2019中考上海中考英语总复习—从句.doc

此文档收集于网络，如有侵权请联系网站删除宾语从句和定语从句授课类型C宾语从句C 定语从句T （典型例题巩固）授课日期及时段教学内容专题一：宾语从句一、 宾语从句专题知识梳理概念：在复合句中充当宾语成分的句子就叫宾语从句，基本句式为“主句+连接词+宾语从句”。题型特点：在中考当中的考查题型为选择题及句型转换题，分值一般为3-4分左右，主要围绕宾从的三要素，语序，时态，连接词进行考察。宾从也可以在写作中适当使用，进行文采的提高。知识点1： 引导词1. 由that引导的宾语从句。that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如： He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.She doesnt know (that) she is seriously ill.I am sure (that) he will succeed.2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如： Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for?He asked whose handwriting was the best. Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。if和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如： I want to know if (whether) he lives there.He asked me whether (if) I could help him.中考考点-if和whether的区别if/whether都可作宾语从句的引导词，意为“是否”，在一般情况下可以互换。if多用于口语和非正式文体中，whether则多用于比较正式的文体中。如：e.g. She asked me if/whether I could help her with her English. I dont know if/whether it is going to rain.只用whether的情况：1）在带to的动词不定式前He doesnt know whether to go to the cinema or to watch TV at home.2）在介词后Im thinking of whether we should go fishing.3） 直接与or not连用时I dont know whether or not they will come to help us.4） 在动词discuss后面的宾语从句中We discussed whether would have a sports meeting next week.5） 宾语从句提前时只能用whetherWhether this is true or not, I cant say.6） 引导位于句首的主语从句或表语从句用whether Whether he is right or wrong is a question.知识点2：语序在含宾语从句的复合句中，不管主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾从一定要用陈述句的语序，其标点符号由主句来决定。因此当宾语从句是由whetherif 或者特殊疑问词引导时，因将其原来的疑问句语序还原为陈述句的语序。知识点3：时态主句宾语从句一般现在时一切时态一般过去时过去范畴的某一时态（一般过去时；过去进行时；过去完成时；过去将来时）e.g. She says （that）：she often goes to school on foot ; she went to school on foot yesterday ; she will go to school on foot tomorrow; she is eating an apple now .she has eaten the apple e.g. She said （that）: she often went to school on foot ; she went to school on foot the day before ; she would go to school on foot the next day ; she was eating an apple then . she had eaten the apple 知识点4：特殊情况1.当宾语从句是指客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象时，主句不管是什么时态，从句只能用一般现在时。eg. She said (that) the sun rises in the east. She told me (that) knowledge is power.2.当主句是：Could you Would you 表示建议或者请求的句型时，主句的时态是一般现在时，从句时态不限定。e.g. Would you tell me what you want to eat ? Could you tell me how he will come tomorrow ? 3.当疑问代词在宾语从句中作宾语，从句语序不需要改变，如whats the problem/ whats the matter/ whats up/ whats wrong表示“怎么了”.。e.g. I dont know whats the problem/ whats the matter/ whats up/ whats wrong.关于宾语从句应注意事项：熟练掌握宾语从句三大要素：语序、时态、连接词注意特殊情况，如：Could you please/ Would you please 表示委婉语气，不影响时态；从句表示客观事实或真理，从句时态使用一般现在时，不受主句时态的影响；与or/or not连用，只用whether，不用if；当疑问代词在宾语从句中作宾语，从句语序不需要改变，如whats the problem等。二、同步题型分析例1：“Who is responsible for the food safety problem? asked the reporter. (改为宾语从句) 2013上海中考The reporter asked _ _ responsible for the food safety problem.解析：本题先根据特殊疑问句，因此直接使用特殊疑问词who 引导宾从，根据主语谓语asked 过去时，因此，从句的一般现在时改为一般过去时，因此本题答案为 who was。例2：Is it the first boys-only school in the city? asked a parent. (改为宾语从句) 2012上海中考A parent asked _ it _ the first boys-only school in the city.解析：本题根据原题一般疑问句，因此连接词使用if/whether，同时，主语谓语动词为asked，从句的时态由一般现在时改为一般将来时，因此本题答案为 if/whether was。例3：Are there any new markets in Asia? The sales manager wants to know. (合为一句) 2011上海中考The sales manager wants to know_there_any new markets in Asia.解析：本题根据原题一般疑问句，因此连接词使用if/whether，同时，主句为一般现在时，从句时态不需要改变，因此本题答案为 if/whether are。例4：I want to know_. 2010上海中考A) when we should arrive at the airportB) when should we arrive at the airportC) when the airport we should arrive at D) when the airport should we arrive at解析：选择题中宾语从句的做题技巧从两方面出发，一个是语序，一个使时态。本题根据陈述语序便可排除B、D选项，C项宾语位置错误，因此正确答案为A。例5：Could you please tell us _ in Shanghai? 