英汉翻译 经典练习题.doc

Translation Technique Practice 11) 根据翻译的定义，举例说明译与非译的区别。（参考答案：翻译是把原文的语言文字或符号系统加以变更，使不懂这种语言的人通过译者的努力变为读者的母语的结果。例如，原文为：他很不错。译文为：Ok，I like him very much. 这就是非译，是胡诌。又如：Father, Son, and the Holy Ghost. 译文是：爸爸，儿子和神圣魔鬼。这也属于非译，它充其量是对原文字面上的解释或者大意上的猜测，达不到传递语言信息的功能。考察其出处，它是源自圣经的一个重要的基督教信仰，翻译为：圣父，圣子，圣灵三位一体。这才是实质的翻译，准确地传达了原文信息和原语文化。翻译并不是单纯的词句转化，而是改变语言符号和传达原文内容两方面的有机统一。）2）请翻译，注意传达出原文信息，并便于读者理解。The woman appeared with our beer. 那个女人给我们送啤酒来了。 Last winter Stanfords new e-commerce elective was the hottest thing on the business school campus, with 28 students using their single “ silver bullet” to secure one of the 66 available spots. 去年冬天，斯坦福大学新开设的电子商务选修课成为商学院最热门的课程，28名学生各施绝技，以求在66个听课席中争得一席。 The study found that non-smoking wives of men who smoke cigarettes face a much greater than normal danger of developing lung cancer. 研究结果表明，丈夫抽烟，妻子不抽烟，那妻子得癌症的危险，要比一般人大得多。 你红光满面。 You look so healthy and full of pep. 他是个“气管炎”。 He is a hen-pecked man. 你是在班门弄斧。 You are showing off your proficiency with an axe before Lu Ban the master carpenter. Translation Technique Practice 21）请分别用直译和意译翻译以下内容： to flog a dead horse 直译：鞭打死马 意译：白费力；徒劳 过街老鼠直译：like a rat crossing the street意译：the object of universal condemnation; a bad man hated by everybodyA nod is as good as a wink to a blind horse.直译：点头也好，眨眼也好，示意盲马，同样无效。意译：犟汉难劝，狂人难喻。树倒猢狲散。直译：When the tree falls, the monkeys scatter.意译：Members run away when the family falls./ Rats leave a sinking ship.2）英译汉：Then what? Well, mankind is not doing a very good job of running the earth right now. Maybe, when the time comes, we ought to step gracefully aside and hand over the job to someone who can do it better. And if we dont step aside, perhaps Supercomputer will simply move in and push us aside. 到那时会怎么样呢？唉，反正人类现在也没有做好管理地球的工作。也许到那时候，我们真该豁达大度地让到一边，把工作交给更为称职的去做。如果我们不主动让位，也许超级电脑就会不客气地闯进来，把我们推到一边。The land did not move, but moved. The sea was not still, yet was still. Paradox flowed into paradox, stillness mixed with stillness, sound with sound.大地止而亦行，大海动而亦静。万籁交而万籁合，若真若假，若是若非。The garden was a paradise on earth, with more food and clothes than could be consumed and more money than could be spent.花园里面是人间乐园，有的是吃不了的大米白面，穿不完的绫罗绸缎，花不完的金银财宝。3) 汉译英：她们大家，不仅个个身上都给太阳晒得暖烘烘的，而且人人心里都有一个小太阳，温暖着各自的心灵。那是一种迷梦，一种痴迷，一种嗜好，至少是一种渺茫的希望，这种希望虽然可能正在化为泡影，但却依然活在个人的心中，因为一切希望都是如此。因此，她们大家全都喜气洋洋，好些人还兴高采烈。And as each and all of them were warmed without by the sun, so each had a private little sun for her soul to bask in; some dream, some affection, some hobby, at least some remote and distant hope which, though perhaps starving to nothing, still lived on, as hopes will. Thus they were all cheerful, and many of them merry. 年年难过年年过，处处无家处处家。Hard up, we manage to get over it each year;Homeless, we try to make home everywhere.他决定洗心革面，脱胎换骨。He is determined to turn over a new leaf.本店货色齐全，品种多样，任君挑选。We have a good assortment of goods to choose from.Translation Technique Practice 31）请翻译, 注意选词A run a fever 发烧 run a car 驾驶小车run oil 提炼石油run the risk of 冒着.的危险The idea runs in his mind 这个念头萦绕在他的脑海里。The street runs north. 大街向北延伸。The news runs rapidly in the town. 这个消息迅速在镇上传开。B 干部要能上能下。 A cadre should be ready to take a lower as well as a higher post. 这盘你上。 You play this game. 我来给门上油漆。 Let me paint the door. 这事已经上了电视。 It has been publicized on TV.2) 请翻译，注意灵活处理。 After the fall of France, Germany was incomparably stronger than England on the ground, about equally matched in the air, and gravely inferior at sea. 法国崩溃之后，德国陆军大大超过英国，空军力量旗鼓相当，海军则不幸处于劣势。 The happiness - the sperior advantage of the young women round about her, gave Rebecca inexpressible pangs of envy. 利蓓加看见她周围的小姐都那么有福气，享受种种权利，说不出的眼红。 He was a clever man; a pleasant companion; a careless student; with a great propensity for running into debt, and a partiality for the tavern. 他是个聪明人，谈吐非常风趣，可是不肯用苦功。他老是东借西挪，又喜欢上酒店喝酒。3） 请根据文体，翻译以下内容：酱香突出，幽雅细腻，酒体醇厚，回味悠长，空杯留香持久，历届国家名酒评比之冠，尊为国酒。Carefully BrewedPure and MellowWith a Long-lasting Aroma美国媒体变恐怖主义传声筒American Media: Mouthpiece of Terrorism中国已成功发射了第一颗试验通讯卫星。这颗卫星是由三级火箭推动的，一直运转正常。它标准着我国在发展运载工具和电子技术方面进入了一个新阶段。The successful launching of Chinas first experimental communication satellite, which was propelled by a three-stage rocket and has been in operation ever since, indicates that our nation has entered a new stage in the development of carrier rockets and electronics.种子不落在肥土而落在瓦砾中，有生命力的种子绝不会悲观和叹气，因为有了阻力才有磨练。生命开始的一瞬间就带来了斗争的草，才是坚韧的草，也只有这种草，才可以傲然地对那些玻璃棚中养育着的盆花哄笑。When the seed falls in debris instead of on fertile soil, the seed with life is never pessimistic or sad, for it has undergone resistance and pressure. The grass that begins to fight its way out right after its birth is strong and tenacious, and only that grass has the right to smile with pride at the potted plants in glassed green houses.Translation Technique Practice 4Assignment：I. Discuss the following questions1. When and where is conversion used in translation?2. Why is it necessary for a translator to convert parts of speech in translation?3. What are the major forms of conversion in English-Chinese translation?4. Do you think the conversions in English-Chinese and Chinese-English translation are just the same? Why do you think so? Or why not ?II. Put the following sentences into Chinese, using the technique of conversion.1. With the passage of time, my admiration for him grew more and more.2. We are enemies of all wars, but above all of dynastic wars.3. My audience varied from tens to thousands. 4. Independent observers have commented favorably on the achievement you have made in this direction.5. No wonder the sight of it should send the memories of quite a number of people of the old generation back to 36 years ago.6. There is a big increase in demand for all kinds of consumer goods in every part of our country.7. Out of all the glorious tales written about the U. S. revolution for independence from Britain the fact is hardly known that a black man was the first to die for American independence.8. I buried my head under the miserable sheet and rug and cried like a child.9. The thief made a trembling confession of his wrongdoing.10. The sailors swarmed into a laughing and cheering ring around the two men.11. I enjoy the clean voluptuousness of the warm breeze on my skin and the cool support of water.12. It was a truth of which I had for some time been conscious that a figure with a good deal of frontage was, as one might say, almost never a public institution.III. Put the following words and expressions into Chinese, trying to get the correct meaning of the original.1. Chinese oil2. a good (bad) sailor3. a goodman4. dry (wet) nurse5. bowel movements6. turn the tables7. a matter of great import8. be out with sb.9. to sit above (below) the salt10. worth ones salt11. to sleep late12. hold water13. blow hot and cold14. a bull in a china shop15. to pull the string16. put all ones eggs in one basket17. to eat ones own