冠词,数词,名词老师版.doc

此文档收集于网络，如有侵权，请 联系网站删除冠词、数词、名词、 语 法 指 导一、冠词： 在英语中a, an称为不定冠词，泛指某人或某物，但不具体说明是何人或何物。the称为定冠词，主要是对后面的名词其限定作用，因此特指，指代上文出现过的或谈话双方都熟知的人或事物。冠词的用法：辅音音素开头的的单词前 a student a one-eyed man 注意以 j w发音开始的名词前 a university a unit a year a used car a one-year-old boy以元音发音开始的单数可数名词前 an egg an apple 注意以辅音字母开始的单词如果发音为元音音素 an hour an unimportant meeting an honest man 特别注意单个字母前使用不定冠词的情况：请大家写出26个英文字母的音标_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 其中读音是以元音音素开头的有 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 辅音音素开头的有_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _填写冠词a/an1. Please pay attention to your spelling. You have dropped _ “m” here.2._ English teacherworks in _university.3._ “e” is in “ruler” 4._ “u” is in “you”.5. Is it _ UFO in the sky? 6. Our daughter sent us _SOS for some more money.7. He has _11-year-old daughter.8. She comes from _European country.9. Write me _one-page summary of this report.10.I got _friendly reception from them.（1）表示上文已提到过的人或物，或特指某人或某物Is this the book that you are looking for? 表示特定的物（2）表示世界上独一无二的东西the sun the earth the moon the Changjiang River the Pacific 太平洋 (3) 在序数词，形容词最高级前The greatest talkers are always the least doers. 在形容词最高级前面 谚语的巨人往往是行动的侏儒。（4）对两人或物进行比较时起特定作用的比较级前He is the taller of the two children in his family. ：为什么此句中比较级前要加the ?（5）用于“动词+人+介词+the+人体部位”结构中The woman hit the man in the face and the man struck her on the back. (6)形容词，过去分词前表示一类人或物the wounded the beautiful and the true the unemployed the disabled (7)在姓氏复数形式前，表示全家人，或这一姓氏的夫妇俩The Turners are sitting at the table.(8)乐器的名称前Do you like to play the guitar or the violin?(9)在逢十的复数数词前，指世纪的某个年代In the 1970s, when my grandfather was already in his forties, he began to learn Japanese.(10)国家和民族的形容词前加上定冠词，可泛指这个国家和全民族的全体人员the English the French the Chinese the Japanese 二、数词表示数目多少或顺序先后的词叫做数词。数词分为基数词和序数词。基数词表示人或数目的多少，序数词表示人或事物顺序的先后。基数词的构成（1）112的基数词有各自独立的单词2 _ 7_ 11 _ 12_(2) 1319的基数词以teen结尾 13_15_18_(3)2090等整10基数词以ty结尾20_ 30_40_50_80_(4)2199之间非整10基数词在十位数和个位数之间加连字符“-”构成22_ 32_43_99_(5) 300 _5000_ 百万_ 十亿_(6)101999的基数词的表达方式“基数词+hundred+and+整10位数+连字符+个位数”839_ 108_1001_ 5123_ 456789_“年代”表示法in +the+逢十的数词复数 在20世纪90年代中期 in the mid-1990s/mid-1990s在18世纪20年代 in the 1720s/1720s “在.岁”的表示法at the age of +基数词 或者at age +基数词 或者at +据数词李云迪在7岁的时候开始学习钢琴。Li Yundi started to learn the piano _ _ _序数词的构成和用法：序数词除第一，第二和第三外，由基数词后加th构成。第1_ 第2_第3_第5_第8_第9_十位数的序数词从1019的序数词是在原基数词后加th第15_ 第12_ 第19_以y结尾的基数词构成序数词以y结尾的基数词构成序数词，先把y改成i在加eth第20 _ 第40_注意，两位或两位以上的数词，只需把最后一个英文数词变成序数词第21_ 第32_第160_序数词前不加冠词的情况1) 表示“又一“，“再一”时You can try a second time.2) 被其他限定词修饰 This is Li Mings first time to use computer. Tomorrow I shall hold a party to celebrate my sixteenth birthday.编号表示法1） Part One Lesson Three Act Two Gate Five 2)定冠词the+序数词+事物名词 the First Part the Third Lesson the Second Act the Fifth Gate 其他几种数词的构成和用法； 分数表示法 分子用基数词，分母用序数词。分子大于一时，分母的序数词要用复数_ _Nowadays two thirds of business letters are written in English. 如今2/3的上午信件是用英语写的。Its said that two thirds of the water around the world is polluted.据说世界上2/3的水都被污染了。 