【人教版】高一英语必修一课文

精品文档 1欢迎下载 必修一 Unit1 Anne s Best Friend Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to like your deepest feeli ngs and thoughts Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you or wou ld not understand what you are going through Anne Frank wanted the first kind so she made her diary her best friend Anne lived in Amsterdam in the Netherlands during World War Her family was Jewish so nearly twenty five months before they were discovered During that time the only true friend was her diary She said I don t want to set down a series of facts in a dia ry as most people do but I want this diary itself to be my friend and I shall call my friend Kitty Now read how she felt after being in the hiding place s ince July 1942 Thursday 15th June 1944 Dear Kitty I wonder if it s because I haven t been able to be outdoors for so long that I ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky the song of the birds moonlight and flo wers could never have kept me spellbound That s changed since I was here For example one evening when it was so warm I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven in order to have a good look at the moon by my self But as t he moon gave far too much light I didn t dare open a window Another time five months ago I happened to be upstairs at dusk when the window was open I didn t go downstairs until the window bad to be shut The dark rainy evening the wind the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power it was the first t ime in a year and a half that I d seen the night face to face Sadly I am only able to look at nature through dirty curtains hanging befor e very dusty windows It s no pleasure looking through these any longer because nature is one thing that really must be experienced Yours Anne 精品文档 2欢迎下载 第一单元 友谊 Reading 安妮最好的朋友 你是不是想有一位无话不谈能推心置腹的朋友呢 或者你是不是担心你的朋友会嘲笑你 会不理解你目前的困境呢 安妮 弗兰克想要的是第一种类型的朋友 于是她就把日记当 成了她最好的朋友 安妮在第二次世界大战期间住在荷兰的阿姆斯特丹 她一家人都是犹 太人 所以他们不得不躲藏起来 否则他们就会被德国纳粹抓去 她和她的家人躲藏了两 年之后才被发现 在这段时间里 她唯一的忠实朋友就是她的日记了 她说 我不愿像大 多数人那样在日记中记流水账 我要把这本日记当作我的朋友 我要把我这个朋友称作基 蒂 安妮自从 1942 年 7 月起就躲藏在那儿了 现在 来看看她的心情吧 亲爱的基蒂 我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故 我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比 狂热 我记得非常清楚 以前 湛蓝的天空 鸟儿的歌唱 月光和鲜花 从未令我心迷神 往过 自从我来到这里 这一切都变了 比方说 有天晚上天气很暖和 我熬到 11 点半故意不睡觉 为的是独自好好看看月亮 但是因为月光太亮了 我不敢打开窗户 还有一次 就在五个月以前的一个晚上 我碰巧 在楼上 窗户是开着的 我一直等到非关窗不可的时候才下楼去 漆黑的夜晚 风吹雨打 雷电交加 我全然被这种力量镇住了 这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚 令人伤心的是 我只能透过脏兮兮的窗帘观看大自然 窗帘悬挂在沾满灰尘的窗 前 但观看这些已经不再是乐趣 因为大自然是你必须亲身体验的 Using Language Reading listening and writing 亲爱的王小姐 我同班上的同学有件麻烦事 我跟我们班里的一位男同学一直相处很好 我们常常一起做 家庭作业 而且很乐意相互帮助 我们成了非常好的朋友 可是 其他同学却开始在背后 议论起来 他们说我和这位男同学在谈恋爱 这使我很生气 我不想中断这段友谊 但是 我又讨厌人家背后说闲话 我该怎么办呢 Reading and writing 尊敬的编辑 我是苏州高中的一名学生 我有一个难题 我不太善于同人们交际 虽然我的确试着去跟 班上的同学交谈 但是我还是发现很难跟他们成为好朋友 因此 有时候我感到十分孤独 我确实想改变这种现状 但是我却不知道该怎么办 如果您能给我提些建议 我会非常感 激的 精品文档 3欢迎下载 Unit2 the Road to Modern English At the end of the 16th century about five to seven million people spoke Engli sh Nearly all of them lived in England Later in the next century people from England made voyages to conquer other parts of