(最析)高中英主必修4-Module-6-Unexplained-Mysteries-of-the-Natural-World.中知识点整理三.doc

必修4 Module 6 Unexplained Mysteries of the Natural World.知识点整理三30.that用来指代上文的内容。在讲话或写作时，that是承上的，用于指过去说的事，有“如上”或“那样”之意；而this是启下的，用于指将要说的事，有“如下”或“这样”之意。 so 和that不能用来代替前文中出现过的某一个词，而是某一件事;it可以代替前文中出现过的某一个词。 Her mother was ill.Thats why she couldnt come to school.This is the news Ill tell you.以下是我要告诉你的消息。The answer is this: you can only grow crops in the forest for one or two years.答案就是：在森林里种庄稼你只能种一年或两年时间 (1)When was_?_was in 1998 when he was in middle school. A.that;it B.this;This C.this;It D.that;This (2)Look at the lady over there.Shes already forty.You are joking.She doesnt look_.A.so B.that C.it D.this(3) I dont mind her criticizing me , but _ is how she does it that I object to. A.it B.that C.this D.which(4)He is honest and warm-hearted._is why we trust him.A.It B.That C.This D.These(5)To enjoy just how great_is to be alive,we have to look around to add to life experience.A.that B.one C.it D.all(6)Sometimes it was a bit boring to work there because there wasnt always_much to do.A.such B.that C.more D.very (1)A that作指示代词，代替前面提到的事，it作代词，指代时间 (2)C it 指 her age。look ones age 为习语，意为“容貌与年龄相称”(3)A我并不介意她批评我，但我反感的是她批评我的方式。后句采用强调句型：It is + 强调部分 + that + 未被强调部分。如果去掉it is和that后，剩下是一个完整的句子：I object to how she does it. (4)B (5)C要想体会到活下来是多么的伟大，我们必须要先打量一下我们周遭的事物来丰富我们的人生经验。It作形式主语(6)B that much相当于so much，本句中that为程度副词。31.妙辨异同：adopt,adapt与adjust的辨析(1)adopt vt采用，采纳；收养adoption dpn n采用，采纳；领养，收养adopted dptd adj被收养的，被采用的adopted son/daughter养子/养女adoptive dptv adj采用的；有收养关系的adoptive mother/father养父/养母We all like our new English teacher,because she adopted a new method of teaching.我们都喜欢我们的新英语老师，因为她采用了新的教学方法。Our suggestion was adopted.我们的建议被采纳了。Mr John adopted the orphan :fn as his own son.约翰先生将那孤儿收养为自己的儿子。(2)adapt dpt 使适应；改编 adaptable dptbl adj能适应的，适应性强的adaptation dpten n适应，适应性；改编本adapt to适应adapt sb to使某人适应adaptfor把改编成adaptfrom根据改编He adapted himself to his new life after he went to England.他去英国后，使自己适应了新的生活。Most students have little difficulty adapting to college life.大部分学生适应大学生活没什么困难。The author is going to adapt his play for TV series.作者准备把他的剧本改编成电视剧。This film is adapted from a true story.这部电影改编自一个真实的故事。In the course of adaptation,much beauty was lost.在改编的过程中，许多优美之处丧失了。 (3)adjust dst vt 调整，适应 (adjust to)(1)The recommendation rekmenden推荐，建议 that our pay_was not_.(recommend rekmend动词，“推荐，建议”)A.raised;adopting B.be raised;adopted C.should raised;to adopt D.should be raised;to adopt(2)To his surprise,the suggestion he put forward at the meeting was not be_.A.adopted B.abandoned C.adapted D.adjusted(3)After much deliberation dlbren考虑，深思熟虑,the president decided to_her suggestion.A.adopt B.adapt C.adore D.admire(4)I regret for not having_his advice,otherwise I wouldnt have suffered such a lot of loss in business.A.adapted B.adopted C.adjusted D.accessed(5)There are many techniques(technique tekni:k技巧，技术) that you can_to help you in managing your time better.A.adopt B.adjust C.adapt D.addict(6)Dont_.You will_new customs and different ways of thinking.A.lose your heart;apply to B.lose heart;apply yourself toC.lose your heart;adapt to D.lose heart;adapt yourself to(7)In an effort to maintain(保持) social balance,the Chinese government several years ago_a policy of encouraging college graduates to take official positions in rural areas.A.adapted B.adjusted C.adopted D.admitted(8)He is quick to adapt himself_in the country.A.to live B.to living C.living D.in living(9)The good things about children is that they_very easily to new environments.A.adapt B.appeal C.attach D.apply(10)介词填空a)These styles can be adapted_suit individual tastes.b)The movie was adapted_a novel.c)Our eyes slowly adapted_the dark.