高考英语一轮复习 阅读理解选编（1）1.doc

山西应县2017高考英语阅读理解一轮选编（1）【2016年沈阳市高中三年级教学质量监测（一）】阅读理解。阅读下面短文，选择最佳答案填空。DWhen going through major life changes, like changing careers, I would change the people with whom I spent the most time. Weve all gone through periods when the people in our lives have changedgraduation, moving to a new city, getting a new job, joining a new club, etc. I dont think I need to convince you just how much influence other people can have over your identity. If youve ever experienced a major switch in your people environment, then you know that you change as well.Most people dont make these choices consciously (意识到地) though. You might consciously decide to spend more time with a certain friend, or you may ask someone out on a date to begin a new relationship. But few people choose their existing friendships deliberately. Theres no “getting rid of people”. People are always dropping into and out of each others lives. Associations grow into friendships, and friendships fade into associations. You dont get rid of anyone. The truth is that in order to make room for new people and new experiences, you may need to loosen up some of your existing connections.What about loyalty (忠诚)? Shouldnt you always be loyal to your friends? Once you have a close friend, even if their influence on you is slightly harmful, shouldnt you stick by them?Loyalty to a friend sometimes means having to let go. It means being loyal to their highest and best self as well. If someone is destroying his health by smoking, for example, you arent showing loyalty by smoking right along with him. True loyalty sometimes requires that you break damaging connections, get yourself back on solid ground, and then decide what you can really do to help your friend. It can take a lot of courage to tell someone, “Im sorry, but I cant have you in my life anymore.” But even though this might seem like a selfish act at times, its often the best thing for the other person too. If a relationship is holding you back in some way, understand that its also hurting the other person. For example, if you work for a violent boss, your acceptance of that situation is considered to be silent approval, encouraging your boss to continue to behave violently. 1、When experiencing major life changes, people may _. A. join a new social communityB. influence their friends aroundC. choose their friendships purposely D. have their people environment changed2、. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 mean?A. Everyone has at least one friend.B. It is unnecessary to make new friends.C. Friendship still exists though theres less connection. D. You ought to treat your old and new friends equally.3. What is the authors opinion on the loyalty to friends?A. Never betray your close friends whatever happens. B. Correct their mistakes while you guard their goodness.C. Stick by your friends even though they do harm to you. D. Break up with your friends immediately if they smoke. 4. How should we behave when employed by a violent boss? A. We should accept what we are told to do.B. We should stay silent and be in favor of it. C. We should bravely disobey him if he is wrong. D. We should give our boss courage to continue. 参考答案14、DCBC【2013】阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。Weve considered several ways of paying to cut in line：hiring line standers, buying tickets from scalpers(票贩子)，or purchasing linecutting privileges directly from，say，an airline or an amusement park.Each of these deals replaces the morals of the queue(waiting your turn)with the morals of the market(paying a price for faster service)Markets and queuespaying and waitingare two different ways of allocating things，and each is appropriate to different activities.The morals of the queue，“First come, first served，” have an egalitarian(平等主义的)appeal.They tell us to ignore privilege，power，and deep pockets.The principle seems right on playgrounds and at bus stops.But the morals of the queue do not govern all occasions.If I put my house up for sale, I have no duty to accept the first offer that comes along, simply because its the first.Selling my house and waiting for a bus are different activities，properly governed by different standards.Sometimes standards change, and it is unclear which principle should apply.Think of the recorded message you hear，played over and over，as you wait on hold when calling your bank：“Your call will be answered in the order in which it was received.”This is essential for the morals of the queue.Its as if the company is trying to ease our impatience with fairness.But dont take the recorded message too seriously.Today, some peoples calls are answered faster than others.Call center technology enables companies to “score” incoming calls and to give faster service to those that come from rich places.You might call this telephonic queue jumping.Of course，markets and queues are not the only ways of allocating things.Some goods we distribute by merit，others by need，still others by chance.However，the tendency of markets to replace queues，and other nonmarket ways of allocating goods is so common in modern life that we scarcely notice it anymore.It is striking that most of the paid queuejumping schemes weve consideredat airports and amusement parks，in call centers，doctors offices，and national parksare recent developments, scarcely imaginable three decades ago.The disappearance of the queues in these places may seem an unusual concern，but these are not the only places that markets have entered.58According to the author，which of the following seems governed by the principle “First come，first served”？ATaking buses. BBuying houses.CFlying with an airline. DVisiting amusement parks.59The example of the recorded message in Paragraphs 4 and 5 illustrates _Athe necessity of patience in queuing Bthe advantage of modern technologyCthe uncertainty of allocation principle Dthe fairness of telephonic services60The passage is meant to _Ajustify paying for faster services Bdiscuss the morals of allocating thingsCanalyze the reason for standing in line Dcriticize the behavior of queue jumping【要点综述】 本文是一篇议论文，主要讲述的是生活中购物买票等的插队问题。作者通过举例、道理分析来解读道德和市场的平衡问题，要想得到快速的服务，就要额外付出更多的费用，由此对在道德和市场竞争之间产生的矛盾进行探讨。58A推理判断题。根据第二段中的“First come, first served”和第三段“The principle seems right on playgrounds and at bus stops.But the morals of the queue do not govern all occasions.”可知选A项。59C细节判断题。根据第四段“Sometimes standards change, and it is unclear which principle should apply.”