[毕业设计精品]基于单片机at89s51的99马表的设计

毕业设计基于单片机的99马表设计班级：电子512专业：应用电子技术所在系：机电工程系学号：指导老师：完成时间2008年4月10日至2008年6月18日a2a0a1a3a4a5a6a9目录a7a8a10.2a11a12a13.3a14a15a16a17a18a19a20a21a22a23a24a25a18a19a20a21a22a23a24.4a26a27a26a28a29a30a31a32a33a34.41.1.1a35a36a37a38a39a40a41.4a42a43a44a45a46a47a48a49a50a42a51a52a53a54a55a56.4a57a58a59a60a61a62a63a64a61a62a63AT89C51a6599a66a67a68a69a70a71a68a69a70.8a72a73a74a75a76a77a78a79a80a81a82a83a84a85a86a74a87a84a84a88a89a90a91.82.1a921a93a94a95a96a97a98.82.1.2a93a99a100a101a102a103a104a105a106.9a107a108a107a109a110a111a112a113a114a115a116a117a118a119.92.2.1a93a94a95a120a121.102.2.2a93a122a123a124a125.102.2.3a93a126a127a128a120a121.122.2.4a93a129a130a131a132.12a107a108a133a109a134a135a110a111a112a113a114a115a116a117a113a113a136a137a138a139a140a141a142a143.132.3.1a93a144a145a146a147.132.3.2a93a148a149a146a147.152.3.3a93a150a151a122.152.3.4a93a152a153a146a147.18a154a155a156a157a158AT89S51a15999a160a161a162a163a164a165a163a164a165.20a166a167a168a169a170a171a172a173a174a175a176a177a178a179a180a168a181a178a178a182a183a184a185a186a187.203.1.1a188a189a190a191a192a193AT89S51a19499a195a196a197a198a199.203.1.2a188a189a190a191a192a193AT89S51a19499a195a196a200a201a198a202.21a203a204a205a206a207a208a209a210a211a212a209a213a209a214a215a205a216a217a218a219a220a221a222a223.253.2a2241a188keila194a225a226a227a228.25a203a204a229a230a231a232a233a234a235a214a236a208a211a213.273.4.1a188a189a190Proteusa237a238a194a239a240a241a238a242a243a244a245.273.4.2a188a189a190Proteusa237a238a194a239a240a241a238a242a243a246a247.28a203a204a248a206a249a233a250a251a252a253a254.283.5.1a188ProtelDXPa255a6.283.5.2a188a66a0a199a244a245a239a240a194a1a2.283.5.3a188a69a3a4a5a7a71PCBa72a194a244a245a239a240a194a1a2.30a8a9a10a30a11a12a13a14a11a12a13.31a47a15a16a17a56a18.31a47a15a19a17a58a20a21a22.31a33a34.32a35a23a24a25.33a26a27a28a29a31a32a36a37摘要：近年来随着科技的飞速发展，单片机的应用正在不断地走向深入，同时带动传统控制检测日新月异更新。系统实用性强、操作简单、扩展性强。本文介绍了基于单片机AT89S51的99马表的设计，重点讨论了AT89S51单片机周围硬件电路的原理和软件的编程以及仿真软件对电路功能的实现。关键词：单片机99马表设计实现ABSTRACT：Inrecentyearsalongwithscienceandtechnologydevelopfast,theapplicationofsingleflatmachineismovingtowardsthoroughcontinuously,atthesametimedrivetraditionalcontroldetectiondaythebenefitofnewmoonupdate.Thesystemusabilityisstrong,simplicityofoperator,extended.ThisarticleintroducedbasedonthemonolithicintegratedcircuitAT89S5199stopwatchdesigns,Discussedaroundwithemphasisat89S51monolithicintegratedcircuithardwarecircuitsprincipleandsoftwaresprogrammingaswellasthesimulationsoftwaretoelectriccircuitfunctionrealization.Keywords:Onlyflatmachinea38a38a39a40a41a42a43a44a40a45a46a48a39DesignRealizea26a27a28a29a31a32a36a49引言：在单片机技术日趋g6116g10099的g1182g3837，g1866g9801g8975的硬件电路的设计和软件的设计，g16765单片机g5483g2052了g5203g8879的应用，g1972g1058g7171g1186g4579的电g4388g1147g2709，g2052g3835的g5049g1006控制，单片机g18129g17227g2052了g1042g17287g17743重的作用。单片机g4579的系统g13479g7512g1972g1058g7171g6164g7389g1867g7389g2499编程硬件的g980g1022g13565g5445，g2499g16871g7171g256g21647g19604g15441g4579，g13937g13978g1477g1852g257，单片机的g4410g1076和g11752g12362g7171对g5506机系统g4410g1076和g11752g12362的简g6475g17896g5464。本文g1025设计的基于AT89S51单片的99马表g1867g7389g1319g12227g4579，g13479g7512简单，g7143于操作g12573g10317性，g17836g1867g7389强g3835的扩展功能。g4439能g3827g12946g11842计时，g5194g1867g7389g5332g3999计时，计时g1584g8502，g9177g19658g12573功能，在g17828动g1262g990，g8785g17722g990g12573g980g1135g19668g16213计时的地g7053g3800g3800g2499g16277g4439的g10995g5445。g10317g2047g7171g2045用单片机g1582的马表，g3252g1866g7186g12046g12946g1946，g16835g5058g4579，g1227g7696g17751g1314g13792g5203g2475g8438g17826。a26a27a28a29a31a32a36a50第一章单片机的发展与应用1.1、单片机的发展1.1.1、单片机的概念g1427019g23g25年g12544g980g2500g6980g4395g5347电g4388计g12651机g40g49IAg38在g13666g3281g4498g3817g8873g4624g1134g3835g4410g16818g10995以来，计g12651机的发展g5062g13475g2394了g3247代，g5506型计g12651机属于g12544g3247代计g12651机。对g5506型计g12651机g13792言，如果将g38PU、存储器、I/O接口以及定时器/记g6980器集g6116在g980块芯片g990，就g6116为单片g5506型计g12651机（SUM，singleg38hipMicrocomputer），简称单片机。g4439g1867g7389g1319g12227g4579、功耗g1314、g2499靠性高、抗干扰能力强、g1227g7696g1314g12573优点，被g5203g8879应用于检测和控制领域。此外，单片机在家用电器、电g4388玩g1867、语言设备、机器人g12573各g1022领域的应用也迅速发展。随着单片机在技术g990、g1319系g13479g7512g990的不断发展，g3281际g990逐渐采用g256g5506控制器（Mg38U，Microg38ontrollerUnit）g257来代替g256单片g5506型计g12651机g257这g980名称，但在g3281内，由于g1076惯，我们仍沿用g256单片机g257这g980名称。1.2、MCS-51单片机的简介51系列单片机g7171由g13666g3281Intel公司g10995g1147的以80g3851为核心发展g17227来的各类单片机型号系列的总称。这类单片机g18129使用80g3851的g38PU内核及指令系统，且Mg38S-51系列g1025的8051g6116为许多半导g1319厂家。电气公司竞相选用的对象g5194以g1866为基核，推出了许多兼容性的g38HMOS单片机，且这g1135单片机g18129g1867g7389极好的兼容性，g5194g7389很强的g10995命力，统称80g3851系列Mg38S-51系列单片机g1147g2709g73898051，8031，8751，80g3851，80g3831g12573型号（前三种为g38MOS芯片，后两种为g38HMOS芯片）。g4439们的g13479g7512基本相同，g1866主g16213g5058g2047反映在存储器的配置g990。