2016届高考英语完形填空议论文与说明文备考范例

2016届高考英语完形填空议论文与说明文备考范例完形填空之说明文文体 Step I 说明文类完形填空的命题特点说明文类完形填空题常就某一个问题从不同的角度来加以说明，文章可以是用来说明某一个存在的社会现象、一个产品的制作过程、一种产品的使用方法、某个科学成就或人类生活中所面临的某个具体的难题。说明文所呈现的方式较为单一，作者往往一开始就交代说明的对象，然后再从不同的角度进行说明。由于以上特点，这类文章的每一段通常就是其中的一个角度或侧面，所以要注意概括每一个段落的主旨大意，尤其是文章每一段的开头或结尾，作者往往对说明的话题进行概括说明。Step II 2012年全国新课标卷的完形填空试题（说明文）Body language is the quiet, secret and most powerful language of all! It speaks _36_ than words. According to specialists, our bodies send out more _37_ than we realize. In fact, nonverbal communication (非言语交际) takes up about 50% of what we really _38_.And body language is particularly _39_ when we attempt to communicate across cultures (文化)Indeed, what is called body language is so _40_ a part of us that its actually often unnoticed.And misunderstandings occur as a result of it._41_， different societies treat the _42_ between people differently. Northern Europeans usually do not like having _43_ contact (接触) even with friends, and certainly not with _44_.People from Latin American countries, _45_， touch each other quite a lot. Therefore, its possible that in _46_， it may look like a Latino is _47_ a Norwegian all over the room. The Latino, trying to express friendship, will keep moving _48_.The Norwegian, very probably seeing this as pushiness, will keep _49_ which the Latino will in return regard as _50_.Clearly, a great deal is going on when people _51_.And only a part of it is in the words themselves. And when parties are from _52_ cultures, theres a strong possibility of _53_.But whatever the situation, the best _54_ is to obey the Golden Rule: treat others as you would like to be _55_.36. A. straighter B. louder C. harder D. further37. A. sands B. invitations C. feelings D. messages38. A. hope B. receive C. discover D. mean39. A. immediate B. misleading C. important D. difficult40. A. wep B. far C. much D. long41. A. For exampleB.Thus C.However D. In short42. A. trade B.distance C. connections D. greetings43. A. eye B. verbal C. bodily D. telephone44. A. strangers B. Relatives C. neighbours D. Enemies45. A. in other words B. on the other hand C. in a similar way D. by all means46. A. trouble B. conversation C. silence D. experiment47. A. disturbing B. Helping C. guiding D. following48. A. closer B. faster C. in D. away49. A. stepping forward B. going on C. backing away D. coming out50. A. weakness B. carelessness C. friendliness D. coldness51. A. talk B. travel C. laugh D. think52. A. different B. European C. Latino D. rich53. A. curiosity B. excitement C. misunderstanding D.nervousness54. A. chance B. time C. result D. advice55. A. noticed B. treated C. respected D. pleasedStep III 解答说明文类完形填空的应试策略 （以2012年完形试题为例）1利用说明文的首句查找说明主体说明文一般开头点题，即作者往往在首句直接提出说明对象。这篇文章的首句为： Body language is the quiet, secret and most powerful language of all！故文章说明的主体就是“body language”。2把握说明文的两种结构模式(1)总分式。包括“总分、分总、总分总”等具体形式。本篇文章采用“总分总”模式，即先说明“body language”的重要性，然后用跨文化交流的一个例子来说明，即“Northern Europeans”和“People from Latin American countries”在交流中的“body language”，最后作总结。(2)递进式。事理说明文多用递进式结构，一层一层地剖析事理。具体包括：空间顺序从上到下、从外到内、从左到右、从南到北、从远到近、从中间到四周、从整体到部分；时间顺序按照时间先后顺序来安排，事物都有发生、发展、消亡的过程；逻辑顺序有些说明文主要是剖析事理的，在说明时就按照事理的逻辑关系进行安排，或者从主到次、从浅到深、从原因到结果，具有严密的条理性。Step IV 解答说明文类完形填空的3个解题步骤第一步：通过短文首尾句抓主旨说明文的篇首会出现话题中心，通过首段可把握文章的主题；而尾句往往是文章的结论或点睛之笔。利用开篇启示作用的首句和总结概括性的尾句可以概括出本篇文章的大意：身势语在交际中的重要性，并举了一些相关的例子。第二步：填空时关注段落或意群间的内在联系文章第一段可以分为三个意群。第一个意群为前两句，提出“body language”的重要性超过了语言，故_36_题自然成为louder；第二个意群第3、4句，从专家的角度列举论据；第三个意群为513句，其中心内容为：Indeed, what is called body language is so _40_ a part of us that its actually often unnoticed. And misunderstandings occur as a result of it.；然后以813句的具体事例说明中心内容。在第一段说明“body language”在交际中的重要作用的基础上，第二段提出了解决“misunderstanding”的方法，即第三段的最后一句：treat others as you would like to be _55_。第三步：重览短文，查缺补漏通读文章，检查思路是否顺畅及有无逻辑关系错误，同时填补遗留的空缺。