基于web的学生课程及成绩管理系统-外文翻译

0外文原文Withtherapiddevelopmentofmoderninformationtechnology,theautomaticprocessingofinformationandnetworkinformationinteractionismoreandmorerecognizedbypeopleandapplications.Usingcomputertomanagestudentsinformationisnowoneofthevariouscollegesanduniversitiesareactivelytowork,variousuniversitieshaveestablishedbasedoncomputernetworkcommunicationoftheinformationmanagementandserviceplatform,toallsortsofactivitiessuchasauxiliaryteaching,scientificresearchandmanagement.Alongwiththesystemofcollegeeducationreform,especiallycourseselectionsystem,creditsystemandin-depth,studentcourseselectionandscoremanagementincreasinglyheavyandcomplicated.Therefore,basedonmoderninformationtechnologyenvironment,thecoursemanagementandtheintegrationofmodernnetworktechnology,todevelopasetofadapttothecreditsystemmanagementmodeofnetworkcourseselectionsystem,notonlyinthedirectionofsocialdevelopment,anditisunderthecreditsystemmanagementmode,withtheobjectiverequirementoftheschoolcurriculummanagementhasbeenexpanding。WiththeprogressanddevelopmentofcomputertechnologyandtheIntranet/Intemettechnologyonlyincreasinglymature,thepopularityoftheInternet,peopleusetheInternettoachieveresourcesharingandcollaborativeworkbetweeneachothermoreandmorebecomeanreversethetrendoftheInternethasalreadydeepintoallareasofourlives.Webtechnologyintheunceasingdevelopment,moreandmoreusersstartusingWebtechnologytotheirowninformationsystemconstruction.Schoolistheimportantbaseoftrainingtalents,howtocombineinformationtechnologyandeducationisverygood,theinformationnetworkandtheadvancedcomputertechnologyisintroducedintotheschool,isanimportanttopicinfrontofpeople.Thecollegeeducationsysteminthereform,thetraditionalacademicyearsystemwasgraduallyreplacedbycreditsystem.Atpresent,thecreditsystemincollegesanduniversitieshasbeencommonpractice.Withthecontinuousexpansionoftheschool,especiallytheelectivesystem,creditsystemandin-depth,studentcourseselectionandscoremanagementworkwithheavyandcomplicated.Traditionalwayofmanualcourseis1distributedofficetabletovariousclassesofelectivecourses,courseselectionbythestudents,afterthecourse,thesummarytotheacademicaffairseducationaladministrationpersonnelstatisticseachlessonnumberofcourseofstudy;Whenchoosingcoursesbecausedontknowwhetherthenumberoftheselectedcourseisfull,waitforthestatisticalreporttoofficeafteryouknow,beforeyoucanregisteragain;Twiceafterthecompletionofthecourse,theeducationaladministrationpersonnelunifiedcollectiveinputtothecomputer,andarrangetimeandplace,printthecoursescheduleandthestudentroster,mostoftheseworkdonebymanual,time-consuming,workloadisbig,andcumbersome.Period,theteachershouldfilloutthetestreportandturnedovertothedeansoffice,andthenbytheeducationaladministrationpersonnelintothecomputer,thejobalsobringstotheteachersandeducationalworkersalotofwork.Therefore,theuseofcomputertechnologyandInternettechnologytothecombinationofstudentsachievementsofthecourseselectionandmanagementisnotonlyisthedirectionofthesocialdevelopment,andisexpandingitsschoolcircumstancestheobjectiverequirementofthecurriculummanagement.Withthedevelopmentofthedigitalcampusconstruction,thepartoftheschoolstudentscourseselectionandperformancemanagementhashandledbymanualmodeisconvertedtocomputermanagementmode.ButmosttraditionalonlinecourseselectionandscoremanagementsystemUSESASP,PHP,VBScript,JavaScriptprogrammingskillssuchascosttheseprogrammingtechnologydevelopmentofonlinecourseselectionsystemindifferentdegree,thelowdegreeofprocessreuse,repeatedlaborisbig,slowspeedofbrowsing,systemsecurityispoor,noteasytoexpand,suchasdefectsandtheinsufficiency