(11)The good thing about children is that they_(适应)very easily to new environments.(12)Little Tom easily_(adapt) himself to the American life as he moved to the USA with his parents when he was only three.（单句填空）(13)It was the culture,rather than the language,_made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.（单句填空）(14)When you go to a new country,you must a_yourself to new manners and customs.（单词填空）(15)The author is going to adapt his stories_movies.（介词填空）(1)B我们的工资应被提高的这项建议没有被采纳。recommendation后的从句是同位语从句，从句中的谓语动词该用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。(2)A (3)A总经理再三考虑之后，决定采纳她的建议。(4)B (5)A你可以采用很多技巧来帮助你更好地利用时间。(6)D不要灰心，你会适应新的风俗与不同的思维方式的。(7)C为了保持社会平衡，几年前中国政府采取了一项政策，鼓励大学毕业生到农村去当村官。(8)B (9)A (10)a)to 这些样式都可改正（改编）以适应个人不同的爱好 b)from c)to(11)adapt (12)adapted (13)that (14)adapt (15)for这位作家打算将他的小说改编成电影。32.come straight to the point谈正题，谈主要问题，开门见山 Ill come straight to the pointwe need more money.我就直说吧，我们需要更多的钱。 Im in a hurry,so come straight to the point.我赶时间，所以直截了当地说吧。to the point切题，中肯 be on the point of正要 beside/off the point不切正题，无关紧要 miss the point没听懂 make a point提出一个论点，证实一个论点 when it comes/came to the point到了关键时刻，到该做决定时 theres no point (in) doing sth做某事没有意义 The message was short and to the point. He was on the point of going out when it began to rain. Theres no point in complaining;they never take any notice.埋怨没有用，他们根本不理睬。 (1)What do you think of my work,Kate?Ill come_to the pointyour work isnt good enough.A.friendly B.straight C.honestly D.politely(2)Most of us know we should cut down on fat,but knowing such things isnt much help when it_shopping and eating.A.refers to B.speaks of C.focuses on D.comes to(3)Were just trying to reach a point_both sides will sit down together and talk.A.where B.that C.when D.which(4)We have wasted a lot of time chatting here.Now we ought to_.OK.Lets begin.A.get down to B.make a deal C.throw light on D.come to the point(5)介词填空a)I like our headmasters speech;it was clear and_the point.b)Im afraid what youre saying now is_the point.c)Jack was_the point of doing his homework when he heard his name called.(6)Oh,come on.Just come straight_the point.Im very busy now!OK.To tell the truth,I need your help with my paper.(介词填空)(7)_(没有意义)complaining.It doesnt make difference.(point)(1)B (2)D我们大多数人知道应该减肥。但这方面的知识在谈到吃饭和购物时是没有什么作用的。(3)A (4)D我们在这里聊天已经浪费了很多时间，现在我们该切入正题了。(5)a)to b)off c)on (6)to好吧，实话实说，我需要你帮我弄一下论文。(7)Theres no point (in)33.throw light on/upon使人明白，阐明 Recent research has thrown new light on the cause of the disease.最近的研究使人们进一步了解了这种疾病的起因。 The modern scientific development has thrown light upon this question.现代科学的发展已使这个问题明朗化。 throw doubt on对产生怀疑，使人对产生怀疑 throw cold water on泼冷水come to light暴露，为人所知 bring sth to light揭露或暴露某事物 New facts have been brought to light.新事实已经被揭露了。 New evidence has recently come to light.新证据最近才为人所知。 