小数表示法 小数点读成O或者zero，小数点后的数字按个位基数词依次读出0.6 zero point six 5.38 five point three eight 28.23 two eight point two three 或者 twenty-eight point two three 百分数表示法 百分数用基数词加百分号表示，百分号读成percent 50% fifty percent 35% thirty-five percent 三、名词：不可数名词：一般情况下专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词均是不可数名词。advice 劝告 traffic 交通 progress 进步trouble 烦恼 weather 天气 fun 乐趣information 消息 knowledge 知识 pollution 污染注意：不可数的物质名词表示个体时，需用单位名词（量词）来表示其数量概念。常用的有：a piece of advice / bread / cake / chalk /cloth / equipment /furniture /information / news / wood /paper / work a bar of chocolate /soap a bottle of ink a pair of scissors / shoes / trousers 可数名词规则的复数形式可数名词包括个体名词和集体名词，有单、复数形式。复数名词构成方法如下：（1） 直接在名词后加sstudent students desk desks hand hands(2) 以s, x, ch ,sh 结尾的名词后加es bus buses watch watches brush brushes 特别注意: 1)stomach stomachs 胃2) 以th结尾的词，直接在后加s mouth mouths pathpaths mouthmouths (3) 以 “辅音字母+O”结尾的名词后加eshero heroes tomato tomatoes potato potatoes不少以o结尾的外来词变复数时只加sradioradios mango mangos video videos kilo kilos photo photos pianopianos 有些以o结尾的名词有两种复数形式 ： zero zeroes /zeros 以oo结尾的名词只加s bamboo bamboos zoo zoos (4) 以“元音+y”结尾的名词，把y变i 再加esfactory factories country countries (5) 以“元音+y”结尾的名词，直接在词尾加sboyboys toytoys(6) 以f 或者fe结尾的名词变复数形式有三种：直接加s roof roofs 屋顶把f 或者fe 变v 再加es leaf leaves lifelives knifeknives shelfshelves halfhalves loafloaves thief thieves wife wives 既有规则变化形式又有不规则变化形式 handkerchief handkerchiefs/handerchieves scarfscarfs /scarves可数名词不规则的复数形式：（1）改变单数名词中的元音字母，或其他形式foot feet tooth teeth mouse mice childchildren （2） 表示“某国人”的名词的单、复数形式因习惯不同而异 a Chinese two Chinese 单复数相同 a Japanese two Japanese 重点提醒：ChineseJapanese中国的中国人日本的日本人Im Chinese.Im a Chinese.Im Japanese.Im a Japanese. 但是对于English,French 类词，可以说“Im English/French”或者“Im a/an Englishman/Frenchman”但不可以说“Im a/an English/French” a German three Germans词尾加s an American two Americans 这类词还有：African ,Asian, Australian , Canadian ,Italian ,European 等 an Englishman five Englishmen 变man 为men a Dutchman four Dutchmen 这类词还有：Frenchman ,Irishman 等缩写，数词，字母和单词的复数形式在词后加 s 或s CDs (CDs) some VIPs (VIPs) in the 1990s (1990s) a man in his 40s (40s ) They came n twos and threes .他们三三两两地来了。 .以“名词修饰名词”的复数形式（1）中心词是man或woman 构成的复合名词 复合名词前后两个词都是中心词（通常第一个词是man或woman），前后两部分皆变复数形式。men singers 男歌手 women servants 女仆 men cooks 男厨师 women doctors 女医生（2）中心词是boy等构成的复合名词复合名词为boy ,girl ,lady ,加另一个词构成，将第二个词变成复数。boy friend(s) girl friend(s) lady driver(s) .单复数同形的名词某些动物的名词 deer sheep fish goldfish 注意 fishes 表示不同种类的鱼。We caught three little fishes. 表示鱼肉时只能用单数形式。Help yourself to some fish.某些不可数名词用复数形式表达特定内涵 papers 报纸，文件 manners 礼貌 goods 货物 looks 外表 glasses 眼镜times 时代 sands 沙滩 forces 军队以下短语中的名词常用复数in high spirits 情绪高涨 as follows 如下 take turns 轮流 hurt ones feelings 伤人感情 take/make notes 做笔记 in rags 衣衫褴褛“word”一词的及种用法word 作“消息”或“通知”时，前面不加 a 或 the ,也不用复数形式。Word came that the meeting would be held on Friday.通知说会议在星期五举行。Please send me word of your safe arrival. 请你安全到达后就把消息告诉我。 注意：下列词组中的单，复数：keep (break) ones word 守（失）信 leave word 留言 a man of his word 守信用的人 by word 逐字地in a word 简言之 in other words 换句话说eat ones word 收回前言 the last words 临终的话waste ones words 白费口舌 have words with sb.与某人吵嘴have a few words with sb. 与某人说几句名词所有格1 .通常在名词后加s .以s 或es结尾的复数名词只在名词右上方加s 这种形式大多表示有生命的名词的所有关系（不要太多）。Johns clothes are made by hand in Italy.There are some students books on the desk.