航空飞行仪表Jeep图表英文培训课件

1 AirlineTransitionCourse JeppesenChartReview 2 EnrouteCharts 3 TypesofEnrouteChartsLowAltitude L ChartPortrayVictorAirwaysFromthelowestusableIFRaltitudeupto17 999 52charts US LO 1 2throughUS LO 51 52Scaleusually1 10NMSometimes1 20NM 4 TypesofEnrouteChartsHighAltitude JetCharts PortrayJetRoutesFrom18 000 toFL450ThescaleforthewesternhalfoftheUSischartedat1 40NMwhiletheeasternhalfis1 25NM 5 TypesofEnrouteChartsArea ShadedareasonfrontpanelofenroutechartdepictareaswhereAreaChartsexist Largerscaletodepictmoredetail1 7 5NM 6 RevisionCycle 42daysadvancednoticeisrequiredpriortomajoraeronauticalchanges ICAO Theeffectivedateofthechangemustfallon day1 ofa28 cycle Changestoenroutechartsareeffectiveat0901Zon day1 whichalwayshappenstobeaThursday Jeppesenenroutechartsarerevisedeveryother28daycycle Ifnochangesaremadetothechartthenitisnotrevised 7 EnrouteTextPages Eachtextpagehasanamecenteredatthetopindicatingthesectiontowhichitbelongs Thesenamesmatchthetabpages Apagenumbercanbefoundintheupperleftorrightcorner IfthepagenumberisprefixedwithUSitcanonlybefoundinUSmanuals notinternational 8 EnrouteTextPagesContents LegendAirDefenseIdentificationZonesFloridaKeysFreeAreaInFlightWeatherAdvisoryReferenceLocationsStratificationofUnitedStatesAirspaceSystemHighDensityTrafficAirportsPreferredIFRRoutesTowerEnrouteControl TEC CityPairsChartNOTAMs 9 PreferredIFRRoutes PreferredIFRroutesoriginallycomefromLettersofAgreementbetweendifferentAirTrafficControlfacilitiesandStandardOperatingProcedureswithinanATCfacility Thesearetheroutescontrollerswouldlikeyoutofly IfyoudonotfileaPreferredRoutemanytimesATCwillamendyourclearancetoreflectthepreferredroute 10 TowerEnrouteControl TEC CityPairs TowerEnrouteControlmeansthatyouwillbeabletoflybetweenthetwocitieslistedwithouthavingtocontactanARTCC YouwillstillcommunicatewithTerminalATCS ForinstanceonaflightfromKDABtoKPIEyouwillspeaktoDaytonaApproach OrlandoApproachandTampaApproach YouwillnotspeakwithJacksonvilleorMiamiARTCCs 11 ChartNOTAMs IncludedbehindtheirowntabThesepagesarerevisedandreissuedeverytwoweeks 12 EnrouteChartsFrontPanel 13 GeographicAreas Numberswitharrowsindicatethegeographicalarealocatedonthatsideofthechart Directlybelowthechartidentifyingnumbersisthescaleofthechart 14 Changes Eachtimeachangeismadetoanenroutechart thechartisrevised andthechangethatcausedtherevisionislistedonthefrontpanelofthechart 15 AirspaceRules Asummaryofairspacerulesislocatedbeneaththemaponthefrontpanel 16 TimeZones Timezonesareshownonthefrontpanel Theyareindicatedbyaseriesofletter T s onthemap ThechartsincludetoconversiontoUTCforbothdaylightsavingstimeandstandardtimewithineachtimezone 17 CommunicationsTabulation Aproductofa JeppesenListens program Itisreplacingthecitylocationguide 18 CommunicationsTabulation Wordsinboldtypeindicatethenamestobeusedinvoicecommunications ForinstancewhenarrivingatNampa Idaho BoiseApproachisthecontrollingfacility 19 CommunicationTabulation Thecapital R afterAppindicatesthatradarisavailable AnysectorizationoffrequenciesisdisplayedontheCommTab ForinstancewhenapproachingSaltLakeCitynorthof41 Nbelow8000 contactSaltLakeCityApproachon121 1 20 HemisphericAltitudes AremindershowingtheappropriatecruisingaltitudesforVFRandIFRisincludedinschematicformatthebottomofthefrontpanel Remember 91 179saysthattheeast westhemisphericrulesapplyonlytooperationsinuncontrolledairspace 21 Zig Dex HasreplacedtheCityLocationGuide Placethethumbofeithertherightorlefthandonthenameatthetopofthebackpanelandslidethethumbtotheinsideofthechart Thiswillopenthecharttothedesiredarea 22 ChartFace 23 ChartEdges