2009上海中考A) when will you visit the World Expo B)when you will visit the World ExpoC) when the World Expo will you visit D) when the World Expo you will visit 解析：本题结合宾语从句考察，本题需要注意could you please只表示委婉语气，不表示过去时态，同时根据陈述语序进行排除，因此本题选B。Keys: 一、1. B 2. A 3. A 4. C 5. B 6.B 7.C 8. D 二、1、havent finished 2、stopped 3、will come 4、was raining 5、not to walk 6、would help 7、had known 8、doesnt rain, will visit 9、was writing, went 10、travels 三、1. if he wanted 2.how can I get to 3.he had finished his 4. how to get to 专题二：定语从句一、定语从句专题知识梳理概念：在句中作定语的句子，它修饰一个名词或代词，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句。这个被修饰的名词、代词叫做先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。定语从句的引导词：关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。关系副词有：when, where, why等知识点1：关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。1.who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。e.g. Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）2.whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）。e.g. They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。Please pass me the book whose （of which） cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。3.which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。e.g. A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语） 知识点2：关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于介词+ which结构，因此常常和介词+ which结构交替使用。e.g.There are occasions when （on which） one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 Beijing is the place where（in which） I was born.北京是我的出生地。知识点3：判断关系代词与关系副词 1.用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。e.g. This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 这是我去年呆过的山村。Ill never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。 2.准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。e.g.例1. Is this museum _ you visited a few days age? A. whereB. that C. on which D. the one例2. Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held. A. whereB. that C. on whichD. the one答案：例1 D，例2 A知识点4：限制性和非限制性定语从句1.定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。e.g. This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性） The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）2.当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。e.g. Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。3.非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。e.g. He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。知识点5：关系代词that 的用法1. 不用that的情况引导非限定性定语从句时及介词后不能用that。 2只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况1）在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。2）在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词 时，只用that，不用which。3）先行词有the only, the very修饰时，只用that。 4）先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。.5）先行词既有人，又有物时。e.g. All that is needed is a supply of oil. 所需的只是供油问题。 Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. 那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。关于定语从句注意事项：1.关系代词的判断步骤:首先，要看先行词。如果先行词是指人,关系代词可用 who, whom, that。如果先行词指物,关系代词可用which, that; 不管先行词指人还是指物，在定语从句中是所有格的关系就用whose然后，要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表先行词 主格（不能省）宾格(可省略) 所有格 人 who, that（who/whom/that） whose 物 which, that（which/that） whose, of which2.关系副词的判断步骤:还是要先看先行词。如果先行词在从句中充当时间状语用 when或介词+which ; 充当地点状语用where或介词+which; 充当原因状语用why或介词+which 。二、专题精讲(备注：中考并不考察定语从句，针对定语从句的考察主要是在一些阅读中，以及平时的日校试卷练习中，还有写作中要求程度中上的学生使用定从的表达来提高文采，因此这部分省略)Keys : 一 1-5 ABCCA 6-10 ADDDB 11-15 DADCC 16 -20 DACBB 二 whichthat ; which that 不填 ; whose ; that ; whose ; who ; why ; where ; that which 不填;when 一、 能力培养1.宾语从句的知识点复习和再次梳理（由学生进行知识点复习巩固）语序：时态：连接词：2.