表示两人或多人共有时，只变化最后一个名词的词尾；如果为各自所有，各个名词的词尾都要变化。 He is my father and mothers friend. Franks and Janes cars are both Bens.表示“某人的家” “店铺”的名词所有格后面，一般省略它所修饰的名词。at Mr. Greens 在格林先生的家 to my uncles 到我叔叔家 at the tailors 在裁缝店 at the doctors 在诊所“of +名词”构成的所有格 这种结构通常用来表示无生命的所有关系 The leaves of most trees will fall in autumn.在秋天，大部分的树叶都会落下。 There is something wrong with the engine of the car. 汽车发动机除了故障 the contribution of science and technology 科技的贡献在下列情况仍用名词后加上s构成所有格 。表示时间，举例，国家，城市，团体，机构等无生命东西的名词，也可以加s来构成所有格。New Years Day 元旦 todays newspaper 今天的报纸 ten minutes walk 步行十分钟的路程a miles distance 一英里的距离 Chinas industry 中国的工业 the stations waiting room 候车室the rivers bank 河岸 the earths satellite 地球的卫星双重所有格的构成和用法：“of+-s所有格/名词性物主代词”构成双重所有格，表示整体中的一个或者一部分。双重所有格的使用条件：（1）双重所有格中带有-s所有格的名词必须是一个明确限定的指人的名词。David is a friend of my fathers. 大卫是我父亲的一位朋友。（2）表示部分概念时，of前面的名词必须为不确指的名词，其前面常用不定冠词，数词，不定代词或指示代词等。Many relatives of hers have been abroad. 她的很多亲戚出过国。注意（1）双重所有格修饰的名词与指示代词连用时，往往带有赞赏，不满等感情色彩。This little cat of your sisters is really a dear. 你没灭的这只小猫真的很可爱。That speech of Mr. Greens is so boring.格林先生的那个发言真是无聊。注意（2）of 前的名词是picture, photo,等时，用of所有格和双重所有格表达的意义不同。This is a photo of my fathers .这是我爸爸（拥有）的一张照片。This is a photo of my father. 这是我爸爸（本人）的一张照片。冠词，数词，名词练习：1. There is report in todays newspaper. Its about the International Film Festival, Shanghai.A a B an C the D 不填2. -Mum, where is my CD player? -Its in white bag on your deskA a B an C the D 不填3. He is honest boy, so we all like himA a B an C the 4. weather it is today! Lets go out for a walkA How fine B How bad C What a fine D W hat fine5. -Where is English book?-Maybe it is on the bookshelfA the B a C an D 不填6. -By the way, have you got e-mail address? -Oh yes, Ive got oneA a B an C the D 不填7. -What would you like for breakfast, Mr Scott? -Three pieces of bread with cup of black tea, please.A a; a B不填；the C a; the D 不填;a8. Bob told me that his next match was against team from another schoolA a girls B girls C the girls D girls9. There is big table in the dining roomA an B不填 C the D a10. day it is!A What a fine B What fine C How fine D How a fine11. Jack bought useful book. book is also very interesting.A an; The B a; The C an; A D a; A12. Please pay your attention to your spelling. Youve dropped “d” in the word WednesdayA an B the C a D 不填13. -What do you think of the story?-Oh, it is really exciting one.A a B an C the D 不填14. -Whats date today? -Its June 12A不填 B a C the D an15. As we know, England is European country and Singapore is Asian countryA an; an B an; a C a ;a D a ;an16. The film is such wonderful science fiction that I want to see it second timeA a ;a B a; the C 不填;the D 不填;a17. Its not good idea to drive for four hours without breakA a; a B the; the C a;不填 D the; a 18. -Cathy! Do you know woman in white? -Yes. She is a nurse in our hospitalA a B the C 不填 D an19. The cakes which the restaurant served were delicious. The customer would like _third one because second is rather too smallA a; a B a; the C a ;不填 D the; a 20. -Which of the poems do you like better?