words18. to turn over a new leaf19. a short (long) drink20. a man in good shape21. dead men22. the outer man23. the inner man24. the odd manIV. E-C TranslationTranslation Technique Practice 5AssignmentI. Discuss the following questions1. What is restructuring? What are its usual ways in English?2. What are the differences between inversions in English and in Chinese?3. How should we practice the skill of restructuring in English-Chinese translation? Cite some examples to explain.II. Put the following sentences into Chinese, using the technique of conversion.1. This tea-party was given by Mr. Smith, senior correspondent of The Times, London.2. He would be a rash man who should venture to defy world public opinion and act arbitrarily.3. I was all the more delighted when, as a result of the initiative of your government, it proved possible to reinstate the visit so quickly.4. Accounts are given of huge mountains sinking, of former plains seen heaved aloft, of fires flashing out amid the ruin.5. Can you forge against these enemies in a grand and global alliance, North and South, East and West, that can assure a more fruitful life for all mankind? Will you join in that historic effort?6. Bright, very bright were the stars over the wild, dark Yenan hill.7. I believe strongly that it is in the interests of my countrymen that Britain should remain an active and energetic member of the European Community.8. It is easy to see what weight can be overcome and what thrust is necessary to maintain flight.9. Nowadays it is understood that a diet which contains nothing harmful may result in serious disease if certain important elements are missing.10. Many more visitors than it can comfortably accommodate poured into it, off the regular steamers, off charted motorboats and off yachts; all day they amble up the towpath, looking for what?11. I believe that I speak for every sincere and serious representative in the United Nationsso I am encouraged to believe by the speeches to which we have already listened this morningwhen I say that the anniversary must be an occasion for an honest assessment of our failures in the past, matched by an equally determined will to do better in the future, so that we can escape from frustration and turn the anniversary into an inspiration and an achievement.III. Put the following sentences into Chinese, paying attention to the italicized words1. I challenge my own conclusion.2. I challenge you to answer the question.3. China challenges the world in discipline.4. Recent discoveries have challenged the old notions.5. His question challenges us to think.6. Survival in enemy-occupied territory challenged skill.7. He is not committed to an early election.8. I am committed to improving relations with China.9. I cant commit myself by telling you that.10. I wish to know more than commit myself.11. I have no wish to commit you to anything.12. The boss committed him to do it.13. A little fly dropped on her knee, on her white dress. She watched it, as if had fallen on a rose. She was not herself.14. They think along parallel lines and have to table the bill.Translation Technique Practice 6They talked for almost eight hours, through dinner and well into the night. 他们谈了将近8个小时，中间吃了一顿饭，一直到深夜。He favored the efforts to improve relations with all peace-loving countries. 他赞成于为增进与爱好和平国家的关系而做出的一切努力。 “Nobody could count on his restraint or rationality,” he said. 他说：“谁也别指望他会采取克制或讲道理态度”。