初中英语八大时态问题总结.doc

初中英语时态问题总结一、一般现在时 1、概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。 2、时间状语： Always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month), once a week(day, year, month)。3、基本结构：动词原形 （如主语为第三人称单数，动词上要改为第三人称单数形式，也就是+s）。 4、否定形式：主语+am/is/are +not+sth;，此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加dont, 如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesnt，同时还原行为动词（也就是doesnt后面用动词原形)。 5、一般疑问句：（1）把be动词提前（放于句首）；（2）用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时还原行为动词。二、一般过去时 1、概念：（1）过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；（2）过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。 2、时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last(year, night, month), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time。3、基本结构：使用be动词或行为动词的过去式。4、否定形式：（1)主语+was/were +not+sth;(2)在行为动词前加didnt，同时还原行为动词.。5、一般疑问句：（1）was或were放于句首；（2）用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。三、现在进行时1、概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。2、时间状语：now, at this time, days,look. listen3、基本结构：主语+be +doing +sth 4、否定形式：主语+be +not +doing+sth 5.一般疑问句：把be动词提前（放句首） 四、过去进行时 1、概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。2、时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等(就是when后面的动词是一般过去时的形式）。3、基本结构 主语+was/were +doing +sth 4、否定形式：主语+was/were + not +doing+其他 5、一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。 五、现在完成时 1、概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。 2、时间状语：yet,already,just,never,ever,so far,by now,since+时间点，for+时间段，recently, lately, in the past few years。 3、基本结构：主语+have/has +p.p（过去分词）+sth 4、否定形式：主语+have/has + not +p.p（过去分词）+sth5、一般疑问句：have或has(放句首引导) 六、过去完成时 1、概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。2、时间状语：Before, by the end of last year (term, month)。 3、基本结构：肯定句：主语+ had+p.p（过去分词）+sth 否定句：主语+ had+ not+p.p（过去分词）+sth 一般疑问句：Had+主语+p.p（过去分词）+sth 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词（when,what,which,who,whom,whose,why,how,where)+一般疑问句六、一般将来时1、概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。2、时间状语：Tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, in a few minutes, by,the day after tomorrow。 3、基本结构：（1）主语+am/is/are +going to + do+sth（2）主语+will/shall + do+sth 4、否定形式：（1）主语+am/is/are not going to do+sth；（2）主语+will/shall not do+sth 5、一般疑问句：（1）be放于句首；（2）will/shall提到句首。八、过去将来时1、概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。 2、时间状语：The next day (morning, year),the following month(week)。 3、基本结构：（1）主语+was/were +going to + do+sth；（2）主语+would/should + do+sth 4、否定形式：（1）主语+was/were/not + going to + do+sth; （2）主语+would/should + not + do. 5.一般疑问句：（1）was或were放于句首；（2）would/should 提到句首。 九、将来完成时 1、概念：在将来某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态 2、时间状语：（1）by the time of; by the end of+时间短语（将来）;（2）by the time+从句（将来）3、基本结构：主语+be going to/will/shall + have+p.p（过去分词）+sth 十、现在完成进行时 1、概念：表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作。这一动作可能刚刚开始，也可能仍在继续，并可能延续到将来。 2、时间状语：since+时间点，for+时间段等。3、基本结构：主语+have/has +been +doing+sth 十一、 一般过去时与现在完成时的转换 1、在现在完成时中，延续性动词能与表示一段时间的状语连用（延续性动词表示能够延续的动作：learn,work,stand,lie,know,walk,keep,have,wait,watch,sing,read,sleep,live,stay.)2、瞬间动词(也称终止性动词：open,die,close,begin,finish,come,go,move,borrow,lend,buy.）可用其他的表达方式： 瞬间动词用于“一段时间 + ago”的一般过去时的句型中。例如：He joined the league two years ago. 瞬间动词可改成与之相对应的延续性动词及短语，与一段时间连用。例如： He has been in the league for two years. 瞬间动词用于“It is + 一段时间 + since + 一般过去时”的句型中，表示“自从以来有时间”的意思，主句一般用it is来代替It has been。例如： It is two years since he joined the league. 瞬间动词用于“Some time has passed since + 一般过去时”的句型中。例如：Two years has passed since he joined the league.十二、一般现在时与现在进行时的转换 在一般现在时中，at加上名词表示“处于某种状态”，如at work（在工作）, at school（上学、上课）等。此短语可与进行时态转换。例如：Peter is at work, but Mike is at play. 十三、现在进行时与一般将来时的转换 在现在进行时态中go, come, leave, start, arrive等动词常与表示将来的时间状语连用表示将要发生的动作。如：（1）I am coming, Mum! 意为“我就来，妈妈！”。 初中英语重点短语1. look at看 2. look like看起来象3. look the same看起来一样4. have a look看一下5. the same as与一样6. at the same time同时7. all the same还要8. come out of从出来9. come on继续10. come out出版11. would like to想要12. find out发现13. look for寻找14. help sb. with帮助某人某事15. with the help of在帮助下16. its time for到了的时间了17. give back归还18. give up放弃19. put on穿上20 put up举起；张贴21. put down放下；写下；批评;奚落;贬损22. put away拿走23. put off推迟，拖延24. tell sb. about sth.告诉某人关于某事25. be pleased with对感到高兴26. what about / how about 怎么样？27. be different from和不同28. make friends with和交朋友29. make the bed铺床30. make mistakes犯错误31. make money赚钱32. make sb. do sth.