the world and because of that English began to be spoken in many other countries Today more people speak E nglish as their first second or a foreign language than ever before Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don t speak the same kind of English Look at this example British Betty Would you like to see my flat American Amy Yes I d like to come up to you apartment So why has English changed over time Actually all languages change and develo p when cultures meet and communicate with each other At fist the English spoke n in England between about AD 450 and 1150 was very different from the English spoken today It was base more on German than the English we speak at present Then gradually between about AD 500 and 1150 English became less like German b ecause those who ruled England spoke first Danish and later French These new s ettlers enriched the English language and especially its vocabulary So by the 1600 s Shakespeare was able to make use of a wider vocabulary than ever before In 1620 some British settlers moved to America Later in the 18th century some British people were taken to Australia to English began to be spoken in both countries Finally by the 19th century the language was settled At that time two big cha nges in English spelling happened first Samuel Johnson wrote his dictionary an d later Noah Webster wrote The American Dictionary of the English language The latter gave a separate identity to American English spelling English now is also spoken as a foreign or second language in South Asia For example India has a very large number of fluent English speakers because Brita 精品文档 4欢迎下载 in ruled India from 1765 to 1947 During that time English became the language for government and education English is also spoken in Singapore and Malaysia and countries in Africa such as South Africa Today the number of people learni ng English in China is increasing rapidly In fact China may have the largest number of English learners Will Chinese English develop its own identity Only time will tell 第二单元 世界上的 英语 Reading 通向现代英语之路 16 世纪末期大约有 5 百万到 7 百万人说英语 几乎所 有这些人都 生活在英国 后来 在 17 世纪英国人开始航海征服了世界其它地区 于是 许多别的国家 开始说英语了 如今说英语的人比以往任何时候都多 他们有的是作为第一语言来说 有 的是作为第二语言或外语 以英语作为母语的人 即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同 也可 以互相交流 请看以下例子 英国人贝蒂 请到我的公寓 flat 里来看看 好吗 美国人艾米 好的 我很乐意到你的公寓 apartment 去 那么 英语在一段时间 里为什么会起变化呢 事实上 当不同文化互相交流渗透时 所有的语言都会有所发展 有所变化 首先 在公元 450 年到 1150 年间 人们所说的英语跟今天所说的英语就很不一 样 当时的英语更多地是以德语为基础的 而现代英语不是 然后 渐渐地 大约在公元 800 年到 1150 年期间 英语不那么像德语了 因为那时的英国的统治者起初讲丹麦语后来 讲法语 这些新的定居者大大丰富了英语语言 特别是在词汇方面 所以到 17 世纪 莎士 比亚所用的词汇量比以前任何时期都大 在 1620 年 一些英国人搬迁到美洲定居 后来 到了 19 世纪 有些英国人也被送往澳大利亚 两个国家的人都开始说英语了 最后 到 20 世纪 英语才真正定形 那时 英语在拼写上发生了两大变化 首先 塞缪尔 约翰逊 编写了词典 后来 诺厄 韦伯斯特编纂了 美国英语词典 后者体现了美国英语拼写的 不同特色 现在 英语在南亚也被当作外语或第二语言来说 比如说 印度拥有众多讲英 语很流利的人 这是因为英国于 1765 年到 1947 年统治过印度 在那期间 英语成了官方 语言和 精品文档 5欢迎下载 教育用语 在新加坡 马来西亚和非洲其它国家 比如南非 人们也说英语 目前在 中国学习英语的人数正在迅速增长 事实上 中国可能拥有世界上最多的英语学习者 中 国英语会发展出自己的特色吗 这只能由时间来回答了 Using Language 标准英语和方 言 什么是标准英语 是在英国 美国 加拿大 澳大利亚 印度 新西兰所说的英语吗 信不信由你 世界上 没有什么标准英语 许多人认为 电视和收音机里所说的就是标准 英语 这是因为在早期的电台节目里 人们期望新闻播音员所说的英语是最好的英语 然 而 在电视和收音机里 你也会听出人们在说话时的差异 当人们用不同于 标准语言 的词语时 