step V 应用体验-(2013安徽高考)Ifyouwanttolearnanewlanguage,theveryfirstthingtothinkaboutiswhy.Doyouneeditfora_36_reason,suchasyourjoboryourstudies?_37_perhapsyoureinterestedinthe_38_,filmsormusicofadifferentcountryandyouknowhowmuchitwillhelptohavea_39_ofthelanguage.Mostpeoplelearnbestusingavarietyof_40_,buttraditionalclassesareanideal（理想的）startformanypeople.They_41_anenvironmentwhereyoucanpracticeunderthe_42_ofsomeonewhosgoodatthelanguage.Wealllead_43_livesandlearningalanguagetakes_44_.Youwillhavemoresuccessifyoustudyregularly,sotrytodevelopa_45_.Itdoesntmatterifyouhaventgotlong.Becomingfluentinalanguagewilltakeyears,butlearningtogetbytakes_46_.Manypeoplestartlearningalanguageandsoongiveup.“Imtoo_47_,”theysay.Yes,childrendolearnlanguagesmore_48_thanadults,butresearchhasshownthatyoucanlearnalanguageatany_49_.Andlearningisgoodforthehealthofyourbrain,too.Ivealsoheardpeople_50_aboutthemistakestheymakewhen_51_.Well,relaxandlaughaboutyourmistakes_52_youremuchlesslikelytomakethemagain.Learninganewlanguageisnever_53_.Butwithsomeworkanddevotion,youllmakeprogress.Andyoullbe_54_bythepositivereactionofsomepeoplewhenyousayjustafewwordsin_55_ownlanguage.Goodluck!36.A.technicalB.politicalC.practical D.physical37.A.After B.So C.ThoughD.Or38.A literature B. transport C. agriculture D. medicine 39.A view B. knowledge C. form D. database 40.A paintings B. regulations C. methods D. computers 41.A. protect B. change C. respect D. provide 42.A. control B. command C. guidance D. pressure 43.A. busy B. happy C. simple D. normal 44.A. courage B. time C. energy D. place 45.A. theory B. business C. routine D. project 46.A. some risks B. a lot less C. some notes D. a lot more 47.A. old B. nervous C. weak D. tired 48.A. closely B. quickly C. privately D. quietly 49.A. age B. speed C. distance D. school 50.A. worry B. hesitate C. think D. quarrel 51.A. singing B. working C. bargaining D. learning 52.A. if B. and C. but D. before 53.A. tiresome B. hard C. interesting D. easy 54.A. blamed B. amazed C. interrupted D. informed 55.A. their B. his C. our D.your提示： 读懂文章是关键1文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章就学习外语的原因、方法以及外语学习与年龄、犯错误之间的关系等进行了讨论。2文章脉络：探讨学习外语的原因探讨学习外语的方法探讨学习外语与年龄、犯错误之间的关系总结：努力、坚持学就有会有所收获。step V 随堂即时训练 Children have lost touch with nature and the outdoors in just one generation! Recently a campaign encouraging children to put away _1_ and play outside has been organized. The campaign, said to be the biggest _2_， has been launched with the _3_ of a documentary film, Project Wild Thing. It tells the story of how, _4_ an attempt to get his daughter and son outside, filmmaker David Bond _5_ as marketing director for nature.The call to renew a _6_ with nature comes from about 400 organizations, from playgroups to the National Health Service. Children are being _7_ to take back their “wild time”， _8_ 30 minutes of screen use for outdoor activities. The organizers _9_ that giving up 30 minutes of television and computer games each day in exchange for outdoor play will increase the _10_ of fitness and alertness and improve childrens wellbeing.According to the chairman Andy Simpson, right now, time spent outdoors is _11_， activity levels are declining and the ability to identify common species has been _12_.“With many more parents becoming _13_ the dominance (统治地位) of screen time in their childrens lives, and growing scientific evidence that a decline in _14_ time is bad news for the health and happiness of our children, we all need to become marketing directors for nature. We want parents to see what this magical wonder product does for their kids development, independence and creativity, by giving wild time a _15_，” said Mr. Simpson.In Mr. Bonds opinion, the reasons why kids, _16_ they live in cities or the countryside, have become _17_ from nature and the outdoors are complex. “We need to make more space for wild time in