2011年中口翻译真题汇总.doc

2011.3EC:A majority of the worlds climate scientists have convinced themselves, and also a lot of laymen, some of whom have political power, that the Earths climate is changing; that change, from humanitys point of view, is for the worse; and that the cause is human activity, in the form of excessive emissions of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide. 世界上大部分气候学家已经使他们自己及许多普通民众（包括一些政界人士）确信：地球的气候正处于变化之中；对于人类而言，这一变化正日趋严重；这一现象的罪魁祸首是人类活动，其表现形式为过量排放二氧化碳之类的温室气体。 majority: 大多数 layman: 门外汉 in laymans terms: 用通俗易懂的语言解释greenhouse gas: 温室气体 acid rain: 酸雨 自然灾害： hurricane 飓风 tsunami 海啸 typhoon 台风 volcano erupting 火山爆发 mud sliding 泥石流 drought 干旱 dust storm 沙尘暴 seismic activity 地震 A minority, though, are sceptical. Some think that recent data suggesting the Earths average temperature is rising are explained by natural variations in solar radiation, and that this trend may be coming to an end. Others argue that there is no conclusive evidence that modern temperatures are higher than they used to be.（注意被动语态的处理be explained by）但是，仍有一小部分人对此持怀疑态度。一些人表示：虽然近期的数据表明地球的平均气温正在升高，但其原因是太阳辐射的自然波动，这一趋势可能临近结束。另一些人认为并没有决定性证据表明近现代的地球温度高于古代。 minority: 少数人 conclusive: 确凿的 we believe that global warming is a serious threat, and that the world needs to take steps to try to avert it. That is the job of the politicians. But we do not believe that climate change is a certainty. There are no certainties in science. Prevailing theories must be constantly tested against evidence, and more evidence collected, and the theories tested again. That is the job of the scientists. (注意两个job的处理） 我们认为，全球变暖是人类面临的严重威胁，世界各国需要采取措施，竭力避免这一问题。这是政治家的职责。但是我们也相信气候变化并不是必然的。科学无绝对。盛行的理论必须不断得到实际证据的检验。一旦搜集到了新的证据，就需要进行再次验证。这是科学家的任务。 global warming: 全球变暖 avert: 避免 prevailing: 流行的CE:豫园是上海著名的古典园林，已有400多年的历史。花园设计独特，具有明清两代南方的建筑艺术的风格。园内共有40余景，景色自然迷人，亭台楼阁、假山池塘和谐对称、协调均衡，其布局之精致自古闻名江南。Yu Yuan Garden is a famous classical garden in Shanghai, with a history of more than 400 years. Ingenious in design, the garden is typical of the southern architectural style of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It has some 40 different scenes, presenting an attractive landscape. The pavilions, terraces, towers, rockeries and ponds are laid out in perfect harmony and balance. This exquisite layout has been renowned in the south of the Yangtze River since ancient times.豫园原为明代一位大官的私家花园，始建于1559年，直到20年后才建成。此后曾几经变迁，屡遭摧残。所幸的是，从1949年上海解放时，园内的主要景点尚完好无损。从1956年开始，豫园经过多次修缮，重现其昔日光彩。Yu Yuan Garden was originally a private garden of a high-ranking official in the Ming Dynasty. Construction of the garden started in 1559, and it was not completed until 20 years later/ it took two decades to complete the construction. Later on, it underwent many changes and suffered repeated devastation. Luckily, by the time Shanghai was liberated in 1949, main scenic points in the garden were still in good condition. After a number of renovations which first began in 1956, Yu Yuan Garden has regained its splendor of the former days.2011.9EC：The relative decline of American education at the elementary- and high-school levels has long been a national embarrassment as well as a threat to the nations future. Once upon a time, American students tested better than any other students in the world. Now, ranked against European schoolchildren, America does about as well as Lithuania, behind at least 10 other nations.相对看来，美国从小学到高中的教育质量一直在下滑，这对于整个民族的未来来说，不仅是窘境，也是一种威胁。从前，比起世界上任何一个国家的学生，美国学生更擅长于测试。而现在，与欧洲的在读孩子相比，美国学生的水平仅与立陶宛旗鼓相当被其他10个国家远远甩开。 elementary school: 小学 high school: 高中 junior high school: 初中 vocational school: 职业学校 compulsory education: 义务教育For much of this timeroughly the last half centuryprofessional educators believed that if they could only find the right pedagogy, the right method of instruction, all would be well. They tried New Math, open classrooms, Whole Languagebut nothing seemed to achieve significant or lasting improvements.就这个时代而言大概从上世纪后五十年开始，教育界专家们认为如果他们能找到正确的教学法，能用正确的方法给予教导，那么这种教育将是无可挑剔的。为此，他们尝试过新数学教学模式、开放式教室、全语言教育，但是似乎没有一个尝试取得了有意义的或是持久的改善。 pedagogy: 教学法New Math: 新数学教学模式； 指通过抽象概念来强调数学结构。Open classrooms: 开放式教室；指不同年级不同能力的学生在一个大教室里学习。Whole language: 全语言教育；指把语言视为一个整体沟通系统，让学习者能够通过亲身经历来学习。Yet in recent years researchers have discovered something that may seem obvious, but for many reasons was overlooked or denied. What really makes a difference, what matters more than the class size or the textbook, the teaching method or the technology, or even the curriculum, is the quality of the teacher. Much of the ability to teach is innatean ability to inspire young minds as well as control unruly classrooms that some people instinctively possess (and some people definitely do not). Teaching can be taught, to some degree, but not the way many graduate schools of education do it, with a lot of insipid or marginally relevant theorizing and pedagogy. In any case the research shows that within about five years, you can generally tell who is a good teacher and who is not.而近些年来，研究人员发现了一些看起来十分明显，但却由于各种各样的原因而被忽视或否定的东西。他们认为，造成教学效果差异的，比教学规模和教科书更为重要的，比教学方法或者科技手段更不容忽略的，是教师的质量。教书育人的能力大多是与生俱来的，即激发朝气蓬勃的思想、驾驭难以管教的班级。有些人天生就具有这样的能力；很明显，有些人并非如此。在一定程度上，“教”是可以被传授的，但这种“教”并不意味着就是许多教育学研究生院课上所教的那样灌输的大都是些枯燥乏味且与实际教学脱节的理论和教学法。总之，这项研究表明：在五年内，你就可以辨别出哪些是优秀的老师，而哪些不是。 overlook: 忽视 oversee: 监管 overestimate: 过高估计 overhear: 无意中听到innate: 与生俱来的 insipid: 枯燥无味的 curriculum: 课程 extra-curriculum: 课外的CE：越来越多受英文教育的海外华人父母，已经认识到孩子在掌握不可或缺的英文的同时，也通晓中文的重要性。中国的崛起，让他们充分认识到孩子掌握双语的好处既能增加他们的就业机会，也能让他们接触和熟悉东西方两种不同的文化。An increasing number of English-educated Chinese parents overseas have come to the realization that while English learning is indispensable to their children, it is essential that their kids have a good command of Chinese. Chinas rise has fully awakened their awareness of the fact that their kids can benefit from their bilingual abil