Linux入门命令介绍.docx

Linux入门命令1.pwd显示当前目录 rootlocalhost # pwd/root2.cd切换目录1）先查看一下当前目录，然后用cd切换到“/”。rootlocalhost # pwd/rootrootlocalhost # cd /2）从根目录切换到/tmp文件夹，用ls查看文件夹内容rootlocalhost /# cd tmprootlocalhost tmp# lsa b file1.txt file2.txt file3.txt scim-bridge-0.3.0.lockfile-0localhost:0.03）进入文件夹b，cd .命令退出brootlocalhost tmp# cd brootlocalhost b# cd .rootlocalhost tmp# pwd/tmp4）从tmp用命令切换到用户tom的文件夹下rootlocalhost tmp# pwd/tmprootlocalhost tmp# cd tomrootlocalhost tom# pwd/home/tom5）mkdir创建多级目录aa/bb/cc，ls R 是递归显示所有目录 cd ./.是返回上一级目录的上一级，即从cc返回到aa目录rootlocalhost tom# mkdir p aa/bb/cc -rootlocalhost tmp# ls -R.:a aa b file1.txt file2.txt file3.txt scim-bridge-0.3.0.lockfile-0localhost:0.0./aa:bb./aa/bb:cc./aa/bb/cc:./b:rootlocalhost tmp# cd aa/bb/ccrootlocalhost cc# pwd/tmp/aa/bb/ccrootlocalhost cc# lsrootlocalhost cc# cd ./.rootlocalhost aa# pwd/tmp/aa 3ls查看命令1）ls a 查看所有文件（包含隐藏文件）rootlocalhost tmp# ls -a. . a aa b file1.txt file2.txt file3.txt scim-bridge-0.3.0.lockfile-0localhost:0.02）ls l = ll 长格式显示所有文件内容（包含隐藏文件）rootlocalhost tmp# ll总计 12-rw-r-r- 1 root root 0 08-31 15:31 adrwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 08-31 16:07 aadrwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 08-31 15:32 b-rw-r-r- 1 root root 0 08-31 15:30 file1.txt-rw-r-r- 1 root root 0 08-31 15:29 file2.txt-rw-r-r- 1 root root 0 08-31 15:29 file3.txt-rw-r-r- 1 root root 5 08-31 16:17 scim-bridge-0.3.0.lockfile-0localhost:0.03）ls l（同上）rootlocalhost tmp# ls -l总计 12-rw-r-r- 1 root root 0 08-31 15:31 adrwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 08-31 16:07 aadrwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 08-31 15:32 b-rw-r-r- 1 root root 0 08-31 15:30 file1.txt-rw-r-r- 1 root root 0 08-31 15:29 file2.txt-rw-r-r- 1 root root 0 08-31 15:29 file3.txt-rw-r-r- 1 root root 5 08-31 16:17 scim-bridge-0.3.0.lockfile-0localhost:0.04）ls ld长格式显示目录rootlocalhost tmp# ls -lddrwxrwxrwt 4 root root 4096 08-31 16:07 .5）ls l h 的组合，以字节为单位显示信息rootlocalhost tmp# ls -lh总计 12K-rw-r-r- 1 root root 0 08-31 15:31 adrwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4.0K 08-31 16:07 aadrwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4.0K 08-31 15:32 b-rw-r-r- 1 root root 0 08-31 15:30 file1.txt-rw-r-r- 1 root root 0 08-31 15:29 file2.txt-rw-r-r- 1 root root 0 08-31 15:29 file3.txt-rw-r-r- 1 root root 5 08-31 16:17 scim-bridge-0.3.0.lockfile-0localhost:0.06）ls -i列出inode号码rootlocalhost tmp# ls -i1566732 a 1566733 b 1566730 file2.txt 1566734 scim-bridge-0.3.0.lockfile-0localhost:0.01566736 aa 1566723 file1.txt 1566731 file3.txt7）ls -R连同子目录内容全部显示rootlocalhost tmp# ls -R.:a aa b file1.txt file2.txt file3.txt scim-bridge-0.3.0.lockfile-0localhost:0.0./aa:bb./aa/bb:cc./aa/bb/cc:./b:rootlocalhost tmp# ls -s总计 120 a 4 aa 4 b 0 file1.txt 0 file2.txt 0 file3.txt 4 scim-bridge-0.3.0.lockfile-0localhost:0.08）ls -s以文件容量大小排序rootlocalhost tmp# ls -s总计 120 a 4 aa 4 b 0 file1.txt 0 file2.txt 0 file3.txt 4 scim-bridge-0.3.0.lockfile-0localhost:0.04.