childrens daily routine, _18_ this generation of kids to have the sort of experiences that many of us took for granted. Its all about finding _19_ on your doorstep and discovering the sights, sounds and _20_ of nature maybe in a back garden, a local park, or just green space at the end of the road.”1. A. subjects B. screens C. stages D. scenes 2. A. ever B. likely C. then D. even 3. A. outcome B. direction C. exposure D. release 4. A. by B. on C. for D. in 5. A. behaves B. acts C. treats D. regards 6. A. connection B. commitment Ccontract D. campaign 7. A. pulled B. forced C. urged D. warned 8. A. providing B. taking C. swapping D. preparing 9. A. allow B. admit C. acquire D. argue 10. A. amounts B. levels C. degrees D. standards 11. A. down B. up C. over D. off 12. A. developed B. shown C. tested D. lost 13. A. delighted with B. guilty of C. concerned about D. desperate for 14. A. free B. active C. spare D. normal 15. A. go B. bit C. look D. fit 16. A. while B. though C. as D. whether 17. A. escaped B. disconnected C. suffered D. protected 18A. freeing B. forbidding C. seeking D. serving 19. A. imagination B. fortune C. wildness D. solution 20. A. senses B. voices C. features D. smells完形填空之议论文文体 Step I 议论文类完形填空的命题特点议论文是高考完形填空题中较难的一种文体，它一般由三个要素组成：论点、论据、结论。要做好议论文型完形填空，最重要的是抓住作者的论点。Step II 2014新课标卷卷的完形填空试题（议论文）As a general rule, all forms of activity lead to boredom when they aare performed on a routine(常规)basis. As a matter of fact, we can see this_41_at work in people of all_42_. For example, on Christmas morning, children are excited about_43_with their new toys. But their_44_soon wears off and by January those_45_toys can be found put away in the basement. The world is full of_46_stamp albums and unfinished models, each standing as a monument to someones _47_interest. When parents bring home a pet, their child _48_bathes it and brushes its fur. Within a short time, however, the_49_of caring for the animal is handed over to the parents. Adolescents enter high school with great_50_but are soon looking forward to_51_. The same is true of the young adults going to college. And then, how many_52_, who now complain (抱怨) about the long drives to work,_53_drove for hours at a time when they first_54_their drivers license (执照)? Before people retire, they usually_55_to do a lot of _56_things, which they never had_57_to do while working. But_58_after retirement, the golfing, the fishing, the reading and all of the other pastimes become as boring as the jobs they_59_. And, like the child in January, they go searching for new_60_.41. A. principle B. habit C. weaker D. power42. A. parties B. races C. countries D. ages 43. A. working B. living C. playing D. going44. A. confidence B. interest C. anxiety D. sorrow45. A. same B. extra C. funny D. expensive46. A. well-organized B. colorfully-printed C. newly- collected D. half-filled47. A. broad B. passing C. different D. main48. A. silently B. impatiently C. gladly D. worriedly49. A. promise B. burden C. right D. game50. A. courage B. calmness C. confusion D. excitement51. A. graduation B. independence C. responsibility D. success52. A. children B. students C. adults D. retirees53. A. carefully B. eagerly C. nervously D. bravely54. A. required B. obtained C. noticed D. discovered55. A. need B. learn C. start D. plan56. A. great B. strong C. difficult D. correct57. A. time B. money C. skills D. knowledge58. A. only B. well C. even D. soon.59. A. lost B. chose C. left D. quit60. A. pets B. toys C. friends D. colleaguesStep III 解答议论文类完形填空的应试策略 （以2014年新课标I完形试题为例）1了解论点提出的三种方式，抓住文章的核心议论文提出论点主要有三种方法：(1)开门见山地提出论点； (2)导入式提出论点； (3)最后提出论点。本文在文章的一开始就提出论点，即： As a general rule, all forms of activity lead to boredom when they are performed on a routine (常规) basis.2关注文章的组织结构这篇文章的结构为：开篇提出论点，然后再通过具体的论据一一地论证该论点。3体会文章中的语言感情色彩作者在写作时往往赋予了文章一定的感情色彩，语气和感情色彩的和谐会贯穿于全文。