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此文档收集于网络,如有侵权,请联系网站删除Casting and Craft planMohammad R. Movahhedy*, Peiman MosaddeghDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology, zhangling, china Received 24 February 2005; accepted 28 July 2005Available online 21 September 2005Abstract Casting is to smelt the metal into the liquid which accords with certain demand and water into casting mould, have after cooling and solidify , exactly deal with clearly Book the craft course of the castings of the form , size and performance . Casting is one of the basic crafts of the modern machine building industry. Early casting agricultural production, religion, tools or apparatuses of of living etc. mostly, artistic color is strong . Development runs side by side with making pottery craft in the casting technology at that time , affected greatly by pottery . Keywords: Casting; Craft; Physical performance; Manufacturing China in 513 B.C., is it appear in the world seeing on casting iron piece - the Jin Dynasty pot , casting mould of country , that characters record first to cast, it is about 270 kilograms in weight. Europe begins to produce the casting iron one too around the eighth century. The appearance of the casting iron one, has expanded the range of application of the casting. For example in 15-17 century, Germany , law country lay many to offer to cast iron pipe dish drinking water to resident successively. After the industrial revolution in the 18th century, such industry as steam engine , textile machine and railway ,etc. rise, the casting enters the new period serving great industry, casting technology begins to get great development. Entering the 20th century, the development that is cast was very fast, one of its important factors was progress of technology of the product, require casting various kinds of mechanical performance kind physics , have good mechanical processing characteristics still at the same time; Another reason is the mechanical industry and other industry such as the development of chemical industry , instrument ,etc., have created favorable material conditions to the casting industry . Such as the development of detection means , have guaranteed the improvement and stability of the quality of castings, have offered the condition to the development which is cast the theory; The inventions of electron microscope ,etc., help people to get deeply to the metal microcosms , ascertain the secret of the metal crystallization, study the theory that the metal solidifies , instruct and cast producing. It is superior to develop a large amount of performance within this period, the metal material of new casting wide in variety, such as the nodular cast iron, the malleable cast iron that can be welded, ultraslow carbon stainless steel, aluminum copper, alloy, silicon of aluminum and magnesium of aluminum, alloy, etc., base of titanium and base of nickel, is it go on new craft punished to pregnant with to gray casting iron to invent, make the adaptability of the casting more extensive. After the fifties, the high-pressure model of wet sand appeared, chemistry hardened the sand model and made core, is it keep model and other special type cast , throw pill person who clear up new craft to shoulder, make the casting have very high precision of form , size and good surface smooth finish , labor condition and environmental sanitation of casting workshop are greatly improved. The 20th century in the great progress of person who cast, to is it deal with chemistry hardening sand model these two new crafts have special meanings to pregnant with gray casting iron. These two inventions, have broken through the traditional method for several thousand years of lasting, has opened up new field for casting technology, have exerted a great influence on the competitive power which improved the casting. Is it is it classify to come according to model method generally to cast , is it cast with the special type casting for ordinary sand mould to divide traditionally. The ordinary sand mould is cast including wet the sand mould, done sand mould, chemistry to harden three kinds of sand moulds. The special type is cast according to the difference of the model material , can be divided into two big classes: One regard natural mineral products grit as main model material, such as melt mould casting , shell type cast , is it keep casting , mud type cast , real casting , pottery type cast etc. to shoulder; One regard metal as main casting mould material, metal type cast , not at odds with the community or the leadership to cast , cast continuously for instance, pressure cast , not low-voltage to cast etc. Casting technology can divide into three basic part, cast metal prepare, casting mould is it punish with casting to plan. Cast metal mean cast in producing is it pour metal material of casting to use forcing, it regards a kind of metallic element as the backbone, adds the alloy that other metal or nonmetallic elements make up , called and cast the alloy traditionally, there is casting iron , cast steel and cast the colored alloy mainly. It is melting simple not merely for metal not to smelt, include course of smelting, is it water enter metal of casting mould to make, all accord with the anticipated demand in