定语从句的知识点复习和再次梳理（看学生的程度，不同学生有不同层次的对于定从掌握的要求）重点：关系代词和关系副词的选用：只用that的情况：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别：能力检测1、Keys:1-5 D B C B B 6-10 C C A C B 11-16 D B B D AA 2、Keys:1-5 CADAB 6-10 DABDC课后作业1、Keys:1-5 ：CACDC 6-10: CCABA 11-15 AACBC2、Keys: 1-5 AC BCD 6-10 CACCC 11-15 DACBC 专题一：宾语从句一、单项选择( ) 1. I dont think he will come here on time, ? A. wont he B. will he C. does he D. is he( ) 2. Will you please tell me ? A. where Pudong Airport is B. how far Pudong Airport wasC. how can we get to Pudong Airport D. when was Pudong Airport built( ) 3. Its not polite to ask people in England. A. how much money you have got B. what the weather is likeC. what your city looks like D. how old are you( ) 4. I wonder if he tonight. If he , Ill let you know. A. will come; will come B. comes; comesC. will come; comes D. comes; will come( ) 5. I cant say I want to see him again. We havent seen each other for nearly three years. A. how long B. how soon C. how often D. how much( ) 6. Mr. Green told me that he on a trip next Sunday. A. are going B. was going C. will go D. would going( ) 7. Our geography teacher told us that Japan the east of China. A. is in B. was in C. is to D. was to( ) 8. Nobody knows hell come or not. A. that B. if C. / D. whether二、用所给动词的正确形式填空：1、I wont return the book to the library because I _ (not finish) reading it.2、As soon as he saw me, he _ to speak to me. (stop)3、I hope he _ (come) back in a week.4、It _ (rain) hard when I got to the factory this morning.5、The old man told the children _ (not walk) in the rice fields.6、He told me he _ (help) her with her math the next evening.7、She said they _ (know) each other for quite some time.8、If it _ (not rain) tomorrow, we _ (visit) the Peoples Museum.9、John _ (write) something when I _ (go) to see him.10、Our teacher told us that light _ (travel) much faster than sound.三、按要求改写句子1. “Do you want to try something new?” Toms mother asked him. (改为复合句,句意不变) Toms mother asked him to try something new.2. Could you tell me the way to the station? (改写句子,句意不变) Could you tell me to the station?3. “I have finished my homework.” John told me. (改为复合句,句意不变) John told me that homework.4. I dont know how I can reach the zoo. (改为简单句) I dont know the zoo.专题二：定语从句一、选择填空( )1.The man _ was a friend of mine.A. that you just talked to B. whom you just talked to himC. who you just talked to him D. which you just talked to ( )2.This is the best film _has been shown this year.A. who B. that C. which D. when( )3.Finally, the thief handed everything _ he had stolen to the police.A. which B. what C. that D. in where( )4.Mr. Li told us the novels and writers _ interested himA. what B. who C. that D. which( )5.My father still remembers the day _ he joined the army.A. when B. which C. to which D. from which( )6.Ill never forget the summer holidays _ we play together.A. when B. in which C. which D. how( )7This is the place _I have ever visited.A. there B. whenC. whereD. which ( )8.The letter _ I received from him yesterday is very important.A. who B. where C. what D. that( )9.I hate people _ talk much but do little.A. whose B. whom C. which D. who( )10.Who is the man _ was talking to our English teacher? Oh! Its Mr. Baker, our maths teacher.A. he B. that C. whom D. which( )11.I know the man with _ you are talking on the phone .A. who B. which C. that D. whom( )12.George Mallory was an English school teacher _ loved climbing.A. who B. whom C. he D. which( )13. Does the teacher know everybody _ planted the trees? Yes, he does.A. which B. whose C. where D. who( )14.Nobody knows the reason _ she didnt come to the meeting.A. that B. which C. why D. when( )15.The moon is a world _there is no life.A. that B. which C. where D. why( )16.He has forgotten the day _ he arrived.A. on when B. where C. that D. on which( )17.He still remembers the days _ he stayed with your family.A. when B. where C. that D. which( )18.Mr. White, _ car had been stolen, came to the policeman.A. who B. that C. whose