My work, my family, my friends were more than enough to fill my time. 工作，和家人相处，与朋友交往已足以让我忙的不可开交了。With what enthusiasm the Chinese people are building socialism!中国人民正在以多么高的热情建设社会主义啊！He married her in spite of her looks.尽管他的相貌丑，他还是同她结婚了。The daily newspaper guides, educates and encourage the masses.这份报纸可以指导群众、教育群众，鼓舞群众。Not to educate hem (the child) is to condemn him to repetitious ignorance.如果我们不对儿童进行教育的话，那就会使他们沦入世世代代的愚昧状态。She possessed an innocence unsullied by contact with the contact with the world.她拥有一种纯真，这种纯真并没有因为同外界的接触而玷污。He no longer dreamed of storms, nor or great occurrences, nor of great fish, nor of fights, nor of contests of strength.他不再梦见风暴，不再梦见重大的事件，不再梦见大鱼，不再梦见搏斗，不再梦见角力。Conditions are changing all the time, and to adapt ones thinking to the new conditions, one must study.情况总是在不断变化，要使自己的思想适应新的情况，就得学习。Very acute problems exist among them. 他们之间存在着非常尖锐的种种问题。They drove in a black limousine, past groves of birch trees and endless rows of identical new buildings. 他们乘坐一辆黑色轿车，经过一丛丛的白烨树和一排排的新楼房。这些楼房，千篇一律，望不到头。Translation Technique Practice7将英语正面表达转换为汉语反面表达The proposal was carried by a very narrow margin. 这项建议差点通不过。We believe that the younger generation will prove worthy of our trust. 我们相信，年轻一代将不会辜负我们的信任。The lecture was interesting，but as far as I am concerned the speaker was speaking over my head这讲座很有趣，但对我来说，讲座太深了，听不懂。As he sipped his coffee, he opened a still damp morning paper; and began reading. 他一面喝咖啡，一面翻开油墨未干的晨报，看了起来。“I have read your articlesI expect to meet an old man”“我读过你的文章，没想到你这样年轻。”He dived into the water fully clothed and rescued the children他衣服没脱就跳入水中，把孩子救了上来。英语反面表达转换为汉语正面表达No word is meaningless.每个词都有它的含义。The human system can hold out for a while against the gas from a leaking, damped-down coal stove, but soon after unconsciousness comes death. 煤气若是从封上火的煤炉漏出，人体可以忍受一些时候，但人昏迷之后，不用很久就会死亡。I only wish he was here himself，as I dont doubt he will be here at sunset tomorrow我希望他也在这里，我有把握，明天太阳下山的时候，他就要来了。At the same time，even as she untied the package，the thought came to hersupposing they would not work？就在她打开包的时候，她有一个念头：万一它们不灵验呢？The scientist must approach the familiar just as carefully and cautiously as he does the unfamiliar科学家在处理熟知的事物时，必须像处理陌生的事物一样小心谨慎。Translation Technique Practice 8一、译下列各句，注意省略代词：He looked at the six of them huddled together in front of him and he seemed to be embarrassed as if he couldnt think of anything to say.他看看在他面前缩成一团的六个人，显得有些为难，似乎想不出说什么好。Anyone who doesnt recognize this fact is not a materialist.不承认这个事实，就不是唯物主义者。Thats the way I am, and try I might, I havent been able to change it.我就这德性，尽管我努力改变，仍然改变不了。We knew spring is coming when we had seen a robin.我们看到了知更鸟就知道春天就要来了。We live and learn.活到老，学到老。二、译下列各句，省略冠词A whale is no more a fish than a horse is.鲸不是鱼就像马不是鱼一样。When the article arrived, the editor read the first sentence and then refused to publish it.文章收到后，编辑读了第一句话就拒绝发表。 The horse is a useful animal.马是有用的动物。The good ended happily, and the bad unhappily, that is what fiction means.善有善报，恶有恶报，那是小说，现实并非如此。三、译下列各句，注意省略介词：The peoples republic of china was founded in 1949.1949年中华人民共和国成立。Rumors had already spread along the streets and lanes.大街小巷早就传遍了各种流言蜚语。In the absence of force, a body will either remain at rest, or continue to move with constant speed in a straight line.倘无外力作用，物体则保持静止状态，或作匀速直线运动。四、译下列各句，省略连词：I gave her what little money I had.我竭尽绵薄将我仅有的钱都给他了。When the board was spinning slowly, you could see all the different colors. 