那就叫做方言 美国英语有许多方言 特别是中西部和南部地区的方言 以及 黑人和西班牙人的方言 在美国有些地区 即使是相邻城镇的两个人所说的语言都可能稍 有不同 美国英语之所以有这么多的方言是因为美国人是来自世界各地的缘故 地理位 置对方言的产生也有影响 住在美国东部山区的一些人说着比较古老的英语方言 当美国 人从一个地方搬到另一个地方时 他们也就把他们的方言随着带去了 因此 美国东南部 山区的人同美国西北部的人所说的方言就几乎相同 美国是一个使用多种方言的大国 虽 然许多美国人经常搬迁 但是他们仍然能够辨别 理解彼此的方言 Unit3 Journey Down the Mekong My name is Wang Kun Ever since middle school my sister Wang Wei and I have dreamed about taking a great bike trip Two years ago she bought an expensive 精品文档 6欢迎下载 mountain bike and then she persuaded me to buy one Last year she visited our cousins Dao Wei and Yu Hang at their college if Kunming They are Dai and grew up in western Yunnan Province near the Lancang River the Chinese part of the river that is called the Mekong River in other countries Wang Wei soon got time interested in cycling too After graduating from college we finally got the chance to take a bike trip I asked my sister Where are we going It was my sister who first had the idea to cycle along the entire Mekong River from where it begins to where it ends Now she is planning our schedule for the trip I am fond of my sister but she has one serious shortcoming She can be really stubborn Although she didn t know the best way of getting to places she insisted that she organize the trip properly Now I know that the proper way is always her way I kept asking her When are we leaving and when are we coming back I asked her whether she had looked at a map yet Of course she hadn t my sister doesn t care about details So I told her that the source of the Mekong is in Qinghai Province She gave me a determined look the kind that said she would not change her mind When I told her that our journey would begin at an altitude of more than 5 000 meters she seemed to be excited about it When I told her the air would be hard to breathe and it would be very cold she said it would be an interesting experience I know my sister well Once she has made up her mind nothing can change it Finally I had to give in Several months before our trip Wang Wei and I went to the library We found a large atlas with good maps that showed details of world geography From the atlas we could see that the Mekong River begins in a glacier to move quickly It becomes rapids as it passes through deep valleys traveling across western Yunnan Province Sometimes the river becomes a water fall and enters wide valleys We were both surprised to learn that half of the river is in China After it leaves China and high altitude the Mekong becomes wide brown and warm As it enters Southeast Asia its pace slows It makes wide bends or meanders through low valleys to the plains where rice grows At last the river delta enters the South China Sea 精品文档 7欢迎下载 第三单元 游记 Reading 沿湄公河而下的旅程 第一部分梦想与计划 我的名字叫王坤 从高中起 我姐姐王薇和我就一直梦想作一次伟大的自行车旅行 两年 前 她买了一辆昂贵的山地自行车 然后还说服我买了一辆 山地车 去年她去看望了我 们的表兄弟 在昆明读大学的刀卫和宇航 他们是傣族人 在云南省西部靠近澜沧江的 地方长大 湄公河在中国境内的这一段叫澜沧江 在其他国家 境内 叫湄公河 很快 王薇使表兄弟也对骑车旅游产生了兴趣 大学毕业以后 我们终于有了机会骑自行车旅行 我问我姐姐 我们要去哪儿 首先想到要沿湄公河从源头到终点骑车旅游的是我的姐 姐 现在她正在为我们的旅行制定计划 我很喜欢我姐姐 但是她有一个很严重的缺点 她有时确实很固执 尽管她对去某些地 方的最佳路线并不清楚 她却坚持要自己把这次旅游安排得尽善尽美 于是 我就知道这 个尽善尽美的方式总是她的方式 我不停地问她 我们什么时候出发 什么时候回来 我还问她是否看过地图 当然她并没有看过 我的姐姐是不会考虑细节的 