让某人做某事33. make up ones mind下定决心34. make faces做鬼脸35. make fun of取笑36. do the cooking做饭37. do sports做运动38. do well in在方面做的好39. do with用做40. get up起床41. get back回来42. get on上车43. get off下车44. get married结婚45. get dressed穿衣服46. get on well with和相处得好47. get in进来48. get in trouble陷入困境49. get together在一起50. get lost迷路51. have difficulties in doing做有困难52. on time准时53. at times有时54. all the time随时55. at the same time同时56. have a good time玩得高兴，过得愉快57. take ones time占用某人时间58. hope to do sth.希望做某事59. laugh at嘲笑60. smile at对笑61. a waste of time浪费时间62. trip over旅行64. agree with同意65. agree to同意某人意见66. help oneself to/ feed oneself自己取用食物67. feed on喂养68. hear sb. doing听见某人正在做某事69. take care关心70. take back拿回，收回；取消；带回去71. take a walk散步72. take photos照相73. take a bus 7乘7路公交车74. keep (on) doing继续做75. keep up with跟上，不落后76. keep sb. from doing阻止某人做某事77. a bit of cold一点冷78. in good health有好身体79. be good f or ones health对某人健康有好处80. keep healthy保持健康81. quite a lot很多82. by the way顺便问一下83. in this way这样84. on ones way to在某人去的路上85. be in a red T-shirt穿一件红色T-恤86. be famous for因而著名87. be married to娶/嫁给某人88. at the end of在最后89. at last最后90. by the end of到末了为止91. preferto比起更喜欢92. prefer dancing to singsing比起唱歌更喜欢跳舞93. in the west of在西部94. be on the east of在的东方(接壤)95. be to the west of在的西方(不接壤)96. stay up熬夜97. stop doing停止做98. stop to do停止去做99. stopfrom doing防止某人做某事100. get ready for为做好准备101. at first起初，刚开始102. at the beginning of在的开始103. for the first time第一次104. lose ones life失去生命105. lose interest失去兴趣106. lose ones job失业107. make noise发出噪音108. in a low voice低声说109. invite sb. to do邀请某人做某事110. feeling like doing想要做某事111. instead of代替，而不是112. every four days每四天113. look over检查114. look around环视115. look up in a dictionary查字典116. look out小心117. take part in参加119. leave sb. by oneself留下某人一个人120. leave sb. alone只留下某人121. turn on打开122. turn up (把音量)调高123. turn off关掉124. turn down (把音量)调低125. teach oneself自学126. help oneself to自己取用127. lose oneself in失去自我128. hurt oneself自己伤到自己129. say to oneself自言自语130. to ones surprise让某人感到惊奇的是131. in surprise惊奇地132. be amazed at对感到惊奇133. be in silence沉默，无语134. keep quiet保持安静135. go on doing继续做136. go on to do继续去做(原本未完成的)137. not so as不如138. get on well with与相处得好139. be angry with生气140. be angry at对某人生气141. get into trouble陷入困境142. get out of trouble逃离困境143. fall asleep入睡144. be asleep睡着了145. fast asleep很快地入睡146. look out of向外看147. get sth. out of把拿出来148. out of danger脱离危险149. tell a lie说谎150. set out出发,开始,装饰,陈列,测定,宣布,移植,陈述151. start out出发，动身152. set up设立，创立153. come back to life重新生活154. come to a stop停一下156. used to过去常常157. be used to习惯于158. be used as被用来做159. pay for为付款160. in return作为报答161. pay attention to注意，专注于162. be on a visit to在去旅行的路上163. no matter what无论何事164. no matter when无论何时165. no matter how无论如何166. neither nor既不也不167. not only but also不单而且168. eitheror不是就是169. be afraid of害怕170. leave a message留言171. take a message for为留言172. go on with把进行下去173. prevent from doing阻止某人做某事174. search sb. for向某人查询信息175. search the internet for information上网查询176. think of想起177. think over反复想178. think highly of尊重179.the number of 的数量180. a number of大量的181. warn sb. of警告某人关于182. have nothing to do with无事可做183. have sth. done已经作完某事184. too to太而不能185. put sth. right正确放置186. fill.with充满187. be filled with被充满188. be full of被充满189. be covered with被覆盖190. point to指向(远)191. point at指向(近)192. thanks to幸亏193. because of因为194. hear of听说195. hear from收到来信196. more or less或多或少197. less than少于198. more and more越来越多199. the more, the better越多越好200. 400 meters wide四百米宽201. 100 metres high一百米高202. millions of几百万的203. increase knowledge增长知识204. increase by增加205. by the end of 2010到2010年为止206. would rather than与其不如208. as many as像一样多209. as little as 50 yuan像50元一样少210. take order采取适当手段去211. receive an invitation收到邀请212. long before很久以前213. before long很久以后214. as if好象215. even though即使216. win the game赢得比赛217. beat sb. in the game在比赛中赢得某人218. realize ones mistakes认识到错误219. carry out a plan执行计划220. expect to do期待去做221. developing countries发展中国家222. developed countries发达国家223. so many sheep如此多的羊224. so much milk如此多的牛奶225. at the moment此刻226. leave for动身去某地227. come up with提出，想出228. think over仔细考虑229. for example例如230. win first prize赢得头奖231. go on business出差232. slow down (使)慢下来233. a crowd of一片拥挤234. be proud of以为骄傲235. improve the environment改善环境236. come to ones ears在耳边说237. clean and tidy整洁干净的238. make a contribution to做出贡献；捐赠239. as soon as possible尽快地240. a rush trip一次匆忙旅行241. take a taxi乘出租车242. type in打入，输入(计算机)243. double right clicks双击右键