the temperature , chemical composition and pure degree of respects. For this reason , should check and test various kinds of taking controlling quality as purpose in the course of smelting, the liquid metal can be allowed to pour after being up to every fixed index. Sometimes, for reach high to require metal liquid punish outside stove after not making, if desulphurization , vacuum take off angry, stove refines , pregnant with or go bad and deal with etc. Smelting the commonly used equipment of metal has towering stove , electric arc furnace , induction furnace , resistance furnace , reverberate furnace ,etc. There are different casting moulds to prepare the content in different casting methods . Regarding using the most extensive sand mould to be cast as the example, the casting mould is prepared including the model material plans to make the great jobs of core two with the model . Various kinds of raw materials used for making core in model in the sand mould is cast, such as casting sand , molding sand binder and other auxiliary materials, and the molding sand , core sand , coating compounded from themed. are referred to as the task prepared for model material model material is at the request of casting , metal nature , choose suitable original sand , binder and auxiliary materials, then mix them into molding sand with certain performance and core sand in the certain proportion. A commonly used one mix sand equipment is it crush wheeled person who mixes sand to have , reverse-flow person who mixes sand and blade annexure type mix the sand machine. The latter is that since the hard sand was designed in order to mix chemistry specially, mixed in succession , fast. The model makes core to confirm the good model method according to casting the technological requirement, the one that get ready to carry on the foundation of the model material. The precision of the casting and the economic results of all production processes, depend on this process mainly. In a lot of modernized casting workshops, the model has made core and realized that mechanized and atomizing. It build commonly used sand mould model have high core the equipments, in, model not low-voltage , lasting sand , there is no case to if pigeonholing , build penetrating Type machine , penetrating the core machine , cold and hot core box machine ,etc. The casting has been since pour and take out in the casting mould of cooling, runner , rising head and metal burr are wrapped and sewn, the casting that the sand mould is cast still glues and adheres to the grit, so must be through the process of clearing up. The equipment which carries on this kind of job throws a machine, runner rising head cutting machine, etc. It is a process with worse labor condition that the sand mould casting leaves the sand and clears up , while choosing the model method, should try ones best to consider that create the condition of facilitating for leaving the sand to clear up . Some casting because of special demand, also want through casting after treatment, heat treatment for instance , have a facelift , antirust punishing , rough machining ,etc. Casting economic blank take shape method , can demonstrate its economy as to form complicated part. For instance the cylinder block and jar of the automobile engine are covered, shipping screw and exquisite work of art, etc. Some difficult part that cut, such as fire nickel base alloy part of steam turbine neednt cast method to be unable to take shape. In addition, part measurement and accommodation of weight cast are very wide, the metal kind is nearly unrestricted; The part is wear-resisting , corrosion-resistant and sucking comprehensive performance of shaking etc. while having general mechanical performance , it is other metal that take shape method such as is it make to forge , roll , weld , wash etc. So by casting the blank part that the method produced in the manufacturing industry of the machine, it is the most so far on quantity and tonnage. The material that is cast and produced has various kinds of metal , coke , timber , plastics , gas , liquid fuel , model material ,etc. The necessary equipment smelts various kinds of stoves used for metal, mix various kinds of sand mixing machines that the sand used, have model build various kinds of model machine that core spend , build core machine, is it clear up whom casting use fall sand machine , throw balls of plane ,etc. to have. Support machine , equipment and a lot of transportation and equipment that supplies punish that special type is it use to cast still. Is it produce have different from other crafts characteristic to cast, adaptability wide needing with material and large and polluting the environment equipment have mainly. It will produce dust , harmful gas and pollution of the environment of noise to cast and produce, come more serious than other mechanical manufacturing engineering , need to take measures to control. It is to require castings to have better comprehensive performance to cast the development trend of the products, higher precision, less surplus and bright and more clean surface. In addition, the energy-conserving one demands and the society, to resuming voice of natural environment higher and hig
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