D. which( )19.He got to the village in _ his family once lived before liberation(解放).A. that B. which C. when D. where( )20.This is the house _ I want to buy.A. in which B. that C. whose D. where二关系词填空1. The skirt _ is made of silk is very expensive. I cant afford it.2. Two years has passed, but Chinese people still remember those exciting days _ they spent during the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games.3. They rushed over to help the man _ car had broken down.4. I have told you everything _ I know about it.5. Please pass me the book _ cover is green.6. -Do you know Yao Ming? -Yes. Hes a basketball player _ is very famous in the world.7. The reason _ I am late is that the traffic is terrible .8. The farm _ my parents work is very big . 9. The factory _ Mr. Wang owns locates in the east of the city .10. Do you remember the day _ you met Jack in the street ? 三、能力检测1.宾从练习（ ）1.Excuse me, could you please tell me _? A.when will the film start B.how much the ticket would costC.where does this bus go D.which gate is open（ ）2.The class teacher asked the monitor_. A.why was Jeff late for school B.why Jeff was late for schoolC.why is Jeff late for school D.why Jeff is late for school（ ）3.Rose wondered _ the new mobile phone. A.how much would she pay for B.how much will she pay forC.how much she would pay for D.how much she will pay for（ ）4.Please tell us _.A.when will the winter vocation start B.when the winter vocation will startC.when does the winter vocation start D.when did the winter vocation start（ ）5.Could you tell me _?A.how often do you see a film B.who they are staying withC.where did he live D.what is she doing now（ ）6.Could you tell me what day _ the Palace Museum for free ?A.can elementary and high school students visit B.could elementary and high school students visitC.elementary and high school students can visitD.elementary and high school students could visit（ ）7.Do you know how long _ to leave Shanghai for Tokyo?A.does it take you B.will it take you C.it takes you D.you take it （ ）8.I didnt understand _in class, so I raised my hand to ask.A.what my teacher said B.what did my teacher sayC.how did my teacher say D.how my teacher said（ ）9.My English Teacher asked me _A.why Jane hasnt watched the game B.why hasnt Jane watched the gameC.why Jane hadnt watched the game D.why hadnt Jane watched the game（ ）10.Tom told me _this afternoon.A.he is going to watch a ball gameB.he was going to have a meetingC.if he is going to see a filmD.if he was going to take a walk（ ）11.Could you tell me _?A. where were you at seven last nightB. hows your memory-improvement courseC. when you had seen the performanceD. if there are three kinds of memory（ ）12.Do you know _？A.when he has come B.why he didnt comeC.if he comes tomorrow D.whom is he looking for（ ）13.Marys aunt has no idea_.A.where can she go B.which skirt she should buyC.what she had said D.when will she leave for Beijing（ ）14.The class teacher wanted to know _.A.what does Alan do last weekend B.what Alan does last weekendC.what did Alan do last weekend D.What Alan did last weekend（ ）15.Im interested in _.A.how he opened the door without a key B.where did they come backC.whether he would invite Jack to his party next weekendD.how many books you had read（ ）16.Father asked me _.A.what I had done in school B.what had I done in schoolC.what I have done in school D.what have I done in school1.定从练习1. A football fan(球迷) is _ has a strong interest in football. A. a thing that B. something that C. a person who D. what2. The house, _ was destroyed in the terrible fire, has been repaired. A. the roof of which B. which roof C. its roof D. the roof3. Can you lend me the novel _ the other day? A. that you talked B. you talked about it C. which you t