牛津英语8Bunit1

牛津英语8BUnit1Unit 1 The 1st period Content: Grammar (一)Teaching aims:1. To learn some new words.2. To learn the use of the present perfect tense.3. To understand the difference between the present perfect tense and the simple past tense.Important and difficult points:The use if the perfect tense: have/ has +p.p.Teaching Procedures:Step1.Teach the new words from P8 to P12.Step 2.Lead in the present perfect tense.T: When did you have breakfast? S:I had breaskfast an hour ago.T: He had breakfast an hour ago. He has had breakfast.(Bb)T: Where did you study English last term?S: We studied English in Shanxi No.2 Middle School.T: Yes. You studied English in Shanxi No.2 Middle School. You have studied here for about two years.(Bb)我们用一般过去时谈论过去发生的动作,但当过去发生的动作和现在有联系有影响时,我们用现在完成时态.(Refer to P9)Structure: have/has+V(过分)Step 3.How we form the past participles of verbs P10 (Add the simple past forms)Add: have-had-had hear-heard-heard buy-bought-bought go-went-gone do-did-done eat-ate-eaten forget-forgot-forgotten cut-cut-cut read-read-read Step 4.Explain the use of the present perfect tense.(一) 基本用法:1. 到现在为止这段时间已发生的情况.动作从过去延续到现在.eg. She has been ill for three days. (Shes been) We have learned 2,000 English words. (Weve )2. 某个动作虽是过去发生,但其后果和影响及于现在.eg. Thanks you.Ive had my supper.(现在用不着吃) Tom has seen the film.(对这部电影有所了解)(二) 时间状语:already,yet(否,疑),since,ever,never,just,before(句尾),for+时间段,recentlyeg. She has already finished her work.I have ever heard about it.Step 5.Change the above sentence patterns to general questions, negative sentences and question the underlined parts.Step 6.Make sentences P10 A1Step 7. Compare the difference between the present perfect tense and the simple past tense.现在完成时的特点是某一动作发生与现在有联系,一般过去时则单纯谈过去发生的某一动作,不涉及对现在的影响.eg.Simon has lost his watch./Simon lost his watch. Have you bought a pen?/When did you buy the pen? What did you have for lunch?/Have you had lunch?etc注:句中有表示过去的时间状语如yesterday,last week,ago etc,不能用现完.Step 8.Chat time P11,A2Step 9.AssignmentUnit 1 The 2nd periodContent: Grammar (三) Teaching aims：1. To learn some new words.2. To learn the use of the present perfect tense.3. To understand the difference between “since” and “for”Important and difficult points:The differences: have been to & have gone toSince & forTeaching Procedures:Step1.Dictate the new words from P8 to P12Step2.Teach the new words from P1 to P7.Step3.Check the homework.Step4.Review the present perfect tense.Structure: have/has+V(过去分词)Past participle: 规则动词的过去分词与过去式相同。Add some irregular verbs. teach-taught-taught bring-brought-broughtgetgotgot know-knewknown growgrew-grownfind-foundfound holdheldheld showshowed-shownkeep-kept-kept leave-left-left lose-lost-lostrun-ran-run swim-swamswumdrivedrove-driven beginbegan-begunStep5.Review 时间状语 already/yet, never/ever 的用法。Step6.Explain the use of some words.(1).for 和 since 的区别。for 和表示一段时间的词组连用。eg. for six hours/nine days/ two weeks/thirty yearssince 和表示过去某一时刻的词或词组连用。eg. since nine oclock this morning / last summer/ three weeks ago/ Septembersince 还可以引导时间状语从句，表示“自从.以来”。 eg. 自从他出生以来，他就住在这儿。 He has lived here since he was born. 自从我离开学校，我给他写过两次信。 I have written to him twice since I left school. We have been friends for five years. (1.用 since 改写句子 2.划线提问)We have been friends since 2000/ five years ago. (+时间点)I have known him for two months. (同上)(2).just 的用法just 作“刚刚”解时，多和现在完成时连用。eg. I have just finished lunch. 我刚吃过午饭。 The two visitors have just arrived. 两位来访者刚刚到达。just now “刚才”， 动词只能用过去时态。They gave it to me just now. 他们刚才将它给了我。(3).have gone to 去了（没回来） have been to 去过，到过 （已回来）eg. He has been to Beijing. 他到过北京。（现在他不在北京） He has gone to Beijing. 他上北京去了。（现在他不在这里） Where have you ? I have to the park. Where is he ? He has to the library.Step7. Do exercises on P13.Step8.AssignmentUnit 1 The 3rd periodContent: Grammar (三)Teaching aims：1. To learn some new words.2. To learn the use of the present perfect tense.Important and difficult points:短暂性动词（瞬间性动词）由于动作不能延续，故不能与表示一段时间的状语for或since连用。常见的短暂性动词有：go, come, borrow, open, close, stop, join, marry, die, become, arrive, reach, begin, start, leave, receive, buy, put, lose，lend, find, finish等。