对语言感情色彩和谐性的掌握会为理解全文提供帮助。Step IV 解答议论文类完形填空的3个解题步骤第一步：通读全文，从首(尾)句入手，抓住中心议论文的写作思路一般为：提出问题分析问题解决问题。因此文章的第一、二句话通常为文章的主题句，而最后通常为文章的结论。该篇文章是“论点论据”结构，考生必须利用文章的首句推测出文章的中心，找到理解文章的正确方向。利用这一方法可以得出这篇文章的大意：在人的一生中会有很多兴趣与爱好，但是当这些兴趣和爱好成为常规，即经常要做的事情时，人们很快就会失去对它们的兴趣，转而寻找新的兴趣与爱好了。作者在本文中通过孩子厌倦玩具、少年厌倦高中、青年厌倦大学、成人厌倦开车、老年人厌倦退休后的生活的例子告诉了我们这个道理。第二步：综合考虑，逐项填空在解题的过程中，首先要把握作者的观点和态度。议论文往往体现作者对某一事物的鲜明观点，而作者的观点即文章的论点。另外，还要注意段与段之间的逻辑关系。议论文的每一段往往就是一个论据，而论据间又是互为补充、互为联系的。第三步：复核全文，整体把握通读全文，检验是否每条论据都合情合理，都能强有力地支撑论点.step V 应用体验-(2012江苏高考)The concept of solitude (独处) in the digital world is almost nonexistent. In the world of digital technology, email, social networking and online video games, information is meant to be _36_.Solitude can be hard to discover _37_ it has been given up. In this respect, new technologies have _38_ our culture.The desire to be connected has brought solitude to a(n) _39_ as weve known it. People have become so _40_ in the world of networks and connections that one can often be contacted _41_ theyd rather not be. Today we can talk, text, email, chat and blog (写博客), not only from our _42_， but from our mobile phones as well.Most developed nations have become _43_ on digital technology simply because theyve grown accustomed to it, and at this point not _44_ it would make them an outsider._45_， many jobs and careers require people to be _46_.From this point of view, technology has changed the culture of work. Being reachable might feel like a _47_ to those who may not want to be able to be contacted at all times.I suppose the positive side is that solitude is still possible for anyone who _48_ wants it. Computers can be shut _49_ and mobile phones can be turned off. The ability to be “connected” and“ on” has many _50_， as well as disadvantages. Travelers have ended up _51_ on mountains, and mobile phones have saved countless lives. They can also make people feel _52_ and forced to answer unwanted calls or _53_ to unwanted texts.Attitudes towards our connectedness as a society _54_ across generations. Some find todays technology a gift. Others consider it a curse. Regardless of anyones view on the subject, its hard to imagine what life would be like _55_ daily advancements in technology.36.A.updatedB.receivedC.sharedD.collected37.A.thoughB.untilC.onceD.before38.A.respectedB.shapedC.ignoredD.preserved39.A.edgeB.stageC.endD.balance40.A.sensitiveB.intelligentC.considerateD.reachable41.A.evenifB.onlyifC.asifD.ifonly42.A.mediaB.computesC.databasesD.monitors43.A.bentB.hardC.keenD.dependent44.A.findingB.usingC.protectingD.changing45. A. Also B. Instead C. Otherwise D. Somehow 46. A. connected B. trained C. recommended D. interested 47. A. pleasure B. benefit C. burden D. disappointment 48. A. slightly B. hardly C. merely D. really 49. A. out B. down C. up D. in 50. A. aspects B. weaknesses C. advantages D. exceptions 51. A. hidden B. lost C. relaxed D. deserted 52. A. trapped B. excitcd C. confused D. amused 53. A. turn B. submit C. object D. reply 54. A. vary B. arise C. spread D. exist 55. A. beyond B. within C. despite D. without提示：读懂文章是关键1文章大意：由于数码技术的发展，独处的概念几乎不复存在。2文章脉络：第一段提出论点；第二段讲“独处”时代的终结；第三段以发达国家为例分别论述了新科技的影响；第四段论述了be “connected” and “on”的优缺点；最后一段得出结论。step V 随堂即时训练 All of us go through some difficult times as we approach teenage years. Its the age when we have to deal with the most _1_ in our life. This transition (过渡) from childhood to adulthood is _2_ for some, but rough for others. The most important thing about being a teenager is _3_. When we are teenagers, we would get blamed or even punished for anything wrong we do.Its all not so _4_ about being a teenager though. We dont have to have our _5_ take us to somewhere we want to go or we couldnt go before. We can have _6_ with friends or even alone, which we couldnt have because we were too _7_ to know