt/Embedded是完全面向对象的，允许真正的组件编程。这是很容易实现更强大的功能和控制资源丰富更优异的显示。3）国际化：以由电厂运行人员接受，所有的信息显示在界面应该意识到中国。Qt/Embedded试图国际化为疼痛，尽可能少的开发商。其中一个解决方法是使用QString所有用户可见的文本。由于使用Unicode编码QString内部，在世界上每一种语言都可以使用熟悉的文字处理操作透明地处理，尤其是中国。4）强大的工具：Qt/Embedded提供几个强大的命令行和图形工具，以简化和加快发展的过程。此外，Qt的参考文档是非常详细的通过努力的巨魔技术和开发者的世界。监控系统是数字保护最智能设计中的体现。随着越来越多的接口开发的嵌入式GUI在嵌入式实时操作系统，但是这个应用程序没有在数字保护领域的实现。根据大型发电机变压器组微机保护的监视功能的要求在三乔治斯的右岸厂房，本章采用基于ARM920T内核的32位嵌入式RISC微处理器，并开发了一个实时，多任务，具有高性能和灵活的QT/embedded-3.3.5监控系统嵌入式Linux2.6。在美国的ARM9处理器EP9315CirrusLogic为管理CPU，还有在这个硬件平台的许多优点。首先，它具有强大的计算能力，其频率为高达200MHz和装备为浮点运算协处理器的特立独行的危机。其次，它具有丰富的记忆功能