8051内部设g7389g23Kg4395节的掩模ROM程序存储器，8031片内没g7389程序存储器，g137928751g7171将8051片内的ROM换g6116g40PROM。由ATMg40L公司g10995g1147的89g3851将g40PROM改g6116了g23K的闪速存储器，他们的g13479g7512g3835同g4579异。Mg38S-51单片机内部g13479g7512a26a27a28a29a31a32a36a518051g7171Mg38S-51系列单片机的典型g1147g2709，我们以这g980代表性的机型进行系统的讲解。下图g7171Mg38S-51系列单片机的内部g13479g7512g12046g5859图g21。8051单片机g2265g2559g1025g3842g3800理器、程序存储器g11ROMg12、g6980g6466存储器g11RAMg12、定时/计g6980器、g5194行接口、g1030行接口和g1025断系统g12573g1972g3835单g1815及g6980g6466总g13459、地g3348总g13459和控制总g13459g12573三g3835总g13459，现在我们g2010g2047g2164以g16840g7138g726a52a53a26a27a28a29a31a32a36a541）g1025g3842g3800理器（g38PU）g726g1025g3842g3800理器g11g38PUg12g7171g6984g1022单片机的核心部件，g71718g1313g6980g6466g4497g5242的g3800理器，能g3800理8g1313g1120进制g6980g6466g6122代g11733，g38PUg17139g17143控制、指g6393和g16855g5242g6984g1022单g1815系统g2339g16855的g5049作，g4448g6116g17828g12651和控制g17767入g17767出功能g12573操作。g21）g6980g6466存储器g11RAMg12g7268051内部g73891g218g10228g1313用g6155g6980g6466存储单g1815和1g218g1022g999用g4504存器单g1815，g4439们g7171统g980编g3348的，g999用g4504存器g2494能用于存g6930控制指令g6980g6466，用g6155g2494能g16787g19394，g13792不能用于存g6930用g6155g6980g6466，g6164以，用g6155能使用的RAMg2494g73891g218g1022，g2499存g6930g16847g1901的g6980g6466，g17828g12651的g1025g19400g13479果g6122用g6155定g1053的g4395型表。3）程序存储器g11ROMg12g7268051g1861g7389g2309g25g10228g1313掩g14192ROM，用于存g6930用g6155程序，原g3999g6980g6466g6122表g7696。g23）定时/计g6980器g11ROMg12g7268051g7389两g10221g25g1313的g2499编程定时/计g6980器，以实现定时g6122计g6980g1147g10995g1025断用于控制程序g17728向。5）g5194行g17767入g17767出g11I/Og12口g7268051g1861g7389g23g134648g1313I/O口g11P0、P1、Pg21g6122P3g12，用于对外部g6980g6466的传g17767。g25）g1852g2464g5049g1030行口g7268051内置g980g1022g1852g2464g5049g1030行g17902g1461口，用于g994g1866g4439设备g19400的g1030行g6980g6466传g17877，g16825g1030行口g7094g2499以用作异g8505g17902g1461g6922发器，也g2499以g5415同g8505g12239g1313器使用。7）g1025断系统g7268051g1867备g17751g4448g2904的g1025断功能，g7389两g1022外g1025断、两g1022定时/计g6980器g1025断和g980g1022g1030行g1025断，g2499g9397g17287不同的控制g16213g8726，g5194g1867g7389g21g13435的优g1820g13435g2047选g6333。Tg38Og49的g1025断g7643g5547g726g1313号7g255g233g2110g4395节地g3348g72688HIT0g726外部g1025断Ig49T0g16314发g7053g5347控制g1313。Ig400g726外部g1025断Ig49T0g1025断g16843g8726g7643g5547g1313。Ig400g321时，表g12046Ig49TO向g38PUg16843Tg411TR1Tg410TR0Ig401IT1Ig400TT0a26a27a28a29a31a32a36a55g8726g1025断。IT1g726外部g1025断Ig49T1g16314发g7053g5347控制g1313。Ig401g726外部g1025断Ig49T1g1025断g16843g8726g7643g5547g1313。Ig400g321时，表g12046Ig49T1向g38PUg16843g8726g1025断。