throw sth away丢弃；扔掉；错过；浪费 throw oneself into sth投身于；积极从事 throw sth up呕出（食物） throw sth off摆脱；匆匆脱掉 throw sb out轰走，逐出 It is a great chance for you to enjoy the journey.We hope you wont throw it away. 这是你享受旅途的一次极佳的机会。我们希望你不要错过它。throw away错过，浪费 (1)Please keep calm and the police will_the cause of the fire. A.turn the light on B.turn the light off C.set light on D.throw light on (2)I believe the teachers explanation will_this puzzling problem. A.throw light on B.come to light C.see the light D.make light of (3)His coming made the matter clear.（同义句转换） His coming_ _ _the matter. (4)With the aid of the most advanced equipment,new facts about the pyramids in Egypt have recently_. A.brought to light B.seen the light C.come to light D.given out light (5)It is hoped that these discoveries can throw light_the origins of the universe.（介词填空） (1)D (2)A (3)threw light on (4)C (5)on希望这些发现能够阐明宇宙的起源。34.go for选择，努力争取，攻击，袭击，适用于 I think Ill go for the steak.What are you having?我想我会选择牛排，你吃什么？ If you really want the job,go for it!如果你真的想要那份工作，那就好好争取吧！ What I said about Smith goes for you,too.我说的关于史密斯的话也适用于你。 She is going for the world record in the high jump.她正在争取世界跳高纪录。 go in for参加，从事，喜欢，支持Most girls do not go in for rough games.大多数女孩子不参加粗野的游戏。I dont go in for loud popular music.我不喜欢喧闹的流行音乐。 Many people went in for writing, music, dramatics and similar activities.很多人从事绘画、音乐、演剧和其他类似活动。 (1)Many young people are_such a good opportunity to go abroad for further education,but he seems to show no interest in it. A.going for B.going through C.going by D.going in for (2)If you want to do something for your life,then dont worry what others will say or think.Just_it. A.go for B.care for C.appeal to D.look out for (3)I thought Id choose question three.(同义句转换) I thought Id_ _question three. (4)Ive decided to attend the English speech,but Im afraid I wont be the best._(努力争取吧).You never know until you try.(5)I dont_(喜欢)rock and roll.Its much too noisy for my taste.(用go的短语填空)(6)The taller of the two men had scarcely said a word when the other put up his fist拳头 and_(攻击，袭击)him. (用go的短语填空)(7)Those tigers in the forest never_people unless they are very hungry.A.set off B.take up C.go for D.make out(1)A努力获取，去找 (2)A如果你想为自己的生活做点什么时，不要担心别人怎么说怎么想。去争取好了。(3)go for (4)Go for it (5)go in for (6)went for那个个子高些的男人刚刚说完一句话，另一个人就挥拳向他打去。(7)C go for sb向某人进攻35.辨析：fairly,quite和rather 这三个词都可用来说明形容词和副词的程度，容易混淆。 fairly意为“相当，还算”，是这一组词中语气最轻的一个。 quite为“相当，或多或少地，在某种程度上”，语气比稍强。 rather为“相当，有点，颇”，在这一个副词中语气最强。 The film is fairly good.这部电影还可以。 Your composition is quite good.你的作文还不错。 His homework is rather good.他的作业相当不错。 fairly只用于修饰褒义的形容词或副词，如：可以说She is fairly clever，不可以说She is fairly foolish。rather主要用于贬义，如：rather poor/bad/stupid/ugly，但也可以用在某些褒义的形容词和副词前，具有比fairly更强烈的褒义，相当于very，如：rather good/well/pretty/clever。另外，若在没有褒、贬意义的词前用fairly，表示说话人赞同；若用rather，则表示不赞同。比较 This soup is fairly hot.这汤挺热的。 This soup is rather hot.这汤太烫了。 rather可与too及比较级连用，而fairly和quite则不可以。 My mother is rather better today. quite和rather都可与动词连用，fairly则不可以与动词连用。 This does not quite satisfy me.这没有完全使我满意。 quite和rather都可修饰名词，但须放在不定冠词前。当名词前有形容词时，quite和rather可放在不定冠词后，也可放在不定冠词前。 That was quite an accident.那是一次不太寻常的事故。 Its rather a pity.真是相当遗憾。 