查看Linux内核版本uname r系统版本cat /proc/redhat-release详细信息lsb_release arootlocalhost /# uname -r2.6.18-348.el5【注】2-主版本号，6-次版本号，18-修订号，348.el5-红帽修订号【注】次版本号：奇数表示开发版，偶数表示稳定版rootlocalhost /# cat /etc/redhat-release Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 5.9 (Tikanga)rootlocalhost /# lsb_release -aLSB Version: :core-4.0-amd64:core-4.0-ia32:core-4.0-noarch:graphics-4.0-amd64:graphics-4.0-ia32:graphics-4.0-noarch:printing-4.0-amd64:printing-4.0-ia32:printing-4.0-noarchDistributor ID: RedHatEnterpriseServerDescription: Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 5.9 (Tikanga)Release: 5.9Codename: Tikanga【注】这里我们可以看到详细的Linux版本信息5.hostname查看或设置主机名rootlocalhost /# hostnamelhw.tarenarootlocalhost /# hostname beijing.chinarootlocalhost /# hostnamebeijing.china【注】hostname既可以查看主机名，也可以修改主机名6.ifconfig eth0查看第一块网卡信息rootlocalhost /# ifconfig eth0eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:96:E9:2C inet addr:192.168.10.2 Bcast:192.168.10.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80:20c:29ff:fe96:e92c/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:5394 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:3746 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:517745 (505.6 KiB) TX bytes:421600 (411.7 KiB)【注】这里可以产看本机的IP地址、网关、子网掩码、MAC地址等信息7.cat查看系统信息1)cat /proc/cpuinforootlocalhost /# cat /proc/cpuinfo model name : Intel(R) Core(TM) i3-3220 CPU 3.30GHzstepping : 9cpu MHz : 3292.589cache size : 3072 KB2)cat /proc/meminforootlocalhost /# cat /proc/meminfoMemTotal: 1023848 kBMemFree: 214644 kBBuffers: 65724 kBCached: 431272 kBSwapCached: 0 kB【注】上面两条命令显示的信息过长，只保留了部分做演示。8.free m查看内存和swap相关信息rootlocalhost /# free -m total used free shared buffers cachedMem: 999 790 209 0 64 421-/+ buffers/cache: 305 694Swap: 2047 0 20479.shutdown h now关机命令rootlocalhost /# shutdown -h now【注】其他关机命令init 0或halt p或poweroff，读者可自行试验【注】带提示信息的关机：shutdown h +15 “computer will be off after 15 minite”rootlocalhost /# shutdown -h +15 computer will be off after 15 miniteBroadcast message from root (pts/4) (Sat Aug 31 17:14:22 2013):computer will be off after 15 minite The system is going DOWN for system halt in 15 minutes!10.重启命令rootlocalhost /# shutdown -r nowrootlocalhost /# rebootrootlocalhost /# init 611.date查看时间1）date回车可直接查看时间rootlocalhost # date2013年 08月 31日 星期六 17:26:49 CST2）date MMDDhhmmYYYY（MM-月，DD-日，hh-时，mm-分，YYYY-年） 【注】此命令用来修改系统日期时间rootlocalhost # date 0909183020132013年 09月 09日 星期一 18:30:00 CST3）date +%Y/%m/%d 【注】显示日期rootlocalhost # date +%Y/%m/%d2013/09/094）date +%H:%m 【注】显示时间rootlocalhost # date +%H:%m18:0912.cal查看日历信息rootlocalhost # cal 2013【注】查看2013全年，此处日历省略，读者可自己实验rootlocalhost # cal 09 2013 九月 2013 日 一 二 三 四 五 六 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 1415 1