Whenapproachingtheedgeofacharttheadjoiningchartisshownbyashadedblueline InthiscaseUS LO 18isthenextcharttothenorthandwest 24 Lat Long Latitudeandlongitudelinesandtheirvaluesareshownonthefaceofthecharttoassistwithfindinggeographicfeaturesbasedontheirlat long 25 VORFacilities EveryVORfacilityhasacompassrosesurroundingthelocationoftheVOR Asinglelineextendsfromthe360radialtoindicatemagneticnorth Aboxadjacenttothecompassrosegivesthename frequency thethreeletterandMorsecodeidentifiers anditsclass TheshadowboxindicatesthattheVORispartoftheenroutestructure AVORwithDMEisindicatedbyscallopsinsidethecompassroseandasmallDtotheleftoftheVOR The 9 ontheboxatBozemanshowsthatadditionalinformationaboutBozemanissomewhereonthesameenroutechartpanel 26 ReportingPoints OnUSchartsnoncompulsoryreportingpointsatnavaidsarenotcharted Thisisbecauseallnavaidsarepotentialreportingpoints Noncompulsoryreportingpointsareotherwiseindicatedwithanopentriangle CompulsoryreportingpointsatVORsareindicatedbyasolidtriangleinthecenterofacompassrose 27 TerminalVORs IfaterminalVORisnotusedforenrouteflightphasesitisnotboxedontheenroutechart MostVORsareforbothVFRandIFRuse TheterminalVORatBuffalohoweverisforVFRuseonly Thisisannotatedonthechart 28 TACANs PureTACANsdonothavecompassrosessincetheazimuthcannotbeusedbymostcivilianpilots DMEinformationcanbereceivedviaVHFandisshownwiththeTACANinformation 29 NDBs Non directionalradiobeaconsareshownbyathreegreenconcentriccircles NDBsalsonormallyhaveatickmarkabovethefacilityjustlikeVORs 30 Localizers Alllocalizersarenowshownonenroutechartstoindicatetheiravailability Localizersthathaveanenroutefunction forinstanceforminganintersection areshownwiththeirfrequencies Localizerswithnoenroutefunctionareindicatedbythelocalizer feather only 31 Communications Allavailablefrequenciesarenow stacked abovetheairportinformationinthefollowingsequence ATISASOSAWOS 3RCOLAACTAF 32 FSS AllFlightServiceStationsfrequenciesareshownonthefaceofthechartnearthelocationoftheirantennae Sincethefirsttwodigitsofflightservicefrequenciesarealways12 theyarenotshownontheenroutecharts InthisexampletheFSSfrequencyforGreatFallsFSSis122 55 33 RCOs Theexactlocationforremotecommunicationoutletsisshownasasmalldotwithacirclearoundit Againthe 12 inthefrequencyisdroppedout TheFSSstationislistednexttotheRCOfrequency Thenameofthesiteislistedintheboxbeneaththefrequency Thenamehasnoaeronauticaluseexceptforrevisions 34 CenterFrequencies Centerfrequencyboxesareplacedasclosetothereceiversiteaspossible ARTCCboundariesareshownwithathinlinewithticksalternatingonbothsidesoftheexactARTCCboundary 35 AirportInformation Whenanairportnameisinallcapitalletterstheairporthassometypeofapprovedstandardinstrumentapproachprocedure Non IFRairportsareprintedinUPPERandlowercaseletters AlsoonUSchartsIFRairportsareshowninblue Non IFRareshowningreen 36 AirportInformation Thestackofinformationavailableforanairportincludesthefollowing CityNameAirportName ifdifferent FourletterID ifalllettersandnonumbers otherwisethreeletterID RunwayLengthroundedtothenearesthundredwithseventybeingthebreakoffpoint AirportElevation 37 ControlledAirspace 38 ClassA ThereisnosymbolonJeppesenChartsforClassA Anoteonthefrontpanelofthehighaltitudeenroutechartstatesthatallairspaceatandabove18 000 uptoandincludingFL600isClassA 39 ClassB TheClassBairspaceboundaryattheuppermostlevelisshownontheJeppesenenrouteandareachartsbyalightmagentashadedarea InsetintheClassBlineisthecapitalletterBtoadditionallyidentifytheairspacetype ClassBairspacechartsareincludedas10 1AchartsatthebeginningofeachoftheJeppesenapproachchartsattheairportswhereClassBisineffect 40 ClassC ClassCairspaceissimilartotheClassBairspacesymbol