如果表达上述短暂性动词“继续多长时间”的概念，则需要改用与之相应的表示状态的系表结构，这种系表结构多为 be+ 形容词（副词、介词短语等）构成Teaching Procedures:Step1.Dictate the new words from P1 to P7Step2.Teach the new words from P13 to P19.Step3.Check the homework.Step4.Add some irregular verbs.becomebecame-become choosechosechosen costcostcost drinkdrankdrunk feelfeltfelt givegavegiven growgrewgrown hurt-hurthurt lend-lent-lent pay-paid-paid meet-met-met Step5. Explain the grammar.短暂性动词（瞬间性动词）由于动作不能延续，故不能与表示一段时间的状语for或since连用。常见的短暂性动词有：go, come, borrow, open, close, stop, join, marry, die, become, arrive, reach, begin, start, leave, receive, buy, put, lose，lend, find, finish等。如果表达上述短暂性动词“继续多长时间”的概念，则需要改用与之相应的表示状态的系表结构，这种系表结构多为 be+ 形容词（副词、介词短语等）构成，试比较：误：He has come here for seven years.正：He has been here for seven years. He came here seven years ago.误：This factory has opened for several years.正：This factory has been open for several years.(open是形容词，表示“开”的状态。) This factory opened several years ago.( closebe closed 用法同上)类似的词还有：diebe dead误： His father has died for two months.正： His father has been dead for two months/since two months ago.His father died two months ago. buyhave误： Sam has bought the knife for a week .正： Sam has had the knife for a week /since a week ago. Sam bought the knife a week ago.get upbe up误： Xiao Ming has got up for an hour.正： Xiao Ming has been up for an hour. Xiao Ming got up an hour ago.leavebe away from误： She has left here for two years.正： She has been away from here for two years. She left here two years ago. borrowkeep误： Tom has borrowed the book for two days.正： Tom has kept the book for two days. Tom borrowed the book the day before yesterday. joinbe in +组织/ be a .成员误： My brother has joined the League /army /Party for 10 years.正： My brother has been in the League /army /Party for 10 years/since 1995. 或 My brother has been a League member/ soldier/Party member for 10 years/since1995. My brother joined the League /army /Party in 1995. start/ begin be on误： The film has begun for ten minutes.正： The film has been on for ten minutes. The film began ten minutes ago. come backbe back误： He has come back for three days.正： He has been back for three days. He came back three days ago. marrybe married误： They have married for 15 years.正： They have been married for 15 years. They got married 15 years ago.Step6. AssignmentUnit 1 The 8th periodContent: Integrated skills A Teaching aims:1. To listen for details about changes to Lantau Island.2. To focus on general meaning by identifying specific details in pictures and general context.3. To understand and respond to factual information presented in written and oral forms.4.To respond to information obtained from listening by completing a letter.Important and difficult points:Four skills: listening, speaking, reading and writingTeaching procedures:Step1.Revision1. Review and dictate some past participles.2. Review the opposites.3. Check homework.Step2.Listening1. Talk about Daniel and Siomons history project.2. Compare the two pictures in P14 A13. Listen.Listen to get a general understanding of the conversation.Listen to complete the sentences in Part A.Listen to check by themselves4.Check the answersStep3.Complete the letter in A21. Complete and check2. Note:get a letter from=hear fromgo tofor a holiday/go on holidaythanks(thank you) for sth/doing stheg. Thanks for your help/having us.Im glad to hear (that)+陈述句eg. Im glad to hear (that) he has arrived safely/he will come to see me.There have been many changes in Hong Kong.=Hong Kong has changed a lot.=Great changes have taken place in Hong Kong.eg.There have been a park near here for four years.be in use= be in servicebe +V(过分) 被eg.He is called Tom.People call him Tom. a boy called Tom(过分做定语)to/in the north ofCanada is to the north of the USA.