Tg410g726定时/计g6980器T0g11422出g1025断g16843g8726g7643g5547g1313。在T0g2563动后就g5332g3999由出g1552g21641记g6980，g11464g14279g7380高g1313g1147g10995g11422出由硬件置g1313Tg410，向g38PUg2721应g1025断。g38PUg2721应g1025断时，Tg410由硬件g14270动g91770。Tg411g726定时/计g6980器T1g11422出g1025断g16843g8726g7643g5547g1313。g1025断g1813许控制g726g38PU对g1025断系统g6164g7389g1025断以及g7588g1022g1025断g9316的g5332g6930和g4643g15121g7171由g1025断g1813许g4504存器Ig40控制的。Ig40的g10378g5589g2499g17902g17819程序由软件设定。g7588g1313设定为1，相应的g1025断g9316g1813许g727g7588g1313设定为0，相应的g1025断g9316g4643g15121。g38PUg3809为时，Ig40各g1313g91770，g12117g8502g6164g7389g1025断。Ig40g4504存器g726g1313号7g255g233g2110g4395节地g3348g726A8Hg40g590g726外部Ig49T0g1025断g1813许g1313。g40T0g726定时/计g6980器T0g1025断g1813许g1313。g40g591g726外部Ig49T1g1025断g1813许g1313。g40T1g726定时/计g6980器T0g1025断g1813许g1313。g40Sg726g1030行口g1025断g1813许g1313。g40Ag726g38PUg1025断g1813许（总g1813许）g1313。g40Ag40Sg40T1g40g591g40T0g40g590a26a27a28a29a31a32a36a57第二章基于单片机AT89C51的99马表硬件系统2.1、基于单片机AT89C51的99马表原理2.11、主要功能：1）g5332g3999时，g7186g12046g25600g257，g125441g8437g6365下SP1后就g5332g3999计时。g21）g12544g21g8437g6365SP1后，计时g1584g8502。3）g125443g8437g6365SP1后，计时g5414g19658。a59a60a61a53a62a63a64a65a67a68a70a73a38a74a75a53a76a38a38a77a78a79a80a52a26a27a28a29a31a32a36a812.1.2、系统板上硬件连线1）g6238g256单片机系统g257g2318域g1025的P1.0/AD0g713P1.7/AD7g12483口g2010g2047用导g17842接g2052Lg40Dg6980g11733g7186g12046器Ug21的ag713hg12483口g990g727g16213g8726g726P1.0/AD0对应着a，P1.1/AD1对应着b，g258g258，P1.7/AD7对应着h。g21）g6238g256单片机系统g257g2318域g1025的Pg21.0/A8g713Pg21.7/A15g12483口g2010g2047用导g17842接g2052Lg40Dg6980g11733g7186g12046器U1的ag713hg12483口g990g727g16213g8726g726Pg21.0/A8对应着a，Pg21.1/A9对应着b，g258g258，Pg21.7/A15对应着h。3）g6238g256单片机系统g256g2318域g1025的P3.5/T1用导g13459g17842接g2052g257g10432g12447g5347g19202g11436g256g2318域g1025的SP1g12483口g990g7272.2、AT89S51的介绍AT89S51g7171g980种带g23Kg4395节闪g9877g2499编程g2499g6842g19512g2494g16847存储器（g41Pg40ROMg252g41alshProgrammableandg40rasableReadOnlyMemory）的g1314电g2399，高性能g38MOS8g1313g5506g3800理器，g1451称单片机。g16825器件采用ATMg40L高g4506g5242g19762g7143g3845存储器制g17908技术制g17908，g994g5049g1006g7643g1946的Mg38S-51指令集和g17767出g12661g14062相兼容。由于将多功能8g1313g38PU和闪g9877存储器g13464g2524在单g1022芯片g1025，ATMg40L的AT89g3851g7171g980种高g6940g5506控制器，为很多g4896入g5347控制系统g6564g1391了g980种g9801g8975性高且g1227g5277的g7053g7708。