- shorter one, of course. I think its really most interesting one.A A; the B The; a C The; the D A; a21. -Do you play piano in your free time? -No, I like sports. I often play soccer with my friendsA 不填；the B a ;a C the;the D the;不填22. All the students agree to go to Qingdao by sea and camp by sea.A the;a B 不填；the C 不填；不填 D a;the23. Early in the morning word came that Mr. Black had been elected president of the companyA 不填；不填 B a;不填 C a;the D不填；the 24. Celia, who is on holiday with her husband, wants to stay in a quiet place,taste delicious food and play tennisA a;a B 不填；不填 C the;the D 不填;the25. Mary has a bad cold. She has to stay in bedA a B 不填 C the1. -How many students are there in your newly built school? -Two thousand in classrooms.A four B fourth C forty D the fortieth2. -How long is the new bridge? Do you know? -Yes, Its about .A one thousand one hundred and eighty metersB one thousand and one hundred fifty metersC two thousand one hundred forty metersD one thousand and one hundred fifty meters3. Our summer holiday is coming. Two the students in our school will go to the beach.A hundred B hundreds C hundreds D hundred of4. -How many people will come to Beijing for the Olympic Games in 2008? -Its hard to say. people, I think.A Million of B Millions of C Two millions of D Two million of5. Now children, turn to Page and look at the picture in Lesson Two.A twentieth; one B twenty;one C twentieth;first D twenty;first6. -Whats one fourth and a half, do you know? -Yes, its .A two sixths B tree fourths C one three D three sixths7. About of the students in Grade Nice this year were born in the .A three five;1996s B three fifths;1990s C third fifth;1997 D third fifths;1990s8. When he was ,Joe went to the United States.A on his twenties B in the twenties C in his twenties D in his twenty9. Open your book, and write down the answers in the form on .A the 101st page B 101page C Page 101st D the Page 10110. After the Asian Games, people came to Guangzhou for a visit during holidaysA thousand B thousands of C five thousands D five thousands of11. The doctor worked for after twelve oclockA two more hour B two another hour C more two hours D another two hours1. I have three pen friends. One is the other two are .A Japanese; Americans B Russian; Germany C Canada; Australia D English; Frenchman2. -Can I help you, sir? -Yes, Id like five and some peas.A potato B tomatoes C meat D banana3. He had something to write down and asked me for .A a paper B some papers C some pieces of papers D a piece of paper4. Lind, Ive bought many . Now lets make the birthday cakeA fresh eggs B chocolate milk C frozen food D a piece of paper5. -How long does it take to get to the station? -Its a walkA six minutes B six minutes C six minutes D six minutes6. Its ride from my home to the factory.A two hours and halfs B two and half hours C two and a half hours D tow hour and a halfs7. -Did you and your friends ride your bicycles to the beach yesterday afternoon? -Yeah. we had!A How a fun B What fun C What a fun D How fun8. We have bought two for the coming partyA box of apple B boxes of apples C box of apples D boxes of apple9. mothers couldnt go to the meeting, because they have gone to ChengduA Li Lei and Lucys B Li Leis and Lucys C Li Lei an