于是 我告 诉她 湄公河的源头在青海省 她给了我一个坚定的眼神 这种眼神表明她是不会改变 主意的 我说 我们的旅行将从 5 000 多米的高地出发 这时她似乎显得很兴奋 当我告 诉她那里空气稀薄 呼吸困难 而且天气很冷时 她却说这将是一次有趣的经历 我非常 了解我的姐姐 她一旦下了决心 什么也不能使她改变 最后 我只好让步了 在我们旅行前的几个月 王薇和我去了图书馆 我们找到一本大型地图册 里面有一些世 界地理的明细图 我们从图上可以看到 湄公河发源于西藏一座山上的冰川 起初 江面 很小 河水清澈而冷冽 然后它开始快速流动 它穿过深谷时就变成了急流 流经云南西 部 有时 这条江形成瀑布 进入宽阔的峡谷 我们俩惊奇地发现这条河有一半是在中国 境内 当流出中国 流出高地之后 湄公河就变宽了 变暖了 河水也变成了黄褐色 而 当它进入东南亚以后 流速减缓 河水蜿蜒缓慢地穿过低谷 流向生长稻谷的平原 最后 湄公河三角洲的各支流流入中国南海 Using Language 夜晚的西藏山景 第二部分山中一 宿 虽然是秋天 但是西藏已经开始下雪了 我们的腿又沉又冷 感觉就像大冰块 你看到过 雪人骑自行车吗 我们看上去就像那样 一路上 一些身着羊毛大衣的孩子们停下来看着 我们 下午晚些时候 我们发现由于天冷我们的水壶都冻上了 然而 湖水在落日的余晖 下闪亮如镜 景色迷人 像往常一样 王薇在我的前面 她很可靠 我知道我用不着给她 鼓劲儿 上山很艰难 但是当我们环顾四周 眼前的 景色让我们感到惊奇 我们似乎能 看到几百里以外的地方 在某个时刻 我们发现自己置身高处 彷佛骑车穿越云层 然后 我们开始下山 这非常有趣 特别是天气逐渐变得暖和多了 在山谷里 五彩斑斓的蝴蝶 翩翩飞舞在我们身旁 我们还看到牦牛和羊群在吃草 这时 我们不得不把帽子 外衣 手套和长裤脱掉 换成 T 恤衫和短裤 一到傍晚 我们通常就停下来宿营 于是 我们 先把帐篷支起来 然后吃饭 晚饭后 王薇把头放在枕头上就睡觉了 而我却醒着 半夜 里 天空变得清朗了 星星更亮了 夜晚 非常安静 几乎没有风 只有篝火的火焰和 精品文档 8欢迎下载 我们做伴 当我躺在星空下 我想着我们已经走了多远 我们很快就要到达云南的大理 在那里 我们的表兄弟刀卫和宇航将加入我们的行列 我 们迫不及待地想要见到他们 Unit4 A Night the Earth didn t Sleep Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeast Hebei For three days the water in the village wells rose and fell rose and fell Farmers noticed that the well walls had deep cracks in them A smelly gas came out of the cracks In the farmyards the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide Fish jumped out of their bowls and ponds At about 3 00 am on July 28 1976 some people saw bright lights in the sky The sound of planes could be heard outside the city of Tangshan even when no planes were in the sky In the city the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst But the one million people of the city who thought little of these events were asleep as usual the night At 3 42 am everything began to shake It seemed as if the world was at an end Eleven kilometers directly below the city the greatest earthquake of the 20th century had begun It was felt in Beijing which is more than two hundred kilometers away One third of the nation felt it A huge crack that was eight kilometers long and thirty meters wide cut across houses roads and canals Steam burst from holes in the ground Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins The suffering of the people was extreme Two thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake Thousands of families were killed of injured reached more than 400 000 But how could the survivors believe it was natural Everywhere they looked nearly every thing was destroyed All of the city s hospitals 75 of its factories and buildings and 90 of its homes were gone Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves No wind however could blow them away Two dams fell and most of the bridges also fell or were not safe for 精品文档 9欢迎下载 traveling The railway tracks were now useless pieces of steel Tens of thousands of cows would never give milk again Half a million pigs and millions of chickens were dead Sand now filled the wells instead of water People were shocked Then later that afternoon another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins More buildings fell down Water food and electricity were hard to get