如图g21-g21a52a60a61a60AT89S51g5353g14062图a26a27a28a29a31a32a36a82a832.2.1、主要特性1g12g994Mg38S-51兼容g21g12g23Kg4395节g2499编程闪g9877存储器3g12g4563命g7261000g1901/g6842g5502g10627g23g12g6980g6466g1457g11053时g19400g72610年5g12g1852g19757g5589g5049作g7260Hz-g21g23Hzg25g12三g13435程序存储器锁定7g121g218*8g1313内部RAM8g123g21g2499编程I/Og134599g12两g10221g25g1313定时器/计g6980器10g125g1022g1025断g931611g12g2499编程g1030行g17902道1g21g12g1314功耗的闲置和掉电模g534713）片内振荡器和时钟电路2.2.2、管脚说明Vg38g38g726g1391电电g2399。Gg49Dg726接地。P0口g726P0口为g980g10228g1313漏g13435g5332路g2464向I/O口，每g14062g2499吸g69228TTL门电流。g5415P1口的g12661g14062g12544g980g8437g19011时，被定g1053为高阻g17767入。P0能g3827用于外部程序g6980g6466存储器，g4439g2499以被定g1053为g6980g6466/地g3348的g12544八g1313。在g41IASH编程时，P0口作为原g11733g17767入口，g5415g41IASH进行校验时，P0g17767出原g11733，此时P0外部必须被拉高。P1口g726P1口g7171g980g1022内部g6564g1391g990拉电阻的8g1313g2464向I/O口，P1口缓冲器能接a84a85a86a87a88a89a90a91a91g6922g17767出g23TTL门电流。P1口g12661g14062g1901入1后，被内部g990拉为高，g2499用作g17767入，P1口被外部下拉为g1314电平时，将g17767出电流，这g7171由于内部g990拉的缘故。在g41LASH编程和校验时，P1口作为g12544八g1313地g3348接g6922。Pg21口g726Pg21口为g980g1022内部g990拉电阻的8g1313g2464向I/O口，Pg21口缓冲器g2499接g6922，g17767出g23g1022TTL门电流，g5415Pg21口被g1901g2561g257时，g1866g12661g14062被内部g990拉电阻拉高，且作为g17767入。g5194g3252此作为g17767入时，Pg21口的g12661g14062被外部拉g1314，将g17767出电流。这g7171由于内部g990拉的缘故。Pg21口g5415用于外部程序存储器g61221g25g1313地g3348外部g6980g6466存储器进行存取时，Pg21口g17767出地g3348的高八g1313。在给出地g3348g2561g257时，g4439g2045用内部g990拉优势，g5415对外部八g1313地g3348g6980g6466存储器进行g16847g1901时，Pg21口g17767出g1866g10317殊功能g4504存器的内容。Pg21口在g41LASH编程和校验时接g6922高八g1313地g3348g1461号和控制g1461号。P3口g726P3口g12661g14062g71718g1022带内部g990拉电阻的g2464向I/O口，g2499接g6922g17767出g23g1022TTL门电流。g5415P3口g1901入g2561g257后，g4439们被内部g990拉为高电平，g5194用作g17767入。作为g17767入，由于外部下拉为g1314电平，P3口将g17767出电流（ILL）这g7171由于g990拉的缘故。P3口也g2499作为AT89g3851的g980g1135g10317殊功能口，如下表g6164g12046g726p3口g12661g14062备选功能1）P3.0Rg59D（g1030行g17767入口）g21）P3.1Tg59D（g1030行g17767出口）3）P3.g21/Ig49T0（外部g1025断0）g23）P3.3/Ig49T1（外部g1025断1）5）P3.g23T0（记时器0外部g17767入）g25）P3.5T1（记时器1外部g17767入）7）P3.g25/WR（外部g6980g6466存储器g1901选g17902）8）P3.7/RD（外部g6980g6466存储器g16847选g17902）9）P3口同时为闪g9877编程和编程校验接g6922g980g1135控制g1461号。RSTg726g3809g1313g17767入。g5415振荡器g3809g1313器件时，g16213g1457持RSTg14062两g1022机器周期的高电a84a85a86a87a88a89a90a91a92平时g19400。ALg40/PROGg726g5415g16787g19394外部存储器时，地g3348锁存g1813许的g17767出电平用于锁存地g3348的地g1313g4395节。在g41LASH编程期g19400，此g5353g14062用于g17767入编程脉冲。在平时，ALg40g12483以不变的频率周期g17767出正脉冲g1461号，此频率为振荡器频率的1/g25。g3252此g4439g2499用作对外部g17767出的脉冲g6122用于定时目的。