木板慢慢转动，你就能看到各种不同的色彩。Because the departure was not easy, we made it brief.离别是让人难受的，于是我们就匆匆告别了。Like charges repel each other while opposite charges attract.同性电荷相斥，异性电荷相吸。Long skirts carry dust, but short skirts carry away souls.长裙沾尘，短裙勾魂。五、译下列各句，省略非人称it：Outside it was pitch-dark and it was raining cats and dogs 外面一团漆黑，大雨倾盆。It seemed a long time before my turn came.似乎等了很久才轮到我。It is only shallow people who judge by appearance. 只有浅薄的人才会以貌取人。Reading furnished the mind only with materials of knowledge; it is thinking that makes what we read ours.（John Locke）读书只能供给大脑以知识的原料，只有思考才能使我们读过的东西真正成为自己的。Translation Technique Practice 9Television, it is often said, keeps one informed about current events, allows one to follow the latest developments in science and politics, and offers an endless series of programs which are both instructive and entertaining. 人们常说, 通过电视可以了解时事, 掌握科学和政治的最新动态。从电视里还可以看到层出不穷、既有教育意义又有娱乐性的新节目。Although perhaps only 1 per cent of the life that has started somewhere will develop into highly complex and intelligent patterns, so vast is the number of planets that intelligent life is bound to be a natural part of the universe.虽然在某处已经开始的生命中可能仅有百分之一会发展成高度复杂、有智慧的型式, 但是行星的数目如此之多, 以致有智慧的生命一定是宇宙的一个天然组成部分。Even when we turn off the beside lamp and are fast asleep, electricity is working for us, driving our refrigerators, heating our water, or keeping our rooms air-conditioned.即使在我们关掉了床头灯深深地进入梦乡时, 电仍在为我们工作: 帮我们开动电冰箱, 把水加热, 或使室内空调机继续运转。Prior to the twentieth century, women in novels were stereotypes of lacking any features that made them unique individuals and were also subject to numerous restrictions imposed by the male-dominated culture.在20世纪以前, 小说中的妇女像都是一个模式。她们没有任何特点, 因而无法成为具有个性的人; 他们还要屈从于由男性主宰的文化传统强加给他们的种种束缚。It begins as a childlike interest in the grand spectacle and exciting event; it grows as a mature interest in the variety and complexity of the drama, the splendid achievements and terrible failures; it ends as deep sense of the mystery of mans life of all the dead, great and obscure, who once walked the earth, and of wonderful and awful possibilities of being a human being.我们对历史的爱好起源于我们最初仅对一些历史上的宏伟场面和激动人心的事件感到孩童般的兴趣; 其后, 这种爱好变得成熟起来, 我们开始对历史这出“戏剧”的多样性和复杂性, 对历史上的辉煌成就和悲壮失败也感兴趣; 对历史的爱好, 最终以我们对人类生命的一种深沉的神秘感而告结束。 对死去的, 无论是伟大与平凡, 所有在这个地球上走过而已逝的人，都有能取得伟大奇迹或制造可怕事件的潜力。Aluminum remained unknown until the nineteenth century, because nowhere in nature is it found free, owing to its always being combined with other elements, most commonly with oxygen, for which it has a strong affinity.铝总是跟其他元素结合在一起, 最普遍的是跟氧结合; 因为铝跟氧有很强的亲和力, 由于这个原因, 在自然界找不到游离状态的铝。所以, 铝直到19世纪才被人发现。They (the poor) are the first to experience technological progress as a curse which destroys the old muscle-power jobs that previous generations used as a means to fight their way out of poverty.对于以往几代人来说, 旧式的体力劳动是一种用以摆脱贫困的手段, 而技术的进步则摧毁了穷人赖以为生的体力劳动, 因此首先体验到技术进步之害的是穷人。Insects would make it impossible for us to live in the world; they would devour all our crops and kill our flocks and herds, if it were not for the protection we get from insect-eating animals.假如没有那些以昆虫为食的动物保护我们, 昆虫将吞噬我们所有的庄稼, 害死我们的牛羊家畜, 使我们不能生存于世。Up to the present time, throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, this new tendency placed the home in the immediate suburbs, but concentrated manufacturing activity, business relations, government, and pleasure in the centers of the cities.到目前为止, 经历了18和19两个世纪, 这种新的倾向是把住宅安排在城市的近郊, 而把生产活动、商业往来、