People began to wonder how long the disaster would last All hope was not lost Soon after the quakes the army sent 150 000 soldiers of thousands of people were helped The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead To the north of the city most of the 10 000 miners were rescued from the coal mines there Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed Fresh water was taken to the city by train truck and plane Slowly the city began to breathe again 第四单元 地震 Reading 地球的一个不眠之夜 河北省东北部的农村不断有些怪事发生 三天来 村子里的井水升升降降 起起伏伏 农 夫注意到 水井的井壁上有深深的裂缝 裂缝里冒出臭气 农家大院里的鸡 甚至猪都紧张 得不想吃食 老鼠从田地里跑出来找地方藏身 鱼缸和池塘里的鱼会往外跳 在 1976 年 7 月 28 日凌晨 3 点左右 有些人看到天上一道道明亮的光 即使天空没有飞机 在唐山城外 也可以听到飞机声 在市内 有些建筑物里的水管爆裂开来 但是 唐山市的一百万居民 几乎都没有把这些情况当一回事 当天晚上照常睡着了 在凌晨 3 点 42 分 一切都开始摇晃起来 世界似乎到了末日 二十世纪最大的一次地震就 在唐山市正下方 11 公里处发生了 100 公里以外的北京市都感到了地震 全国 1 3 的地 方都有震感 一条 8 公里长 30 米宽的巨大裂缝横穿房舍 马路和渠道 地上一些洞穴冒出 了蒸气 石头山变成了泥沙河 在可怕的 15 秒钟内 一座大城市就沉沦在一片废墟之中 人们遭受的灾难极为深重 2 3 的人在地震中死去或受伤 成千上万个家庭遇难 许多孩 子变成了孤儿 死伤的人数达到 40 多万 精品文档 10欢迎下载 幸存的人们又怎么能相信这是自然现象呢 人们无论朝哪里看 哪里的一切都几乎被毁了 所有的市内医院 75 的工厂和建筑物 90 的家园都消失了 残砖就像秋天的红叶覆盖着 大地 然而它们是不可能被风刮走的 两座大坝垮了 多数桥梁不是塌了就是无法安全通 行了 铁轨如今成了一条条废钢 好几万头牛再也挤不出奶来 50 万头猪和几百万只鸡全 都死了 井里满是沙子 而不是水 人们惊呆了 接着 在下午晚些时候 又一次和第一 次一样的强烈的地震震撼着唐山 有些医生和救援人员被困在废墟下面 更多的房屋倒塌 了 水 电和食物都很难弄到 人们开始纳闷 这场灾难还会持续多久 不是所有的希望都破灭了 地震后不久 部队派了 15 万名战士到唐山来协助救援人员 数 十万的人得到了救助 部队人员组成小分队 将受困的人们挖出来 将死者掩埋 在唐山 市的北边 有一个万名矿工的煤矿 其中多数人得救了 援救人员为那些家园被毁的幸存 者盖起了避难所 用火车 卡车和飞机向市内运来了水 慢慢地 慢慢地 这座城市又开 始出现了生机 Reading and speaking 唐山市政府办公室 亲爱的 恭喜你 我们很高兴地告诉你 你在以新唐山为主题的中学演讲比赛中获得第一名 评委 会的五位评委听了你的演讲 他们都认为你的演讲是今年最好的 你的父母亲和你的学校 会为你而骄傲 下个月我们市将开放一个新公园 以纪念在那次可怕的灾难中死去的人们 并向那些曾经 为幸存者提供过帮助的人们致敬 我们办公室想请你在 7 月 28 日上午 11 点给来公园的参 观者进行演讲 你知道 三十 年前的这一天正是唐山发生地震的日子 在这个特殊的日子里 我们邀请你把家人和朋友一起带来 诚挚的 张沙 Unit5 精品文档 11欢迎下载 Elias Story My name is Elias I am a poor black worker in South Africa The time when I fi rst met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life I was twelve yea rs old It was in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advi ce He offered guidance to poor black people on their legal problems He was ge nerous with his time for which I was grateful I needed his help because I had very little education I began school at six The school where I studied for only two years was three kilometers away I had to leave because my family could not continue to pay the school fees and the bu s fare I could not read or write well After trying hard I got a job in a gol d mine However this was a time when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg Sadly I did not have it because I was not born there and I worr ied about whether I would become out of work The day when Nelson Mandela helped me was one of my happiest He told me how t o get the correct papers so I could stay in Johannesburg I became more hopeful about my future I never forgot how kind Mandela was When he organized the AN C Youth League I joined it as soon as I could He said The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping out rig hts and progress until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no r ights at all It was the truth Black people could not vote or choose their leaders They co ul