ThemaindifferenceisthattheClassCairspacesymbolisblueandcontaintheletter C ontheperimeter ThetopoftheClassCairspacearoundeachairportisincludedbelowthewhichincludesthenameoftheairport 41 ClassD ClassDissymbolizedasadashedbluelinearoundanairportwithaDwithinthedashes 42 ClassE Allairspaceatorabove14 500 isClassE Thisisnotcharted ClassEaroundanairportissymbolizedasadashedbluelinewithanEinit 43 SpecialVFR AtanyairportwithinClassC D orEairspacewiththeairspaceshownasdashedlinesSpecialVFRisavailable IftheairspaceisringedwithshadedmagentasquaresSpecialVFRisnotpermitted 44 Part TimeControlledAirspace Anasteriskindicatesthatairspaceisonlypart time Todeterminethehoursofoperationthebackpaneloftheenroutecharthasacompletelistingofallthepart timecontrolledairspace 45 BasesofControlledAirspace Allairspacebelow14 500 isshownaswhiteareas Iftheairspaceisuncontrolledbelow14 500 itisshadedonthechart 46 SpecialUseAirspace 47 SpecialUseAirspace SUAairspaceisshownasamagentaboxshowingtheaffectedarea Theinformationblockincludesupperandlowerlimitsofthearea RestrictedandProhibitedairspaceusedmorehashesperinchintheboundariesthanMOAsandWarningAreas 48 MilitaryOperationAreas MOAsareonlydepictedon L charts MOAsshowthelateralboundariesbutverticallimitsandhoursofoperationareincludedonapanelonthechartincludingthecontrollingagency sname 49 AirspaceRestrictedAreas NormallyalloftheinformationregardingSUAsisfoundonthefaceoftheenroutechartneartherespectivearea Incaseswherecongestionlimitsspaceonthefaceofthechart SUAsandtheirlimitsarelistedonthebottomofthefrontpanel Alsoallpart timeterminalairspaceisshownonthechartpanel 50 Airways Originallyairbornehighwayswerenumberedthesameasthegroundhighwaysbeneaththem ForexampleV 2closelyparallelsUSHighway2acrossthenorthernUS Evennumberedairwaysusuallyruneast westwhereasoddnumberedrunnorth southsimilartotheinterstates 51 Airways AllairwaysintheUSareformedbymagneticradialsfromVORs rarelyNDBs DuetothehighmagneticvariationvaluesneartheNorthPole courseswhichdefineairwaysintheNorthernDomesticAirspacearetrue Ontheenroutechartsthedegreesfortheradialarefollowedbya T iftrueisused 52 MinimumAltitudes FAR91 177statesthatnopersonmayoperateanaircraftunderIFRbelowtheapplicableminimumaltitudesprescribedinParts95and97 AlltheMEAsMOCAs MRA andMCAs foundonthechartsarethosealtitudesprescribedbyPart95 Part97discussesMDAsandDHs 53 MEAsandMOCAs MinimumEnrouteAltitudes MEA andMinimumObstructionClearanceAltitudes MOCA assurea2 000 terrainclearanceformountainousterrainand1 000 terrainclearancefornon mountainous ProvidedbyofficialFAAsources 54 MEAsandMOCAs MEAassuresbothterrainclearanceandnavigationcoveragealongthelengthoftheairway MOCAassuresterrainclearancealongthelengthoftheairwaybutnavigationcoverageonlywithin22NMoftheVOR MOCAisshownnexttoMEAwitha T followingthealtitude Remember T isforterrain 55 MEAchanges IfanMEAchangesatanintersectionasmall T barisattheendoftheairwayline 56 Mileage Thenumbersadjacenttotheairwaydesignators andenclosedinthesix sidedbox representthetotaldistancebetweennavigationfacilities Whenanairwayisbrokenbyintersectionsthevariousleglengthsareshownbynumbersnotenclosedinabox 57 ChangeoverPoints COPsassurecontinuousreceptionofnavigationsignalsattheMEAandalsoassurethatyouwillnotreceiveazimuthsignalsfromtwodifferentnavigationfacilitiesonthesamefrequency WhenanairwaydoesnothaveaspecifiedCOPanddoesnotbendtheCOPisatthemidwaypoint IfaCOPisneededotherthanhalfwayorabenditwillbeshownonthechartwiththedistancesfromeachfacilityifnotco locatedwithanintersection 58 Intersections Intersectionsonairways alsoknownasreportingpoints areusedfor