时态的一致与不一致.doc

时态的一致与不一致1、时态的一致 某些从句里的动词时态与主句里的动词时态相呼应的规律，叫做时态的一致。（1）如果主句中的谓语动词是现在时态或将来时态时，从句中的谓语动词可根据具体要求而用不同的相应时态。I know that his brother studied here.我（现在）知道他哥哥在这里学习过（指以前）。Can you tell me when you will finish the work? 你能告诉我你将何时完成这项工作？（2）主句中的谓语动词是过去时态，从句中也要用过去时态。如果从句的动作发生在主句的动作之前，从句中的谓语动词须用过去完成时，过去完成进行时或一般过去时。用一般过去时时，从句中必须有表过去的时间状语。He told me he had been there.他告诉我他去过那里。I thought you were having a meeting.我想你正在开会。The boy said he was born in 1975.那男孩说他出生于1975年。如果从句的动作和主句的动作同时发生，从句动词用一般过去时或过去进行时。I was told that they were designing a new machine.有人告诉我，他们正在设计一台新机器。He told me he was unwell.他告诉我他不舒服。如果从句中的动作发生在主句的动作之后，从句中的谓语动词要用过去将来时。They didnt know when hey would go to the Great wall.他不知道什么时候去参观长城。She said she was going to be a doctor after leaving school.她说毕业后她要当一名医生。2、时态的不一致从句中的谓语动词与主句中的谓语动词不相呼应，这种现象称为时态的不一致。下列场合，如果主句谓语动词为过去时态，宾语从句中的谓语动词仍用一般现在时。（1）从句所表达的是客观真理或客观事实时。Long ago people didnt know that the earth moves around the sun.很久以前人们不知道地球绕着太阳转。The teacher said that practice makes perfect.老师说熟能生巧。（2）当从句中谓语动词所表示的动作在转述时仍在继续，或表示现在时刻仍存在的状态时。She told me that she is only 15 now.她告诉我她现在只有15岁。因此，不同的从句应根据其需要，选用恰当的时态。时态确定的技巧一、时态的呼应：在复合句，从句（主要是宾语从句）中的时态，常受主句谓语动词的影响，这就叫做时态的呼应，时态的呼应一般有如下的情况。 1、如果主句的谓语动词为现在时态，其从句中的谓语动词应该用什么时态就用什么时态，如：She knows you have been in Beijing for five rears. 2、如果主句中的谓语动词为过去时态，从句中的谓语动词就要用过去时态，但要注意到下列情况：（1） 如果从句中的谓语动词所表示的动作与主句中的谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，从句中须用一般过去时或过去进行时，如：She said she was busy then. (2)如果从句中的谓语动词所表示的动作发生在主句谓语动词所表示的动作之前，从句中须用过去完成时，如：I didnt know that she had been to London twice. (3)如果从句中的谓语动词所表示的动作发生在主句谓语动词所表示的动作之后，从句须用过去将来时，如：They didnt know when they would have a rest. (4)如果从句中说明的是一种普遍真理现象，虽然主句的谓语动词为过去时态从句中仍要用一般现在时，如：When I was a little child, my father told me that the earth is round. (5)如果从句中有表示具体过去时间的状语，虽然其谓语动词所表示的动作发生在主句谓语动词所表示的动作之前，从句仍用一般过去时，但如果该状语表示的时间不具体，则从句仍要用过去完成时，如：Tome said he was born in 1975.二、从句子本身附带的时间状语来确定时态。（1）句中若有every day, every Friday afternoon, twice a week, often, always, usually等类似的时间状语时，句子多用一般现在时。They usually watch TV in the evening. 他们通常晚上看电视。Miss Wang studies English on the radio every morning. 王小姐每天早晨跟着收音机学英语。（2）句中若有yesterday, last month, in 1998, two years ago, before liberation等类似的时间状语时，句子多用一般过去时。I told her to bring my book to school yesterday. 我昨天告诉她把我的书拿到学校来。My sister finished middle school half a year ago. 我妹妹中学毕业半年了。（3）句中若有tomorrow, next week, when spring comes, if we have time等类似的时间状语(或从句)时，句子(或主句)多用一般将来时。If it doesnt rain tomorrow, we will visit the Great Wall. 如果明天不下雨，我将去看长城。There will be a film in our school tomorrow evening. 明晚我校有电影。（4）句中若有for two years, in the past ten years, since 1990, already, just, yet等类似的时间状语(或从句)时，句子(或主句)多用现在完成时。Zhou Lan has already studied in this school for two years. 周兰已在这所学校学习了两年。The two old men havent seen each other since 1970. 这两位老人自从1970来一直没见过。（5）句中若有at ten last night, the whole evening, this time yesterday, when he came in等类似的时间状语(或从句)时，10句子(或主句)多用过去进行时。They were having a meeting at ten yesterday morning.昨天10点他们在开会。 We were talking about the film when he came in. 他进来时我们正在谈论电影。（6）句中若有by 1999, by the end of last term, two weeks before, before he came here等类似的时间状语(或从句)时，句子(或主句)多用过去完成时。By the end of the match, they had kicked four goals. 比赛结束前，他们打入了四球。He had learned two thousand Chinese words before he came to the school. 他上学前就学会了两千个汉字。（7）句中若有时间状语now或提示词 Look!, Listen!, Be quiet!, Hurry!等时，句子