柴油机 外文翻译.doc

diesel engine electronic control technology development Electronically controlled diesel engine technology started in the 20th century, 70s, 80s since the 20th century, the United Kingdom Lucas company, Robert Bosch GmbH of Germany, Mercedes-Benz Motor Company, American General Detroit Diesel Corporation, Cummins Inc., Caterpillar Inc., Japan 50 Ling Motor Co. and Komatsu Ltd. are competing to develop new products and market to meet the increasingly stringent emissions regulations. Because diesel engines have high torque, high-life, low fuel consumption and low emissions characteristics of diesel engine vehicles and solving the energy problem of construction machinery the most realistic and most reliable means. Therefore the use of diesel engines has become an increasingly widespread, more and more quantity. At the same time, the power of diesel engine performance, economic performance, emission control and noise pollution are also getting higher and higher. To rely on traditional mechanical control fuel injection system has been unable to meet the above requirements, but also difficult to achieve fuel injection quantity, injection pressure and injection timing fully functioning in accordance with the best working condition requirements. In recent years, with computer technology, sensor technology and information technology is developing rapidly, so that the reliability of electronic products, cost, size, etc. to all diesel engines to meet the requirements for electronic control and electronically controlled fuel injection easy to achieve. In fact, diesel exhaust CO and HC than gasoline engines much less, NOX emissions and gasoline engine similar to, but more exhaust particles, which is related to diesel engine combustion mechanism. Diesel is a non-homogeneous combustion, combustible mixture formed a very short time, and combustible gas mixture formation and combustion process interlaced together. Diesel Fuel Injection through the analysis of the law to be: the atomization of fuel injected into the quality of the gas flow inside the cylinder and combustion chamber shape, etc. directly affect the progress of the combustion process, as well as the generation of harmful emissions. Improve atomization of diesel fuel injection pressure and the effect of the use of pre-injection, such as sub-jet can effectively improve the emissions. After years of research and new technology applications, second generation of the development of the electronic control fuel injection system. In useposition control of the first generation of electronic control fuel injection system, keep the basic composition and structure of traditional fuel injection system, only the original mechanical fuel pump and mechanical control components with electronically controlled fuel injection pump and its control parts replaced, by setting the control system, to improve control accuracy and response speed of diesel engine structure almost do not need to change, the production of good inheritance, easy to upgrade to the existing diesel engine. The disadvantage is that the position control system frequency response is slow, the control frequency is low, control the degree of freedom control precision is not high enough, injection pressure control alone. In the time control of the first generation of electronic control fuel injection system, basic retain the traditional composition and structure of the fuel injection system, control system, by setting the formation of high frequency control system, digital, determined by the solenoid valve closing time and closed time cycle for oil (spray) quantity and injection timing, the control degree of freedom and control accuracy are incomparable position control, its technical difficulty is how to speed up the need to bulk oil the response speed of high-speed solenoid valve, fuel injection pressure are not independent control at the same time. The first generation of electronic control fuel injection system, including electric inline pump part and electric control system and electric control distribution pump system monomer pump fuel injection system or electric pump nozzle injection system. But whatever electronic control system development, overall, electronic control of diesel engine is the most important thing to the electronic control of fuel injection system, implementation of fuel injection and injection timing with the operating conditions of real time control, controlled fuel injection system is the object. It applies various sensors, real-time detection of diesel engine operating parameters, including speed, temperature, pressure, etc., make them synchronously input computer, and the parameters of the advance has been stored in the computer value or operation of the fuel injection quantity, injection timing pulse spectrum is used in the comparison. After processing and calculation, according to the operation need to be the best to control the output and the executing agency, driving the corresponding part of the diesel engine, diesel engine operating conditions to achieve the best. diesel engine with the past very different from the status quo. Modern diesel engines generally use electric controlled injection, high pressure common rail, turbo-charged in the cold technology, in terms of weight, noise, smoke, etc. has made a major breakthrough, reaching the level of gasoline. With the increasingly stringent international emission control standards (such as Europe, , standard) the promulgation and implementation, whether it is gasoline or diesel engines are faced with severe challenges, the solution is the use of electronically controlled fuel injection technology. Now, the diesel engine electronic control technology developed at the application rate has reached more than 60%. 柴油机电子控制技术的发展状况 柴油机电子控制技术始于20世纪70年代，20世纪80年代以来，英国卢卡斯公司、德国博世公司、奔驰汽车公司、美国通用的底特律柴油机公司、康明斯公司、卡特彼勒公司、日本五十铃汽车公司及小松制作所等都竞相开发新产品并投放市场，以满足日益严格的排放法规要求。 由于柴油机具备高扭矩、高寿命、低油耗、低排放等特点，柴油机成为解决汽车及工程机械能源问题最现实和最可靠的手段。因此柴油机的使用范围越来越广，数量越来越多。同时对柴油机的动力性能、经济性能、控制废气排放和噪声污染的要求也越来越高。依靠传统的机械控制喷油系统已无法满足上述要求，也难以实现喷油量、喷油压力和喷射正时完全按最佳工况运转的要求。近年来，随着计算机技术、传感器技术及信息技术的迅速发展，使电子产品的可靠性、成本、体积等各方面都能满足柴油机进行电子控制的要求，并且电子控制燃油喷射很容易实现。 实际上，柴油机排气中CO和HC比汽油机少得多，NOX排放量与汽油机相近，只是排气微粒较多，这与柴油机燃烧机理有关。柴油机是一种非均质燃烧，可燃混合气形成时间很短，而且可燃混合气形成与燃烧过程交错在一起。通过分析柴油机喷油规律得到：喷入燃料的雾化质量、汽缸内气体的流动以及燃烧室形状等均直接影响燃烧过程的进展以及有害排放物的生成。提高喷油压力和柴油雾化效果、使用预喷射、分段喷射等可以有效的改善排放。 经过多年的研究和新技术应用，柴油发动机电控燃油喷射系统经历了几个重要的发展阶段。按对循环供(喷)油量、喷油正时、喷油速率和喷油压力等的控制方式分，经历了从“位置控制”到“时间控制”，再到“时间-压力控制”或“压力控制”的发展过程。按燃油喷射系统的基本组成和结构分，经历了常规压力电控喷油系统的第一代电控喷油系统到高压电控喷油系统的第二代电控喷油系统的发展过程。在采用“位置控制”的第一代电控喷油系统中，保留了传统燃油喷射系统的基本组成和结构，只是将原有的机械式喷油泵及其机械控制部件用电控喷油