ATCpurposesLocationsforaltitudechangesAndastransitionpoints 59 X An X symbolisnotanintersection Itisabendintheairway Anameisincludedinaparenthesis thisisforusewithaGPSorFMS 60 IdentifyingIntersections Mostintersectionsareformedbyradialsandcanbeidentifiedbythatmethod SomecanbeidentifiedbyDME ThisisshownbyaDwithanarrowpointingattheintersectionIftheintersectionisnotthefirstfromtheVORthenaDMEdistanceisincludedtoavoidmatherrors 61 Off AirwayNavigation Twomeansofplottingoffairwayroutes Standardenroutecharts HighLowAreaRNAVcharts 62 Low HighCharts Manydonotsharethesamescaleandmakesplottingdirectroutesdifficult ForinstanceintheHighseriesofchartsthewesthalfoftheUSischartedat1 40NMwhiletheeasthalfis1 25NM 63 VORsforDirectRouteNavigation Whenflyingdirectoff airwayroutesbyVORremembertoapplytheFAAdistancelimitations Abriefsummaryis TherearetimeswhenATCwillinitiateadirectroutethatexceedsthestateddistances WhenthathappensATCwillprovideradarmonitoringandnavigationalassistanceasnecessary 64 GPSforDirectRouteNavigation ATCwillallowit HoweverwhenfilingforlongdirectroutesusingGPSandnottheVORnavaids therouteswillbeapprovedonlyinaradarenvironment 65 GPSasaSubstitute TheFAAnowallowsGPStosubstituteforallDMEsandNDBsintheUS GPSmustbeapprovedforterminalIFRoperations 66 RNAVCharts 11ChartstocovertheentireUS 1 30NMFirstpublishedin1968whenthefirstRNAVcomputerenteredthemarketplaceCLC 60madebyNarco 67 DeterminingMagneticCourses ThereisaJeppesenPlotterincludedwiththeRNAVchartsthatcanbeusedtodeterminecourses 68 MORAs MinimumOff RouteAltitudeShowninone degreeintervals 69 ObstructionCriteriaMORA OnJeppesenChartsallMORAaltitudeswhichare6 000 orlowerhaveanobstacleclearanceof1 000 IftheMORAaltitudesare7 000 orgreatertheobstacleclearanceis2 000 70 OROCA OffRouteObstructionClearanceAltitude OnlyprovidedintheUnitedStates JeppesenMORAsarethesamealtitudesasFAAOROCAintheUS 71 ObstructionClearanceOROCA 2 000 ofterrainclearanceindesignatedmountainousterrain 1 600 ofterrainclearanceindesignatedmountainousterrainifthereisgoodlocalaltimetryandthelocalterrainisnotverydangerous 1 000 innon mountainousterrain 72 FlightPlans TheFAAsaysthatalldirectroutesshouldbeplannedtoavoidprohibitedorrestrictedairspacebyatleastthreenauticalmiles IfabendisrequiredtoavoidanSUAthentheturningpointmustbeincludedintheflightplan AtleastonepointineachARTCCmustbeincludedintheflightplan Thispointmustbewithin200NMoftheprecedingARTCC sboundary 73 LAT LONG Theformatforlatitudeandlongitudefortheflightplanisfournumbersforlatitudeandfiveforlongitudewithlat longseparatedwithaslash Forinstance N39 28 0 W104 54 5 is3928 10455 74 ApproachCharts 75 Chartsvs Procedures Instrumentapproachproceduresaredesignedbygovernmentauthorities WhenanapproachprocedureisissuedbytheFAA theofficialform8260innarrativeformatisdistributedtochartingagencies Eachapproachyou shoot isincompliancewithFARPart97andothers IntheUSapproachproceduresareissuedinaccordancewithFAA sTERPs 76 ApproachChartSequence TohelpyoufindtheproperchartinthemanualJeppesenhascreatedachartfilingsystem Thefilingsystemishelpfulwhenfindingapproacheswhileairborneandwhilefilingrevisionsontheground Theapproachchartcityname stateandairportnameareallthesameastheenroutecharts 77 AlphabeticallybyState WithineachAirwayManual theapproachchartsarearrangedalphabeticallybythestatename AcompleteUSAcoveragewouldcovereighttwo inchAirwayManuals Jeppesenchartsissuedtoairlinepilotsaresequencedinorderofcitynamenotstate Thisisduetothelimitednumberofairportsagivenairlineoperatesat 78 AlphabeticallybyCity Withineachstatetheapproachchartsaresequencedalphabeticallybycityname