(并列)Inner Mongolia is in the north of China. (从属)hope to do/hope +句子 hope sb to do()eg.I hope to hear from you as often as before./I hope you can write to me as often as before.wish sb sth eg.I wish you a happy new year. wish sb to do sth eg.I wish him to have a pleasant trip. wish + 句子 eg.I wish everything goes on well with you.be surprised by/at 某人对感到惊奇eg.I was surprised by/at what I saw.be surprised to do I was surprised to meet him in the street.surprised 指人,对吃惊/surprising 指物,令人吃惊的eg.They are surprised to hear the surprising news.over the years=during the years3.Review the format of writing letters4.Read the letterStep4.AssignmentUnit 1 The 9th periodContent: Speak up &Study skillsTeaching aims:1. To talk about past and present habits2. To give information about changes over time3. To become more familiar with the sequence of letters in the alphabet4. To develop dictionary skills and recognize guide words5. to use guide words to locate words in a dictionaryImportant and difficult points:Make their own conversationTeaching procedures:Step 1 Revision1. Dictation2. Check homeworkStep 2 Lead-in1.How do you usually go to school? (on foot/ by bike)2.How did you go to school when you were in primary school?3.What do you often after class and after school?Step 3 Speak up1. Listen to the tape1.Who took Millie to school before ?2. How did Sandy go to school before.?3.Does Millie like chatting with her friends ?4. What do you think of your school life ?2. Listen and repeat3. Read and role-play4. Ask Ss to think about changes in their livesPrimary school Secondary schoolOn foot with parents On foot on my ownTake me to school by bike By bike5. New dialogue6. Useful expressions1. when I was 2. since I started3. How has/have changed?4. on ones won = by oneself = alone5. have more/ less free time6. have the same feeling/ way (as ) 7. Do you agree (with sb)?Step 4 Study skills -using a dictionary1. Ask Ss to call out “ A-Z” in order; one of them writes them on the Bb.2. Tell them the rule to look up words in a dictionary.3. Finish off the exercises.Step 5 AssignmentUnit1 The 10th periodContent: Main Task &CheckoutTeaching aims: To describe two pictures explaining the differences between past and present situations . To generate ideas to describe specific details shown in pictures . To organize language and descriptions to write a comparison .To select descriptive information to write a report .To describe the changes to a place .Important and difficult points:WritingTeaching procedures:Step1： Revision1. Everyday English2. Check homework3. Finish off Checkout (the present perfect tense)Step 2：Presentation1.Do you still remember the changes to Lantau Island. Lets compare its past and present.2. Some language points.Step 3：Main task: Lantau Island: Past and Present1.Questions about Lantau Island:Where is Lantau Island ?What did it use to be ?was it a good place for wildlife ?How could people go to Lantau Island before ?How can people go to Lantau Island now ?Do you think the changes to it have brought benefits ?Have the changes caused problems ?2.Useful espressions1. no longer = not .any longer2. provide sth. For sb. =provide sb. with sth.3. bring many benefits4. cause many problems5. lose ones life(lives)6. because of (doing) sth.Step4： Presentation (Changes to)How to write a report about changes to some places.（refer to P18）Step5 : WritingAsk students to look at the two given pictures (Pudong Shanghai)Step6 Assignment第八课时Speak up & Study skills本课时基本任务1. 能流利的说出26个英文字母的顺序。2. 会使用英语词典查单词。3. 谈论过去和现在的习惯本课时必会单词：surprised, feeling, over,本课时必会词组：primary school, junior high school, come before/after, at the top corner of each page, help somebody do something, the changes in ones life本课时要了解的句型：1. When I was in primary school, my mother took me to school every day.2. Since I started junior, high school, Ive come to school by bus on my own.3. I have the same feeling. 4. I enjoy chatting with you and my friends after class.5. l comes before n. /a comes before k.I. Lead-in T: We know there have been great changes in Hong Kong over the years from the letter. Have there been changes in your life? Now you are in junior high school .You can go to school by bus or by bike. How did you go to school when you were in primary school?S1: My father took me to school every day.S2: My mother took me to school every day. Sometimes my grandfather took me to school.II. Pre-taskAsk some students where they were born. Some students may answer the question. They were born in Nanjing or in other places. And ask the students who were born in other places where they were. They may give many other places. And what feeling do they have when they come back to their hometown. Some students will say there are many changes in their hometowns. Then the teacher tells them they are very surprised at the changes.That is to say there have been many great changes in many places. Because China is developing very fast, there have many changes in China over/during these years.