,courseselectionandscoremanagementsysteminthedevelopmentofconstructionproject.AtpresentourcountrymainlyadoptstheJtechnologyto丌Webapplicationsystem.Thesetwotechnologiescanestablishadynamic,stable,powerfulandeasytoupgradeandmaintenanceofnetworkapplicationsystem.JSPtechnologyinJavatechnologyisadvocatedbySuncompany,manycompaniesinvolvedinestablishingatechnicalstandard,togetherwiththetraditionalonlinecoursesandgrademanagementsystemdevelopmenttechnology,JSPtechnologytoestablishadynamicperformance,securityandstability,cross-platform,powerfulandeasytoupgradeandmaintenanceofnetworkapplicationsystem.2Developedasetofrelativelygeneralonlinecourseselectionsystem,oronlyneedasimplemodificationcanbeappliedtosituationsofelectivesystem,abettersolutionisusingthecomponenttechnologyofsoftwaresystemdesignanddevelopment.Componentscanbegreatlyconvenientsoftwaresecondarydevelopmentandcodereuse,cangreatlyshortenthedevelopmentcycleandimprovedevelopmentefficiency.Studentcourseselectionandscoremanagementsystemistherefore(javabeans)usingcomponenttechnology,thecombinationofJSPanddatabasetechnologytoopenSendasetofdatabasemanagementinformationsystembasedonInternet.StudentscourseselectionandscoremanagementsystemdesignisthepurposeofthecourseandthestudentstostudentachievementthroughthenetworkManagementforstudents,teachersandeducationaladministrationpersonneltoprovideasimpleoperation,humanized,networkandconvenientcourseandresultmanagementplatform.Systemofstudentsintheschoolregulationsduringthecourseofstudy,canuseacomputerconnectedtotheIntemetbrowserchoiceprovisionswithinthescopeofthecourse:querycourseselectionresults:querycoursegrades,tounderstandoneselfhashowmanycreditsneedhowmanycredits;Canalsomodifysomepersonalinformation.Systemofteacherscanbedirectlyinonlinecoursestaughtbytheirclassschedule,releasedalistofthestudents,andtaughtacoursegrades.Systemadministratorscanmanageteachingclasses,students,teachersandcourseinformationmanagement.Throughtheresearchofthistopic,thepurposeistosolvethecourseselectionandperformanceofthetypicalproblemsexistinginthemanagementprocess,realizethecentralizedmanagementanddecentralizedoperation,andcomprehensivelyimprovethequalityofthecourseandresultmanagementefficiency,maketheimplementofcreditsystemandmanagementmorescientificandstandardized.ElectivesystemattheuniversityofBerlin,Germanyinthe19thcentury,theschoolthefirstPresidentofthefamousphilosopherj.g.fichtearguedcoexistandfreecompetition,eachschoolisallowedintheuniversitystudentscanaccordingtoownhobbytakingvariouscourses,choosetheirownstudydirection,undertheguidanceofamentortoengageinscientificresearchwork.IncourseselectionbasedonthedevelopmentofcreditsystemintheUnitedStates,includingHarvardUniversityPresidentCharlesEliotmadegreat3contributionstothedevelopmentofofcourseselectionsystemhisintelligencethinkcannotignorestudentsindividualdifferencesanddifferentinterests.Electivesystemcanbesuitableforthestudentsinterest,learningmotivationfromtheoutsideintotheinternalrequirementsofself-study,thusimprovethequalityofthestudents.CourseofstudyinourcountrystartedinBeijinguniversity,in1917theintroductionofGermany,oftheuniversityofelectivesystem.PekingUniversity,Thatstudentsmusthaveacomprehensiveknowledgeandaskedforsciencestudentsmusttakeacertainknowledgeofliteratureandhistory,theschoolofartslivingmusttakeacertainknowledgeofnaturalscience.TheimplementationofcreditsysteminChinaatpresent,mostuniversities,studentsarelearningduringmustcompleteacertainamountofcreditstogetdegree.Accordingtothecreditofeverycourse,studentschooseacertainnumberofcourses,getthecoursecredits,ifpasswhenmeettheminimumrequirementsofthegraduationtotalcreditcanapplyforgraduation,thereisnolimittothelearningtime.Creditsystemsothatthestudentscanindependentlychooseaccordingtooneselfinterestandthesocialdemandmorelearningcontentandform,andallowsstudentstohavesufficientspacetochoosetheirowncourses,theteachingmanagementsystemforstudentsactivelearning,selfdesign,improvequality,enhanceskills,andgivefullplaytostudentsspecialtycreatedthenecessaryconditions.Thecurrentpracticeofelectivesystemmainlyhasthree:(1)allowsstudentstochooseelectivecourses,requiredcoursesaremadeOfficeofunifiedarrangement,consistentwiththebasicadministrativeclassclasses.(2)allowingstudentstochoosecourses,includingcompulsorystudyinadvanceorlayers,andavarietyofelectivecourses,butstillbytheofficeofunifiedarrangement,whichisnotatlibertytochooseteachers,basicadministrativeclassdonotdisturb.(3)studentsarefreetochoosecourses,chooseteachers,thisisthebiggestfreedomwayofcourseofstudy,andthenthestudentregistrationadministrativeclassisfreeclasses,calledtheelectivesysteminanall-roundway.AtpresentdomesticmostoftheuniversitieseducationaladministrationsystemisthecombinationofB/SandC/Sdevelopmentstructure,obtainedthegoodeffect,suchastsinghuauniversityandsouthwestjiaotonguniversityofcollegeeducationaladministrationmanagementsystemmanagementsystemisthedomesticadvancededucationalsystem,4butsuchsystemsalsoexistmanyproblems.Insouthwestjiaotonguniversityeducationaladministrationmanagementsystem,forexample,inthesystemofdealingwiththebusinesslogiccodeisnestedintheHTMLpage,whichmakesthepresentationlayerandbusinesslogicaremixedtogether,apageisdifficulttomodifyandmaintain,soneedtoimprovethesystemofhierarchicalstructure,atthesametimesystemneedstoimproveonthereusabilityandextensibility.Domesticuseofelectivesystemgenerallyadopttwokindsofstructure,classUSESthec/s(client/server)structure,isdividedintoserverandclientprogram;UsingB/S(browser/server)structure,withASP,PHPandJSPcombinedwithHTMLanddatabaseimplementation.1.TheelectivesystembasedonC/SSpecificitiscourseofstudybytheadministratortoC/Sstructuresoftwareinstalledontheserverofthecomputercenter,Thenthestudentchoosecourseswithintheprescribedperiodoftimetothecomputerroom,duetothetimeandplaceoftherelativelyconcentratedcourse,sowillcausegreatpressuretothesystemandcoursemanagement.Alongwiththecomputertechnology,communicationtechnology,therapiddevelopmentofdatabasetechnology,Intraneff/Internettechnologymatures,thepopularityofInternet,theimprovementofthecampusnetwork,andJavatechnology.TheriseoftheNETtechnology,adoptsB/SstructureofeducationaladministrationmanagementsystemgraduallyreplacedtheoriginalC/Sstructureoftheeducationaladministrationsystem.2.BasedonB/SofcourseselectionsystemadoptsdynamicwebpagesThiswayUSESthebrowser/servermode,toachievebyusingthemethodofdynamicwebpagestoaccessthedatabasedirectlyOnlinecourses.ThewayagoodonthelocationoftheelectivesystemEC/Sstructureofconcentrationandtime.Electivestudentsmaybespecifiedintheschoolduringthecourseofstudy,usingthebrowsertoconnecttothecampusnetwork,youcaneasilyusethesystem,greatlyfacilitatesthecourseselectionprocess.DevelopmentofcourseselectionsystembasedonWebopentypicallyUSESdynamicWebtechnologyisASPorPHPorJSP,IorJavaBean.5WithASPorPHPtechnologydevelopmentsystem,allindifferentdegree,lowdegreeofprocessreuse,browsingspeedisslow,thepoorsecuritysystem,suchasextensibleflawandtheinsufficiency.DuetothemanyJSPabilityfromitcanbefullyusedthefunctionoftheJavalanguage,andJavalanguageasthe-i-Jinobject-orientedlanguages,isexcellentinperformance,security,whichmakestheJSPdynamicwebdesigntechnologythanotherdynamicwebdesigntechnologyhasaverybigadvantage.AndwiththeJavalanguagealladvantages:security,scalable,cross-platform,andsoon.Atpresentalotofschoolshavedevelopedoraredevelopingonlinecourseselectionsystemfortheirschool.QingdaotrafficpositionIndustryofthedevelopmentofschoolstudentelectivesystem,adoptedB/Sarchitecture.Thesystemusingthemodelview.Thecontroller(MVC)designpattern,basedontheStrutsframework,onthebasisofdesignasetofcombinedwiththeapplicationofStrutsandJSFframework.UsingtheStrutsframeworkasasystemofthewholeinfrastructure,toreducethesystemtotalstructureofthecoupling,andtheuseofJSFUIcomponentsresponsibleforthedevelopmentoftheviewlayerpage.Systemarchitecturearedividedintofourlayers:thepresentationlayer,businesslayeranddatapersistencelayeranddatabaselayerr1.UsingJSFsimplifiesdevelopment,byintegratingtheMVCdesignpatterntoUJSFarchitecture,makeapplicationhashighermaintainability.YibincollegeelectivesystemalsoUSESB/Sarchitecturedevelopment.ThecoursesystemdesignpatternsalsoUsetheMVCpattern,usingtheJSP/SerVlet+EJBdevelopmentmodelforWebapplicationdevelopment,fromthedesignofthestructure,thepatterntothecomponentsconsideredinreusability,systemhasgoodmaintainability,scalability,reusabilityofcodeanddesign.Inaddition,sonlineregistrationsystem.MostofthemadoptthesesystemsHierarchicalstructureandbasedoncomponenttechnology,thepurposeistoimprovethemaintainabilityofthesystem,scalability,reusabilityofthecode.Onthecourseselectionalgorithm,alotofonlinecourseselectionsystemhasusedthemethodofrandomlyselected,namelyeachcoursenotlimitedCourseselectiononthenumberofstudents,throughtheprimary,thealgorithmtochoosethe6courseclassmateshavelimitedplaces,additionalstudentsforthesecondcourseagain.Anotheralgorithmisfirstcome,firstservicealgorithms,thisalgorithmissimilartotheticketsystem,whofirsttowhofirstboughttickets,ticketssoldoutsofar.Loginfirstelectivesystemhasthepoweroftheprioritytoregister,registertheresultsdirectlyintocourseselectionresulttable.Toregisteracoursenumberreachesthelimitofthenumber,thenthecourseautomaticallystopchoosingcourses.Thealgorithmdesignofelectivecourseselectionsystemresultsassociatedwiththetimeofcourse,whofirstloginsystemismostlikelytochoosetoyoursatisfaction.Studentcourseselectionandscoremanagementsystem,usingthealgorithmoffirstcome,firstservicelimitedquotaofelectivecourses,eachcourseisfullornot,thatisfirstcome,firstservedprincipleofcourseofstudy,sothatwecanreducethenumberofelectiverepeatedmanytimes,andcommonsense,makethecoursesetting,courseselectionistransparent,isadvantageoustothecourseofstandardization.StudentcourseselectionandscoremanagementsystembasedonWebbymeansofmoderninformationtechnology,inordertoimprovethecourseandintoPerformancemanagementoftheworkqualityandefficiencyasthegoal,USESadvancedhardwareequipment,ofcourse,coursearrangement,andperformance.Suchasthecomputercontrolandmanagement.Userscanbeinanyplace,throughacomputerconnectedtotheInternetbrowserusingthesystem,thusforstudents,teachersandeducationaladministrationpersonneltoprovideaconvenientcoursesandmanagementplatform.Throughtheuseofthesystemcanmakethecurriculummanagementworkstandardization,systematizationandsequencing,avoidcoursesmanagementconceptions:canrealizecentralizedmanagementanddecentralizedoperation,improvetheefficiencyofthecourseandresultmanagement,increasetheaccuracyoftheinformation,andcansaveresources.Themainworkdoneintheresearchareasfollows:1.Asystematicstudyandresearchthetheory,conceptsandtechniquesusedinthesystemdevelopment.FurtherstudyoftheJava,Jsp,Html,JavaSeript,Tomcat,MySQL,etcusedinthesoftwareandtechnology.72.Theschoolcourseselectionandperformancemanagementfortheactualsurvey.Fromthetechnicalfeasibility,economy,society,etc.,hascarriedonthefeasibilityanalysis.3.Basedontheactualneedsofcourseselectionandperformancemanagement,theusersofthesystemisdividedintoadministrators,studentsandteachingDivisionthreecategoriesandhascarriedonthedetaileddemandanalysis.Todeterminethebasicfunctionofthesystemandthedivisionoffunctionmodules.Completedtheoperationprocessofthefunctionmodulesdesign,directories,andpackagestructuredesign,andinterfacedesign.4.UsetheopensourceMySQLServer5.0databasemanagementsystemtocreatethedatabaseofthesystem.Incourseselection,gradesandclassdefinesseveralforeignkeyrelationships,increasethesystemintegrityconstraints,apartoftomodifyisautomaticallytriggeredsystemtomodifytherelevantpartofthechain.5.B/Sthreelayerarchitectureisadoptedtoaccomplishsystemcode.UseJSP+JavaBean+Servletdevelopmentmode,namelytheJSPModel2mode,separatethepresentationlayerandbusinesslogiclayerinthesystem,makesthesystemhasstrongmaintainabilityandextensibility.Therealizationofelectivefirst-come-first-servedalgorithmisadopted.6.Usingthemethodofblackboxtesting,completethetestingworkasthemainfunctionofsystem.Systeminthedesignprocessinevitablyencounteredallsortsofproblems,becauseofthewholesystemsetbytheindividualPlandevelopment,manydetailsaboutJavamustdependononeselftogropefor,togetherwithmylevelislimited,didnotfullyunderstandthepowerofJava,asaresult,systemalsohasmanydisadvantages.Suchas:1.Thedevelopmentconditions,thesystemusingonlytheMySQLServer5.0localdatabasemanagementsystem,Itwithawebserverinthesamesystem.2.Thesystemmodulepartitionisclear,butintheprocessofimplementationandmoreredundantcode,differentmouldBlocktheJavaBeanclasseshavemorerepeatthelogicinthecode.83.Whensomeofthedatainputdataformatisnottimelycheck,canguaranteethedatainputForcorrectness.4.Duetothetimeandmyabilityislimited,theimperfectionofthesystemfunctions,systemofbindingisweak,Isnotveryconvenienttouse,forinstance,doesnotimplementmultiplerecordsofvolumeandthedeleteandadddataimportfunction.Thereisacertaindistanceawayfromtheactualuse,thesystemneedstobeconstantlysupplementandperfect.Furtherimplementationofthesystem,weshouldstrengthentheintegrityofthedata,improvethecorrectnessofthesystemdata,tostrengthentheinspectionofuserinputdata.Infollow-upstudiesneedtoimprove,inordertoimprovetheperformanceofthesystem,therelationshipbetweenthecomponentsismoreharmonious.9中文翻译随着现代信息技术的快速发展，信息的自动处理以及网络式的信息交互方式越来越被人们认可和应用。用计算机来管理学生的信息是现在各个高校都在积极进行的工作之一，各高校纷纷建立以计算机网络通讯为基础的信息管理和服务平台，用来辅助教学、科研和管理等各种活动。随着高校教育体制的不断改革，尤其是选课制、学分制的展开和深入，学生选课及成绩管理工作日趋繁重、复杂。因此，以现代信息技术环境为依托，将选课管理与现代网络技术相融合，开发一套适应学分制管理模式下的网络化的选课系统，不但是顺应时代发展的方向，而且是学分制管理模式下，随着学校规模不断扩大课程管理的客观要求。随着计算机技术的进步与发展以及IntranetIntemet技术的只益成熟，Internet的普及，人们利用网络来实现相互之间的协同工作以及资源共享越来越成为不可扭转的趋势，因特网已经深入到我们生活的各个领域。Web技术在不断的发展，越来越多的用户开始采用Web技术进行自己的信息系统建设。学校是培养人才的重要基地，如何把信息技术和教育很好的结合起来，把信息网络和先进的计算机技术引入学校，是摆在人们面前的重要课题。高校教育制度在不断改革，传统的学年制逐渐被学分制取代。目前，学分制在高校已经普遍实行。随着学校规模的不断扩大，尤其是选课制、学分制的展开和深入，学生选课及成绩管理工作同趋繁重、复杂。传统的手工选课方式是教务处发放选课表到各系各班，由学生选课，选课结束后，汇总到教务教务人员统计各门课的选课人数；由于选课时不知道所选课程人数是否已满，要等向教务处上报统计后才会知道，然后才能重新选课；两次选课完成后，由教务管理人员集中输入到计算机中进行统一处理，安排上课时间和地点，打印选课一览表和学生名册，这些工作大都由人工完成，耗时长，工作量大，且繁琐。期未，任课教师要填写考试成绩单并上交教务处，再由教务管理人员录入计算机，这项工作也给教师和教务工作人员带来不少工作量。因此，利用计算机技术和因特网技术相结合对学生选课及成绩进行管理不但是是顺应时代发展的方向，而且是学校规模不断扩大情况下课程管理的客观要求。随着校园数字化建设的发展，部分学校的学生选课及成绩管理已由手工处理方式转换为计算机管理方式。但传统的网上选课及成绩管理系统大部分采用ASP、PHP、VBScript、JavaScript等编程技耗用这些编程技术开发的网上选课系统均在不同程度上存在程序复用程度低、重复劳动大、浏览速度慢、系统安全性差、不易扩展等缺陷和不足，严重制约了选课及成绩管理系统建设工程的发展。目前国内主要采用Java和net技术来丌发Web应用系统。这两项技术都可以建立动态、稳定、性能强大且易于升级和维护的网络应用系统。Java技术中的JSP技术是由Sun公司倡导、许多公司参与一起建立的一种技术标准，与传统的网上选课及成绩