外文翻译-混合单片机智能家居监控系统的设计与实现

0外文资料DesignandImplementationofSmartHomeMonitoringSystemMixedSingleMicrocontrollerYinpingJiangAbstract-Thispaperproposesanovelsmart-hornemonitoringsystembasedonMSP430,whichimplementsZigBeestacktobuildnetworkandgathersinformationthroughthetemperatureandhumidity,methane,smoke,lightandinfraredsensors.Thissystemsatisfiestheneedforhousesecurityindailylife.Thispaperexpoundsthehardwaredesign,Softwareflowchartandtestresults.Accordingtothemeasureddata,thissystemhasastrongpracticalvalueandhasadvantagesofhighprecision,lowpowerandfullcoverage.Keywords-ZigBee;MSP430;smarthomemonitoringINTRODUCTIONWiththedevelopmentofpeopleslivingstandard,therequestsforsafetyandcomfortinhouseholdenvironmentgetstrongerandstronger.Householdenvironmentconsistsoftemperature,humidity,lightintensity,etc.Meanwhiletheunsuitabletemperature,humidity,lightintensityandharmfulgas(e.g.methane)destroythehouseholdenvironment.Inordertokeepthehouseholdenvironmentcomfortableandsafe,peopleusuallyadjustthetemperatureandhumiditymanuallywhichisobviouslyinbadprecision.Thesecurityofhouseisaccomplishedbyinstallinganti-theftlockandprotectiveguard.Accordingtothissituation,wedesignanewintelligenthouseholdmonitoringsysteminthispaper.Hereseveralhigh-precisionwirelesssensorterminalnodesareadoptedwithZigBeeprotocol,whichorganizeswirelessnetwork.Besidesrouterscantransmitwirelessdataviamultihopthroughlongdistance.CoordinatorisinchargeofsensordatacollectingandstoringinPC.Thissystemoccupiesthecommandofreal-timemonitoringinhouseholdenvironment,whichavoidsvariousshortagesinartificialadjustments,andsolvestheproblemsexistinginpacketdataprocessingcentrally.Inconclusion,thissystempossessesastrongpracticalvalueandhastheadvantagesofhighprecision,lowpowerandfullcoverage.ZigBeeintroductionZigBeenetworkincluding3kindsofdevice:coordinator,routerandterminalnode.TheremustbeacoordinatorinasingleZigBeenetwork,whichisinchargeofconfirmingthechannelandnetworkidentifier,tosetupawirelessnetworktopologystructure.Theroutercouldeitherjointhenetworkasgeneralequipmentoractasmultihoprouterwhichassiststhedatatransmissionofdevicenodes.Thedevicenodeisinchargeofdetailfunctionimplementationlikedatacollectionandprimaryprocessing2.ThetopologystructureofZigBeenetworkismanagedbyitsnetworklayer,whichcouldbestartopologyorpoint-to-pointtopologyspecifiedinIEEE1802.15.4.Thepoint-to-pointnetworkcouldformdifferentshapesofnetwork,likenetworktopology(alldevicesarefull-functiondeviceswhichcouldactasrouterorsensornode)ortreetopology(somenodesaresimplifiedasdatacollectionequipment),throughthelimitationofsomefunctionsinthedevice.B.SystemArchitectureThecompletedintelligenthouseholdmonitoringsystemiscomposedofmonitoringhostinthemonitoringroomandhierarchicalZigBeenetwork.Thetopofthenetworkisthemonitoringhost,intumdownareZigBeecoordinator,routerandsensornode.Thesystemnetworkstructureisshowninfigure1.Thecoordinatorinfigure1isconnectedtothemonitoringcomputerbyUART;therouterslocateineachroomandcorridor;thesensornodesaredistributedineachmonitoringstationsofthefamily.Duetotheusageofdrybatterypowersupplybytheterminalnode,inordertoavoidtheunevendistributionofpowerconsumptioninthenetworkcausedbyoutofcontrolofnetworktopologyandmeanwhileimprovethereliabilityofthedatatransmission,thenetworkcouldbeseparatedintoanumberofsmallstarnetworks.Eachstarnetworkisdefinedasagroup,eachgroupsetstherouternodeasthecentralnode,therouternodecollectsandprocessesthedatauploadedbysensornodes,andsendthedatatotheZigBeecoordinator.Thecoordinatorsendsthedatatomonitoringhostandthehostprocessesandstoresthedata.HARDWAREDESIGNThehardwarecircuitsadoptmodulardesignwhichisdividedintothe3parts:thebaseboardofMSP430nodes,sensormoduleandRFmodule.ThebaseboardoftheMSP430nodeisresponsibleforthecontrolanddatatransmissionofthesensormoduleandRFmodule.Differenttypesofsensorsareintegratedintothesensormodules.ThesensormoduleandtheRFmoduleconnecttothebaseboardthroughtheconnectors.A.BaseboardofMPS430nodeThebaseboardofMPS430nodeusesMSP530F5438processor.TheMSP430F5xxchipfamilyofTexasInstrumentsisofl6-bitmicrocontrollerssetwhichhavelowpowerfeaturesandinthe1.8V-3.6VoperatingvoltagerangetheMSP530F5438processorcanperformashighas25MIPS.Thebaseboardofthenodeisresponsibleforthedataacquisition,processingandnetworktransmissioncontrol.Thestructure2ofMSP430nodebaseboardisshowninFigure2.Figure2.ThestructureofMSP430nodebaseboardTheexternalsensormoduleconnectstotheMSP430F5438sADinterfacethroughYC8K6Zplug-inonthebaseboard.TheinternalsensormoduleandRFmoduleconnecttothebaseboardthroughconnectors.B.RFmoduleinterfacedesignThewirelesscommunicationmoduleusesthechipofCCllOlwhichisthelatesthigh-performancewirelesscommunicationschipsofChipconwithflexiblebaudrate.Itstransmissiondistanceisupto300-500metersintheopenground.CCll01alsohasthefunctionofwake-onwirelessandhasreceivingsensitivityof-llOdBm.TheCCllOlhashighreliabilityandcouldbeusedinvarioussituationsofshort-rangewirelesscommunications.Thissystemadoptsmodulardesignapproachtodesignhardware,andembedstheRFmoduletobaseboardthroughconnectors.TheantennaconnectstotheRFmodulethroughU.FLconnector.TheconnectionbetweenCCIIOIandMSP430isshowinpicture3(SPImode).Figure3.ConnectionbetweenCC1101andMSP430C.SensormoduledesignSmarthomemonitoringsystemusesthetemperatureandhumidity,methane,smoke,lightandinfraredsensors.Differentsensorshavedifferentpowerconsumptionandsize.Inordertolowerthepowerconsumptionwedesigninternalandexternalsensormoduleinterfaces.Thesensorswhichhassmallsize,lowpower3consumptionanddontneedtobeusedinopenenvironmentareintegratedintheinternalsensormodulethatlocatedinsidethesensornode.Onthecontrastthesensorswhichhaslargesize,highpowerconsumptionanddoneedtobeusedinopenenvironmentareintegratedintheexternalsensormodulethatlocatedoutsidethesensornodethroughYC8K6Zplug-in.InternalsensormoduleTheinternalsensorsincludelight,temperatureandhumiditysensors.ThissystemadoptsSHT71digitaltransducerasthetemperatureandhumiditysensorwhichintegratestemperaturesensor,humiditysensor,14bitsAIDconverterandSerialinterfacecircuit.TheresolutionratioontemperatureandhumidityofSHT7lareupto14bitsand12bits,withthemeasurementrange-40+123.8candO100%RH.Inthissystem,themeasurementresolutionontemperatureandhumidityarel2bitsand8bitswithmeasureprecisionof0.04cand0.4%RH4.TherelativehumidityoutputofSHT7lhascertainnonlinearcharacter,andinordertogetaccuratedata,wecouldfixthehumiditybyusing(1):WhentemperatureT*25C,weneedtodotemperature,RHTistherelativehumiditywhentemperatureisT.ThetemperaturesensorofSHT7lhavegoodlinearcharacter,whenthesupplypoweris3V,wecoulduse(3)toconverttemperaturedigitaloutputtoactualtemperature.TistheactualtemperatureCC).TheconnectionbetweenSHT71digitalsensorandprocessorisshowninfigure4.Figure4.ConnectionbetweenSHT71digitalsensorandprocessorExternalsensormoduleExternalsensorsincludemethane,smokeandinfraredsensorswhichconnectedtothebaseboardofmsp430throughYC8K6Zplug-in.Thethreekindsofsensorsareallanalogoutput.TheMSP430F5438usestheinchipADmoduletoprocessthedata.ThecorrespondinginputpinsareP7.4,P7.5,P7.6,P7.7.Thephotooftheexternalsensormoduleisshowninfigure5.4Figure5.ThephotooftheexternalsensormoduleIV.SOFTWAREDESIGNWeusetheIAREW430V4.20softwaredevelopmentplatformtorealizeandsimplifYtheZigBeeprotocolstacktomeetthelowpowerconsumptionrequirementsofwirelesssensornetwork.CoordinatorsoftwaredesignThecoordinator,whichisresponsibleforthenetworksestablishmentandmanagement,sendsthedatacollectedbythenetworktothemonitoringhostthroughUARTandsetsgatheringparametersbytheordersfromthemonitoringhost.Whenthenetworkisformed,thecoordinatorturnsintolisteningstate.Onceanewnodejoinsthenetwork,thecoordinatorwillupdateroutertable.Whenreceivingnewdatapacket,thecoordinatorwillsendthedatapackettothemonitoringhost.Thecoordinatorprogramflowchartisshowninfigure6.Figure6.CoordinatorprogramflowchartRoutersoftwaredesignTheroutersleepsinun-workingstate,andinworkingstateitforwardsdatapacketfromsensornodeandcoordinatorinmulti-hopway.Afternodeinitialization,therouterrequeststojointhenetwork.Oncetherouterreceivesaacknowledgmentframe,itwilltumintolowpowermodeandforwardsdatapacket.Therouterprogramflowchartisshowninfigure7.5Figure7.RouterprogramflowchartC.SensornodesoftwaredesignThesensornodeisresponsiblefordatacollectionandtransmission.Thesensornodesetsdifferentcollectionperiodaccordingtotheoperatingfrequency.Oncethesensornodeturnsintocollectionperiod,whichreadsdatafromsensorandsenddatatotherouter.Thesensornodeprogramflowchartisshowninfigure8.Figure8.SensornodeprogramflowchartTESTINGRESULTSThissystemadoptstemperatureandhumidity,methane,smoke,lightandinfraredsensors,wetesttheperformanceofallthesensors.Thetemperatureandhumidityisthetypicalcharacteristicsoftheindoorenvironment,sowetaketemperatureandhumidityasexampletoillustratethetestresults.Table1table2aretemperatureandrelativehumiditytestresults.TABLEI.TEMPERATURETESTINGRESULTS(THERELATIVEHUMIDITYIS6ThetestingresultsillustratethatthissystemhaslargemeasuringrangeandhighprecisionwhichcomplieswiththerequirementsofthehouseholdenvironmentmonitoringTheresultsofsystemnetworkcommunicationperformancetesting:Systemtransmissionpoweris10dBm,thereceivingsensitivityis-105dBm,inashelteredindoorenvironmentthecommunicationsbetweenthetwonodesismorethan30m,Thefarthestterminaldatatransmissiondelaytimeislessthan0.2s.Thetestingresultscomplywiththepracticalrequirementsofthehouseholdenvironmentmonitoring.VI.CONCLUSIONThispaperpresentsasmarthomemonitoringsystembasedonmsp430,whichcouldmonitormultipleareasandmultiplephysicalquantities.Thesystemcomplieswiththerequirementsoflongtimemonitoringbecauseofitslowpowerfeature.Thissystemiseasytouseandhasgoodreliabilityandreal-timefeatures.Duetothemodulardesignofhardwareandsoftware,inthepracticalusage,thesystemcould,inneed,extendsensormoduletomonitoringotherparametersinthehouseholdenvironment(1ikethedensityofnitricoxide),andalsothesystemcouldchangeRFmoduletoaccomplishlowerpowerconsumptionorlongertransmissiondistance.Thissystemhasgoodpracticalapplicabilityandexpandabilitywhichpromotestheintelligenthouseholdmonitoringsystemtodeveloptotheautomatic,intelligentdirection.7REFERENCES1WEIXiao.MSP430MCUMadaptertechnologyandsystemdesign:Beijing:BeijingsaerospaceUniversityPress,2002.2Hucan.MSP430MCUMCProgrammingLanguageDesignandDevelopment.Beijing:BeijingsaerospaceUniversityPress,2002.3Matthewwater.Wiegandetalsensorprincipleandapplication.J,1999Instrumentandsensortechnology,(9)6-7.ZhangFructusPolygoni.4MGasflowmeasurement.Beijing:PetrochemicalPress,1995.5R.S.Medlock.ThehistoricaldevelopmentofflowmeteringJ.Measurement+Control,1997.0中文译文摘要：本文提出了一种基于MSP430单片机的新型智能霍恩监测系统，通过温度、湿度、甲烷、烟、光和红外传感器实现了ZigBee协议栈的网络和收集信息。该系统满足了日常生活中对房屋安全的要求。本文阐述了硬件设计、软件流程图和测试结果的过程。根据所测得的数据，该系统具有很强的实用价值，具有高精度、低功耗、全覆盖等优点。关键词：Zigbee；MSP430单片机；智能家居监控1、引言随着人们生活水平的不断发展，人们所居住的家庭环境对安全性和舒适性的要求越来越高。家庭环境包括温度、湿度、光照强度等，同时不适宜的温度、湿度、光照强度和有害气体（如甲烷）破坏了家庭环境。为了保持家居环境舒适、安全，人们通常手动调节温度和湿度，这显然是不准确的。而房子的安全是通过安装防盗锁和防护罩来完成的。根据这种情况，我们设计了一种新型的智能家居监控系统的研究。在这里的几个高精度无线传感器终端节点采用ZigBee协议，组织无线网络。此外，路由器可以通过长距离的多跳传输无线数据负责传感器数据的采集和存储，该系统占用了家庭环境的实时监控，避免了人工调整中出现的各种不足，解决了数据包数据处理中存在的问题。总之，该系统具有很强的实用价值，具有高精度、低功耗、全覆盖的优点。二、整体设计zigbee介绍ZigBee网络包括3种设备：协调器、路由器和终端节点，其中必须有一个ZigBee网络协调器，它是在确定的渠道和网络标识的费用上建立一个无线网络拓扑结构。路由器可以加入网络作为一般的设备或作为多跳路由器，协助设备节点的数据传输。设备节点再负责详细的功能，如数据采集和原处理。ZigBee网络的拓扑结构是由它的网络层管理，这可能是星型拓扑结构或点对点的拓扑结构中指定的IEEE802.15.4。点对点网络通过在设备中的一些功能的限制，可以形成不同的网络形态，如网络拓扑结构（所有的设备都可以作为路由器或传1感器节点）或树的拓扑结构（一些节点被简化为数据采集设备）。系统结构完成的智能家居监控系统是由在监控室和分层的ZigBee网络的主机监控。在网络上的监控主机，在TUM下ZigBee协调器、路由器和传感器节点。系统网络结构如图1所示。图1系统网络结构图1中的协调与监控计算机通过UART路由器定位在每个房间和走廊、传感器节点分布在各监测站的家庭。由于采用了干电池供电的终端节点，为了避免由于网络拓扑结构的控制而造成的不均匀分布的电力消耗，同时提高数据传输的可靠性，网络可分为若干小星星网络。每个星型网络被定义为一组，每组设置路由器节点为中心节点、路由器节点的数据采集和处理由传感器节点，并将数据发送到ZigBee协调器。而协调器将数据发送到监控主机和主机处理并存储数据。三、硬件设计硬件电路采用模块化设计，分为3个部分：MSP430单片机节点的踢脚线、传感器模块和射频模块，MSP430的节点板负责控制和数据传输的传感器模块和射频模块。不同类型的传感器被集成到传感器模块。传感器模块和射频模块通过连接器连接到基板。mps430节点底板MSP430为核心节点底板使用msp530f5438处理器。德克萨斯仪器MSP430F5xx芯片家族是16位微控制器设置有低功耗的特点和在1.8V-3.6V工作电压范围的msp530f5438处理器可以执行无误为高。踢脚线的节点负责数据的采集、处理和网络传输控制。MSP430单片机节点底板的结构如图2所示。2图2ofmsp430节点底板结构外部传感器模块连接到MSP430F5438的AD接口通过yc8k6z插件在底板上。内部传感器模块和射频模块通过连接器连接到基板。射频模块接口设计无线通信模块采用ccllol这是最新的高性能无线通信芯片与柔性的波特率Chipcon芯片。它的传输距离可达300-500米的开阔地。ccll01也唤醒功能和无线接收灵敏度-llodbm。的ccllol具有可靠性高，可用于短距离无线通信的各种情况。本系统采用模块化的设计方法来设计硬件，并嵌入射频模块用连接器。美国佛罗里达州的天线通过连接器连接到射频模块。cciioi和MSP430单片机之间的连接是在图3中显示（SPI模式）。图3CC1101andmsp430之间的连接传感器模块设计智能家庭监控系统使用的温度和湿度，甲烷，烟雾，光和红外线传感器。不同的传感器具有不同的功耗和尺寸。为了降低功耗，我们设计了内部和外部的传感器模块接口。该传感器具有体积小、功耗低、不需要在开放环境下使用的传感器，集成在传感器节点内部的内部传感器模块中。在对比度的传感器具3有体积大、功耗高、不需要使用在开放环境中集成了外部传感器模块位于传感器节点通过yc8k6z插件。1）内部传感器模块内部传感器包括光，温度和湿度传感器。本系统采用SHT71数字传感器的温度和湿度传感器，集成了温度传感器、湿度传感器、14位A/D转换器、串行接口电路。温湿度SHT7l分辨率高达14位和12位，与测量范围40+123.8C和100%相对湿度。在这个系统中，对温度和湿度的测量精度l2bits和8位和0.04C和相对湿度0.4%4测量精度。对SHT7l相对湿度输出具有一定的非线性，为了得到准确的数据，我们可以使用固定的湿度（1）：rhlinear=4+0.648x7.2x10-4sorhXH（1）rhlinear修订后的相对湿度，和sorh测量相对湿度值。当温度为25C时，我们需要做温度补偿为（2）RHT=rhlinear+（TOC-25）（0.01+0.00128xsorh）（2）rhtis相对湿度在温度T。对SHT7l温度传感器具有良好的线性特性，当电源为3V，我们可以用（3）将温度数字输