a quite good time也可说 quite a good time a rather cold day也可说 rather a cold day (1)After two years research,we now have a_better understanding of the disease. A.very B.far C.fairly D.quite (2)I hear_boys in your school like playing football in their spare time,though others prefer basketball. A.quite a lot B.quite a few C.quite a bit D.quite a little. (3)Who would you rather_with you,George or me? A.going B.to go C.have gone D.went (4)It is said that the film is_seeing. A.very worth B.quite worthy of C.well worth D.rather worthy of (5)When his fellow passengers requested reading,Dickens Charles replied that_read a word,he would attack the captain and be put in prison. A.rather than B.rather C.more than D.how (6)Its_warmer today.A.fairly B.rather C.pretty D.quite(7)How is the girl?She is_fool.A.rather a B.a rather C.very a D.a very(8)It is one thing to enjoy listening to good music,but it is_another to play it well yourself.A.quite B.very C.rather D.much(9)The weather was_worse than I had expected.A.fairly B.quite C.pretty D.rather(10)I cant come tonight.Its_impossible.A.fairly B.quite C.very D.rather(1)B (2)B (3)D (4)D你愿意让谁同你一起去，乔治还是我？意为“宁愿，宁可”，后面如果接句子，表示现在或将来的情况，谓语动词用过去时；表示过去的情况，谓语动词用过去完成时。(4)C (5)A(6)B (7)A 她是一个十足的傻瓜。 (8)A 欣赏好的音乐是一回事，但是自己把它演奏好完全是另一回事。表示“很，非常”时，very用来修饰形容词、副词或分词形容词，much用来修饰形容词或副词的比较级、最高级，也可修饰形容词性的过去分词或描述性形容词的原级；quite和rather都可以修饰名词，但rather多用于贬义；another指的是another thing，这个名词可用quite的修饰。(9)D (10)B今晚我不能来。真的不太可能。very非常，语气最强；fairly,quite和rather都表示中等程度，其中rather语气最强，表示某事物不太好或不合适；fairly语气最轻，表示不好不坏；quite程度居中，而根据语境，此题表示的是很客气的语气。36.辨析：nearly和almost(1)almost和nearly在肯定句里可以互换。(两者都可用来修饰不定代词、形容词、副词、动词、介词短语等，此时两者常可换用：)Its almost nearly impossible. 那几乎是不可能的。He almost nearly always arrives late. 他差不多总是迟到。 He fell and almost nearly broke his leg. 他摔了一跤，险些摔断了腿。两者都可用在否定的谓语动词之前： He almost nearly didnt catch the bus. 他差点没赶上公共汽车。(2)almost 可用于 any 以及 no, none, nobody, nothing, never 等否定词之前，但 nearly 一般不这样用：Almost any man can do it. 几乎任何人都会做。Almost no one came to the party. 几乎没有人来参加晚会。(3)nearly 前可用 very, pretty, not 等词修饰，但 almost 之前不能用这些词：Its not nearly so difficult as you think. 这远不像你想像的那么难。 【注】not nearly 意为“远非”, very pretty nearly 意为“几乎”，都是习语。There is not nearly enough money for a new car.买一部新车的钱远远不够。(4)“几乎所有”的译法：“几乎所有的人”用most people，不用almost people“几乎所有的学生”用most of the students或almost all the students.(1)Fortunately there was a hospital_and they took the man there.(多选)A.near B.nearby C.nearly D.near by(2)The final score of the basketball match was 93-94.We were only_beaten.A.nearly B.slightly C.narrowly D.lightly(3)He was late for supper_every time. (多选)A.nearly B.almost C.near D.mostly(4)I can_understand it.A.not almost B.hardly C.not nearly D.not just.(5)What about Johns examination?Excellent! He made_no mistakes this time.A.almost B.nearly C.hardly D.mostly(6)Its_impossible to find a good fridge in this part of the country.A.barely B.hardly C.nearly D.merely(7)_no one believed the stranger.A.Almost B.Nearly C.Hardly D.Nearly(8)She is not_so much interested as I thought.A.nearly B.hardly C.about D.almost(9)The houses in this village are_built of stones and bricks.A.most B.almost C.mostly D.nearly(10)The guests invited were_scientists from Africa.A.most B.mostly C.almost D.nearly(11)There are not_enough people here to do the job.A.nearly B.almost C.nearly D.many(1)ABD nearby作副词时，可分开写为near by，意思不变。near也能用作副词。这三个词均指方位，意为“在附近”。