和第五段可知，有时分配的原则是不断变化的，也就是说分配原则的不确定性，故选C项。60B作者意图题。本文主要阐述了如何进行分配，讨论了基于分配原则的可变性的道德标准，故选B项。【2013】阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。When international aid is given, steps must be taken to ensure (确保) that the aid reaches the people for whom it is intended. The way to achieve this may not be simple. It is very difficult for a nation to give help directly to people in another nation. The United Nations Organization(UNO) could undertake to direct the distribution of aid. Here however rises the problem of costs. Also tied with this is time. Perhaps the UNO could set up a body of devoted men and women in every country who can speedily distribute aid to victims of floods and earthquakes.More than the help that one nation can give to another during a disaster, it would be more effective to give other forms of help during normal times. A common proverb says, “Give_me_a_fish_and_I_eat_for_a_day,_teach_me_to_fish_and_I_eat_for_a_lifetime.” If we follow this wise saying, it would be right to teach people from less developed nations to take care of themselves. For example, a country could share its technology with another. This could be in simple areas like agriculture or in more complex areas like medical and health care or even in building satellites. Even a small country is able to help less developed nations. Sometime what is taken for granted, like the setting up of a water purification plant or the administration of a school, could be useful for countries which are looking about to solve common problems. It does not cost much to share such simple things. Exchange students could be attached for a number of months or years and learn the required craft while on the site. They can then take their knowledge back to their homelands and if necessary come back from time to time to clear doubts or to update themselves. Such aid will be truly helpful and there is no chance of it being temporary or of it falling into the wrong hands.Many countries run extensive courses in all sorts of skills. It will not cost much to include deserving foreigners in these courses. Besides giving effective help to the countries concerned, there is also the buildup of friendships to consider. Giving direct help by giving materials may be effective in the short run and must continue to be given in the event of emergencies. However, in the long run what is really effective would be the sharing of knowledge.61According to the author, how could international aid reach the victims in time?A. By solving the cost problems.B. By solving the transportation problems.C. By setting up a body of devoted people in every country.D. By relying on the direct distribution of the UNO.62What does the author try to express in the underlined sentence? A. Providing food is vital. B. Learning to fish is helpful.C. Teaching skills is essential. D. Looking after others is important.63The second paragraph is developed mainly_A. by example B. by process C. by comparison D. by contrast64Which aid is likely to fall into the wrong hands?A. A medical team. B. An exchange program.C. A water plant. D. Financial support.65What can we infer about international aid from the passage?A. It is facing difficulties. B. It is unnecessary during normal times.C. It should be given in the form of materials.D. It has gained support from developed countries.【要点综述】 本文主要就给他国提供援助一事，提议“授人以鱼，不如授人以渔”，建议不如与他国分享知识及技术。61. C考查细节理解。由第一段最后一句“Perhaps the UNO could set up a body of devoted men and women in every country who can speedily distribute aid to victims of floods and earthquakes.”可知作者认为联合国可在每个国家设立一个捐助机构。62. C考查推理判断。由画线句后面的内容“If we follow this wise saying, it would be right to teach people from less developed nations to take care of themselves. For example, a country could share its technology with another.”可知我们要教会欠发达国家的人们照顾他们自己，在画线句子中，作者试图要表达的是教给他们技能是重要的。63. A考查推理判断。由第二段第三句后“For example”后的内容可知，本段通过举例子来说明“授人以鱼，不如授人以渔”这一观点。64. D考查细节理解。由最后一段倒数第二句“Giving direct help by giving materials may be effective in the short run”可知经济的支持是暂时的。65. A考查推理判断。根据第一段的内容“When international aid is given, steps must be taken to ensure (确保)that the aid reaches the people for whom it is intended. The way to achieve this may not be simpleHere however rises the problem of costs. Also tied with this is time.”可推出国际援助要到达受助人手中不容易，涉及开销以及时间等问题，由此可推断国际援助正面临着困难。阅读理解Banks view online banking as a powerful “value-added” tool to attract and keep new customers while helping to eliminate costly paper handling or teller（出纳员）interactions in an increasingly competitive banking environment.Today, most large national banks, many local banks and credit unions offer some form of online banking, variously known as PC banking, home banking, electronic banking or Internet banking. Online banks are sometimes referred to as “brick-to-click” banks, both to tell them from “brick-to-mortar” banks that havent yet offered online banking, as well as from “virtual”（虚拟）banks that have no physical branches or tellers whatsoever.The challenge for the banking industry has been to design this new service channel in such a way that its customers will readily learn to use and trust it. Most of the large banks can now offer fully safe , fully functional（功能的）online banking for free or for a small cost. As more banks succeed online and more customers use their sites, fully functional online banking will likely become as commonplace as automated teller machines (ATM).Online banking has a lot of advantages. Unlike your corner bank, online banking sites never close; theyre at hand 24 hours a day, seven days a week and theyre a mouse click away. If youre out of state or even out of the country when a money problem appears, you can log on instantly to your online bank and take care of business. Online bank sites generally carry out and confirm （确认）deals at or quicker than ATM processing speeds. Many online banking sites now offer fashionable tools to help you manage all of your valuable items more effectively.1. The word “eliminate” in the first paragraph probably means “ ”.A. keepB. remove C. reduce D. improve 答案解析：答案为B。本题为词义推断题。结合该词在第一段的前后文，银行认为网上银行是一种强大的增值工具, 可以用它来吸引和维护新的客户，同时也可以帮助 “to eliminate costly paper handling or ”，此处costly意为 “昂贵的，代价高的”, 由此可知，eliminate 意为 “去除” 。故选B。2. What is the challenge for the banking industry according to the text?A. To make online banking attractive.B. To open new services all over the world.C. To offer online