名词性从句考点归纳.doc

名词性从句考点归纳 名词性从句是高考重要的语法项目。掌握了以下主要考点和易错点，做好名词性从句考题就会快而准。考点一：名词性从句理论部分定义：指在主从复合句中起着名词作用的句子。在主从复合句中充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语。分类：根据它在句子中所起作用分为主语从句 / 宾语从句 / 表语从句 / 同位语从句。连接词：引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：1、连词（5个）：that /whether/if /as if ( though) 2、连接代词（10个）：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose, whoseever, which, whichever3、连接副词（7个）：when, whenever ,where, wherever, how, however ,why(一)主语从句在复合句中充当主语的名词性从句，叫主语从句。考点一：that在主语从句中没实际意义，不做任何成分。但是不能省略。Thathewillnotcometothemeetingistrue.此句也可改为：It istrue thathewillnotcometothemeeting.考点二：为避免句子头重脚轻，经常用it做形式主语，主语从句在后边做真正的主语。It+be+形容词(strange,natural.true等)+that等Itsstrangethathedidntcome.It is by no means clear what the president can do to end the strike. (2012全国).It was never clear why the man hadnt reported the accident sooner.（2011江苏卷）It+be+名词词组+that从句（apity,ashame等）Itsapity/ no wonder thathecantgo.Itdoesntmatter+how/whether从句It doesnt matter whether you pay by cash or credit card in this store. (2012山东)(4)It+be+said/reported/hoped/believed/thought/suggested/requested/proposed/desired.etc +thatItsreportedthatourChinateamhaswon.Its suggested that we should hold a celebration.Itseems/happens+that从句Ithappens/seems thatIwasnttherethatday.(6)it引导的强调句结构：It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子其它部分。It was in the house where he was born that he died.(7) It struck sb that./It occurred to sb that 某人突然想起It suddenly occurred to him that he had left his keys in the office. (2012江西)(二)宾语从句考点一：that在主语从句中没实际意义，不做任何成分。在宾语从句中一般可以省略，但但如果从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不能省略。Hetoldme（that）hewouldcomeandthathewouldcomeontime.考点二：在某些动词后的宾语从句中用虚拟语气，其结构为should+动词原形，should可以省略。这些常用动词是：一坚持insist;二命令order, command;三建议suggest, advise, propose；四要求desire, demand, request, require；另外urge和recommend注意：insist有两个意思“坚决要求”和“坚持认为”，前者用虚拟语气，而后者用陈述语气（实际时态）；同样suggest也有两个意思“建议”和“暗示/表明”，当表示“建议”讲时用虚拟语气，否则用陈述语气（实际时态）。The boy insisted that he hadnt stolen the money and should be set free.Her pale face suggested that she was ill and his mother suggested she( should) see a doctor. 考点三：有些动词和动词短语 如：like/love/hate/appreciate/see to(务必使) /depend on it+宾语从句 ; make/find /think /feel/consider/believe it +n/adj+宾语从句。用it做形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day.I feel it a pity that I havent been to the get-together.I hate it when they with their mouths full of food. （三）表语从句在复合句中，位于系动词之后作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于系动词后，有时用as if/as though引导。 考点一：常用句型The reason why/foris thatThats why+（结果）/ because+（原因）What is thatIt looks/seems as if/though Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, Thats where I was born. (14四川)“Every time you eat a sweet, drink green tea.” This is what my mother used to tell me.(14浙江)From space, the earth looks blue. This is because about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water. (13安徽)The reason for his being absent is that he is ill.The reason why he is absent is that he is ill.（四）同位语从句同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导，可用于同位语从句的名词有doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、problem、promise、question、truth、wish、word等。例如：The news that we won the game is exciting.I have no idea when he will come back home. The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. There is no doubt/possibility that he cant come.如果名词suggestion、advice、order、 demand、 request、等词后的同位语从句的谓语动词要用（should）+动词原形。The suggestion that the plan (should) be delayed will be discussed tomorrow.同位语从句和定语从句的区别：that作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略； that引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。试比较下面两个例句:I had no idea that you were here（that引导同位语从句，不能省略）Have you got the idea（that）this book gives you of life in ancient Greece？（that引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略）名词性从句解题要点：1.根据句中缺什么补什么的原则选连接词。如果名词性从句意思完整，不缺少任何成分，首选that,因为that不作成分，而且没有任何含义。Experts believe that people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary.（13北京，宾语从句） 2.在涉及到“是否”时，whether和if 在宾语从句可互换。但是作介词宾语时只能用whether。如：His father is worried about whether he lose his work .只用whether有whether to do /whether or not /句首whether 。如：I cant decide whether to stay. I want to know whether its good news or not . Whether they can finish the work on time is still a problem . 3. what 在名词性从句中，意为“什么”，在从句中用来做主语、宾语、表语和定语。What makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer. (13北京,主语)I think what_ impresses me about his painting is the colors he uses.（14天津，主语）What Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness. （11北京卷，offer sth to sb宾语）His writing is so confusing that its difficult to make out what it is he is trying to express. (11安徽卷，express sth宾语)It is difficult for us to imagine what life was like for slaves in the ancient world. （14 山东，be like “像”， 缺少表语） It is uncertain what side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it. （10浙江卷， 定语，“什么副作用”）It is not always easy for the public to see what use a new invention can be of to human life. （11重庆，定语，“什么用途”） 4. 名词性从句都要用陈述语序。When changing lanes, a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know _.(10上海) A. he is entering which lane B. which lane he is entering C. is he entering which lane D. which lane is he entering （答案：B）5. whoever,whatever,whichever等词可用于引导名词性从句也可以引导让步状语从句，nomatter+疑问词等只可以用于引导让步状语从句。Whateverhesaidwasright.Whatever（No matter what）yousay，hewontgiveup. 巩固练习：_leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. (MET1988)A. Anyone B. The per