三、While-taskTask 1Listen to Millie and Sandys conversation on the tapeTask 2Ask the following questions.1)How did Millie go to school when she was in primary school?2) How does Millie go to school now?Task 3Read the conversation in pairs. Then let the students make a similar conversation in pairs. Work in pairs and replace the dialogue according to the given.Task 4Work in pairs and find out about the changes in your partners life.Task 5When we do some reading, we often meet many new words. Ask the students what they will do when they meet new words. And tell them to look them up in an English dictionary is the best way to solve the questions. But how do you look up a new word in an English dictionary? Tell them how to use an English dictionary.First show a dictionary to the students, and tell the students the English words in a dictionary are in alphabetical order from A to Z. That is to say, the words which begin with A are at the very beginning of a dictionary. And the words which begin with B come after the words begin with A and so on. If two words start with the same letter, we look at the second letter to decide the alphabetical order. If the first two letters of two words are the same, we look at the third, and so on. Ask the students to put the following words in alphabetical order. Turn to page 16. Then check the answers. Task 6 Part BOn the left are some page numbers and guide words from a dictionary. Help Daniel write down the page numbers for the words on the right.And check the answers. IV. Post-task Do some games.1. Give Ss some coded sentences. Ell them that in order to decode the message, they must replace each other letter with the letter that comes before it in the alphabet, e.g. Upebz jt Uivstebz. (Today is Thursday.) J mjlf dipdpmbuf. (I like chocolate.) Xf mjlf jo Cfjkjoh. (We live in Beijing.) Uif tvo sjtft jo uif fbtu. (The sun rises in the east.)2. Give Ss some coded sentences. Ell them that in order to decode the message, they must replace each other letter with the letter that comes after it in the alphabet, e.g. Ohyyz hr lx ezuntqhsd ennc. (Pizza is my favourite food.) Kdsr fn sn sgd bhmdlz. (Lets go to the cinema.) Snlnqqnv hr lx ahqsgczx. (Tomorrow is my birthday.) Zlx gzr itrs addm sn sgd khaqzqx. (Amy has just been to the library.)3. Ask Ss to line themselves up in alphabetical order by name.V. Homework:1. 查字典，找出下列英文单词的中文意思及词性leafletaudience category available characterarrange delightful level folder operation 2.Remember the new words and useful expressions in the period.第九课时Main task本课时基本任务1. 学会填写问答卷。2. 学会从问答卷中获取相关信息。3. 能够写出自己家乡的有关变化。 本课时必会单词：island, convenient, benefit, cause本课时必会词组：Lantau Island, the changes to, past and present, used to be/do, on longer, fresh air, over the years, provide sth for sb./provide sb. with sth., in the past, by ferry, change a lot, take/catch a bus, the Airport Express, be convenient, cause many problems, because of本课时要了解的句型：1. It used to be the home of many wild animals.2. Things have changed a lot.3. The changes to Lantau Island have brought many benefits but they have also caused many problems for wildlife.I. Lead-inAsk students to talk about the changes to Kowloon Walled City in Hong Kong.II. Pre-task 1. Ask them to listen to the tape in Integrated skills again. To review what they have learnt about the changes to Lantau Island.2. During the answers teacher can present some new words. e.g. Lantau Island island, Hainan Island.Teacher can ask them if they like these changes or not and the reasons. If they say “Yes”, teacher can present “convenient”. If they say “No”, te