JeppesenliststheassociatedcitynameaccordingtotheFAAdocumentsusedtomakeapproachcharts 79 IndexNumbers InordertokeepthesortingsystemstraightinyourAirwayManual Jeppesenusesanindexnumberwhichisatthetopofeveryapproachchart Thisnumberisusuallyathreeorfourdigitnumber Ithelpstosortairportswithincitynamesanditalsohelpstosorttheapproachesinpropersequenceateachairport 80 IndexNumbers Thefirstnumber1intheindexnumber11 1atDenverisusedforDenverInt l theprincipalairport Thefirstnumberisarbitrarilychosenanddoesn tnecessarilyindicateadescendingorderofairportcapability AllchartsforKDENstartwiththenumber1 JeffcoAirportislistedasthesecondairportunderDenverandhasanindexnumberof21 1 81 IndexNumbers Thesecondnumberwithintheindexovalisalsousedforsorting Theapproachwiththegreatestprecisionandthelowestminimumsusuallyhasthelowestindexnumber 82 IndexNumbers Non approachchartsusezeroasthesecondnumber Thiscouldincludethefollowingtypeofcharts 1AreaCharts 1AClassBCharts 2STARCharts 3DPorSIDCharts 9AirportDiagramsatLargeAirportsForinstancea10 2ChartcouldbeaSTARchartforKDENinthisexample 83 IndexNumbers Iftwoormoreofthesametypeofapproachareavailableattheairportthenthethirddigitbecomesvaluable Thethirddigitisusedtosequencethecharts 84 BriefingStrip TheBriefingStripisdesignedtoreviewthemostimportantpiecesofinformationpriortoflyinganapproach 85 BriefingStrip TheBriefingStripcontainsthefollowinginformation CommunicationDataPrimarynavaidfortheapproachFinalapproachcourseFieldelevationProcedureidentification 86 ApproachTitles Ifarunwayisdesignatedforanapproach i e ILS17L straightinminimumsapplyonlytothatrunway Ifarunwaycannotbedesignatedasstraightin iftheapproachcourseisnotwithin30degreesorapproachgradientistoosteep 400 NM thenahyphenwithaletterisplacedaftertheapproachtype IEVOR A IftheapproachislabeledwithDMEaspartofthetitleDMEmustbeusedinshootingtheapproach RememberGPScanbeusedforDMEinformation 87 MinimumSectorAltitudes Emergencyuseonly AnMSAprovidesatleast1 000 ofobstructionclearancewithina25NMradiusofthefixdesignatedbelowtheMSAcircle Thisisbothinmountainousandnon mountainousterrain 88 MinimumSectorAltitudes Shouldnotbeusedinflightplanningfortworeasons InmountainterrainareasFAR91 177statesthatanaltitudeof2 000 mustbemaintainedabovethehighestobstacle SinceMSAsarenotflightaltitudes theFAAdoesnotmonitornewobstructionsascriticallyasthosewhichunderlyflightpaths 89 Communications Thecommunicationfrequenciesaredisplayedintheordertheywillmostlikelybeusedduringarrival ATISApproach R meansradarisavailable TowerGround 90 AltimeterSettings Sinceanaltimetersettingisrequiredforflyinganinstrumentapproach theremotealtimetersourceisspecifiedwhenthelocalaltimetersettingisnotavailable Aremotealtimetersettingcannotbeatadistanceofgreaterthan75NMoratanaltitudemoreorlessthan6000 offieldelevation 91 ChartNOTAMs JustliketheenrouteNOTAMsSamesectionbutbehindtheenrouteNOTAMs 92 Changes Everyweek about53 000changesaremadetoJeppesencharts Whenchartsareissuedchangesareindicatedatthelowerleftofeachapproach DP STARandClassBairspacechart 93 PlanView 94 PlanView Theplanviewisdrawntoscale Thescaleisshownontheleftmarginoftheplanview Itisnormally1 5NM 95 PlanView Mostofthesymbologyusedonenroutechartsisidenticaltothesymbologyusedontheapproachcharts Thelocalizerbackcourseisonlyincludedinoneofthefollowingcases Itispartofamissedapproach ItispartofatransitionLocalizerbackcourseApproaches 96 PlanView Theinboundmagneticcourseonanapproachisgiveninboldnumbers Theoutboundcourseisshownadjacenttotheholdingpatternoutbound ornexttotheprocedureturnifusedforcoursereversal 97 PlanView ThefrequencyforILS LOCapproachesisplacedwithinanelongatedovalnexttotheap