(2)C nearly几乎，密切地； slightly稍微地； lightly轻轻地，草率地； narrowly 以毫厘之差，勉强地(3)AB (4)B (5)A (6)C (7)A (8)A (9)C most很，非常，almost/nearly“几乎，差不多”，主要是针对程度而言；mostly大体上，主要地，大部分，句意：这个村子里的房子大部分是由石头和砖建成的。(10)B (11)A这里无论如何也没有足够的人来做这个工作。37.交际英语 (1)Hello,may I have an appointment with the doctor?_. A.Sorry,he is busy at the moment B.Why didnt you call earlier? C.Certainly.May I know your name? D.Sorry,he doesnt want to see you (2)What are you going to do this weekend? _.If time permits,I may go to Shanghai with my friends. A.Dont mention it B.It doesnt matter C.Forget it D.It depends (3)We could invite John and Barbara to the Friday night party. Yes,_?Ill give them a call right now. A.why not B.what for C.why D.what (4)Artistic people can be very difficult sometimes. Well,you married one._. A.You name it B.Ive got it C.I cant agree more D.You should know (5)Did you forget about my birthday? _Ive booked a table at Mickels restaurant for this evening. A.What then? B.Im afraid so C.How could I? D.For sure (6)So you gave her your phone? _,she said shed return it to me when she could afford her own. A.My pleasure B.Not exactly C.No doubt D.All right (7)Oh,you sounded just like a native. _.I still have trouble expressing myself. A.Well,not quite B.I dont care C.Yes,youre right D.Im glad you like it. (8)You can have a pet dog,but suppose you get bored with it in a few days?_? We wont,we promise. A.Then what B.All right C.How come D.So what (9)Do you know Mr Black has sailed across the Atlantic alone? Yes.Its_for such an old man. A.quite commonly B.very simply C.much hardly D.quite something (10)Can I come and have a look at your new house? Yes,_! A.with pleasure B.I like it C.I quite agree D.by all means (11)Have you paid the rent of the house? The rent of the house?_ A.That isnt due yet B.Are you sure? C.The house needs repair D.Please remember the amount (1)C (2)D (3)A Why not表示“为什么不呢，好哇”。(4)D有时搞艺术的人很难相处。你嫁（娶）了一个这样的人，你应该知道。(5)C我怎么能忘呢？(6)B所以你把你的手机给她了？不完全如此，她说她自己能买得起的时候就把它还给我。(7)A 不完全是 (8)A 说话人质疑的是如果答话人几天后厌烦了宠物狗怎么办。A项表示“下一步怎么办”，符合语境。后三项分别表示“好吧”“怎么会”“那又怎样”，都不符合语境。(9)D 你知道布莱克先生独自航行穿越了大西洋吗？知道。对于这样一位老人来说，这相当不容易。交际英语中经常用quite something表示“非同寻常”。(10)D by all means当然可以(11)A38.以-ly结尾的形容词：lovely可爱的 orderly井井有条的 comradely同志般的(comrade kmred) lively生动活泼的 motherly母亲般的 monthly每月的 likely可能的 deadly致命的 lonely偏僻的；寂寞的 In spite of repeated wrongs done to him,he looks_to people greeting him. A.friendly B.lively C.worried D.cold A尽管被反复冤枉，他对向他打招呼的人们看起来还是很友好。39.generous adj慷慨的，大方的，无偏见的；宽宏大量的 be generous to sb对某人宽容/大方 with sth （花钱等）大方 Although he was poor,he was very generous to his needy friends. She is generous with money.她花钱很大方。 She is generous of you to forgive me.你能原谅我，实在是宽宏大量。 generously denrsl adv大方地，慷慨地 generosity denrsti n 慷慨；大方 (1)My mother educated me to be_and to help others in need without asking for anything in return. A.popular B.familiar C.generous D.impressive (2)It was most_of you to lend me the money when I was in trouble. A.grateful B.generous C.gentle D.guilty (1)C (2)B40.be of a different colour不同颜色的.“be of+n”这一结构可以表示主语的类属。 Australia and New Zealand are of the same continent.澳大利亚和新西兰属于同一个洲。 The two sisters are of the same class.姐妹俩在同一个班。 学法点拔：在表年龄、颜色、重量、高度等的名词前，of可有可无。 They are (of) the same height.=They are as tall as each other. When I was(of)your age,I had alr