然g13792g16213注g5859的g7171g726每g5415用作外部g6980g6466存储器时，将跳g17819g980g1022ALg40脉冲。如想g12117g8502ALg40的g17767出g2499在Sg41R8g40H地g3348g990置0。此时，ALg40g2494g7389在执行MOVg59，MOVg38指令g7171ALg40才g17227作用。另外，g16825g5353g14062被略g5506拉高。如果g5506g3800理器在外部执行g10378g5589ALg40g12117g8502，置g1313无g6940。PSg40g49g726外部程序存储器的选g17902g1461号。在由外部程序存储器取指期g19400，每g1022机器周期两g8437/PSg40g49g7389g6940。但在g16787g19394外部g6980g6466存储器时，这两g8437g7389g6940的/PSg40g49g1461号将不出现。g40A/VPPg726g5415g40Ag1457持g1314电平时，则在此期g19400外部程序存储器（0000H-g41g41g41g41H），不g12661g7171否g7389内部程序存储器。注g5859g2164g4506g7053g53471时，g40A将内部锁定为Rg40Sg40Tg727g5415/g40Ag12483g1457持高电平时，此g19400内部程序存储器。在g41LASH编程期g19400，此g5353g14062也用于施g21641g21V编程电g9316（VPP）。g59TAL1g726反向振荡g6930g3835器的g17767入及内部时钟g5049作电路的g17767入。g59TALg21g726来g14270反向振荡器的g17767出。2.2.3、振荡器特性g59TAL1和g59TALg21g2010g2047为反向g6930g3835器的g17767入和g17767出。g16825反向g6930g3835器g2499以配置为片内振荡器。石晶振荡和陶瓷振荡均g2499采用。如采用外部时钟g9316驱动器件，g59TALg21应不接。g7389余g17767入g14279内部时钟g1461号g16213g17902g17819g980g1022g1120g2010频g16314发器，g3252此对外部时钟g1461号的脉g4497无任何g16213g8726，但必须g1457证脉冲的高g1314电平g16213g8726的g4497g5242。2.2.4、芯片擦除g6984g1022Pg40ROM阵列和三g1022锁定g1313的电g6842g19512g2499g17902g17819正g11842的控制g1461号g13464g2524，g5194g1457持ALg40g12661g14062g3800于g1314电平10ms来g4448g6116。在芯片g6842操作g1025，代g11733阵列g1852被g1901g2561g257且在a84a85a86a87a88a89a90a91a93任何g19762空存储g4395节被重g3809编程以前，g16825操作必须被执行。此外，AT89S51设g7389稳g5589逻辑，g2499以在g1314g2052g19658频率的条件下g19757g5589逻辑，支持两种软件g2499选的掉电模g5347。在闲置模g5347下，g38PUg1584g8502g5049作。但RAM，定时器，计g6980器，g1030口和g1025断系统仍在g5049作。在掉电模g5347下，g1457存RAM的内容g5194且冻g13479振荡器，g12117g8502g6164用g1866他芯片功能，g11464g2052下g980g1022硬件g3809g1313为g8502。2.3、基于AT89S51的99马表外围电路设计2.3.1、复位电路系统g3809g1313g7171任何g5506机系统的g12544g980g8505，g4439能使g6984g1022控制芯片回g2052默认的硬件初g3999g10378g5589下。g3809g1313对单片机来g16840，就g7171回g2052初g3999g10378g5589，程序计g6980器赋g15520000H，为程序g17828行g1582好贮备g5049作。1）g3809g1313的实现:g5415在单片机的RSTg5353g14062g990g2164g990高电平g5194g1457持两g1022机器周期（g21g23g1022g3999终震荡周期），就g2499以g4448g6116g3809g1313操作。为了达g2052这g1022g16213g8726，g2499以使用很多g7053g8873，这里g6564g1391g980种g7053g8873参考，g1866电路图如g21-3g6164g12046。a94a95a96a91a97a91a98a99a100a101a102a103a104a92a105a93a106a107a108a109这种g3809g1313电路的g5049作原理g7171g726g17902电时，电容两段相g5415于g7171短路，于g7171RSTg5353g14062g990为高电平，然后电g9316g17902g17819电阻对电容充电，RSTg12483电g2399慢慢下降，g13475g17819g980段时g19400，达g2052g1314电平，单片机g5332g3999正常g5049作。a110