短文改错练习及其答案.doc

短文改错练习及其答案 (04-15)Directions：This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a word, add a word or delete a word. Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided. If you change a word, cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put an insertion mark () in the right place and write the missing word in the blank. If you delete a word, cross it out and put a slash (/) in the blank.Example:Television is rapidly becoming the literature of our periods.1. time/times/periodMany of the arguments having used for the study of literature2. /as a school subject are valid forstudy of television. 3. theWhen we speak of a human need, we mean somethingwhich is unnecessary to life, something we can live with. 1. food is a human need. We will starve to death if there 2. were no food on earth; but even if we have plenty of food,but of the wrong kind, our bodies will have problem fromlack of the right food. This is known for malnutrition(营 3. 养不良）。In countries where are not developed, mans food 4. needs are the same like in the most advanced societies. We5. all need food and could live a good life on very few types offood. People in very developed countries eat only the kinds6. of food which can be grown near their homes, whereas people in developed countries eat foods which are often grown many thousands of miles away form their homes.People in undeveloped countries are happy with lessdifferent kinds of foods than people in very developed onesare, so we can say that despite the needs of the two kinds7. of people are the same, their wants are different. People invery developed countries eat many different types of meat-they could live by only one, but they would be very 8. unhappy because every time what they ate was the same.Even such special food as chicken would be less fun to 9. eat if you had them every day. But we cant just live on meat-we need other kinds of food like bread, rice, and vegetables which are no more necessary to our bodies.10. 答案：1unnecessary -necessary 2will-would3for-as 4where-which/that5like-as 6developed -undeveloped7despite-although/though8by-on 9/10more-less英语考试改错公式-常见七大错： 动词 连词 平行结构 代词 语义矛盾 词性 固定搭配 以下列出常见错误公式，请细心体味： 动词： 谓语动词：时态，语态，主谓一致 时态： do-did did-do 语态： 被动语态：be + v-ed + by(of/with.) eg.the countries which threatened by.(05年) 主谓一致：n. + (prep. + n.) + v 非谓语动词： doing-done 连词： 三大从句： 定语从句：.,that + 从句-which/who .prep + that/who + 从句-which/whom 名词性从句：that - what 状语从句：S + even/just + S 平行结构： do, do, and doing prep + do and doing N, like N-s, N-s. 代词： it-they/them its-their 语义矛盾： acceptance-rejection 词性：adj-adv，adv-adj 综合改错题一(1)一、题型特征 作为CET传统题型之一，综合改错题仍然是与完型填空一起作为二选一出现，文章长度大约在200-250词之间，共包含10处错误。每行不超过一处错误，而且不包括标点符号错误和纯粹的单词拼写错误。综合改错题难度较大，它主要测试考生的英语综合理解与表达能力。它不但要求考生有扎实的语言基础知识（如词汇语法），而且要求考生有较强语篇理解能力与表达能力，以及利用上下文进行逻辑推理的能力。二、考查方式1.改正（correction） （/）2.删除（delete） （/） 3.增添（add）（）三、错误类型逻辑表达错误、介词使用错误、代词使用错误、非谓语动词使用错误、主谓语前后不一致错误、名词的错误、代词使用错误、冠词的错误、句子结构的错误、时态语态和语气的使用错误及易混淆词的使用错误。四、解题步骤1、一般来说，做题时千万不要拿起来就改，先花1-2分钟从头到尾通读全文，对文章大致内容有所了解，做到心中有数。2、然后把重点放在有错误项的标有题号行，寻找较容易辨认的语法错误，如主谓不一致、时态、语态使用错误、非谓语动词错误等。3、如果错行中不存在上述明显错误，则应查看是否有词语搭配错误、易混词错误、词性错误等等细节错误。4、如果错行中急不存在语法错误，也不存在词汇错误，则从整体上查看上下文意思是否连贯，连接词是否使用正确，是否有逻辑混乱的现象，如否定句误用成肯定句造成句意不通等。5、找到错误项后，按要求形式进行改正、删除或增添，并设法找到一个正确项使句子在语法语义逻辑上都成立。错练习题目：The National Endowment for the Arts recently released thethe results of its “Reading at Risk” survey, which describedmovement of the American public away from books andliterature and toward television and electronic media.According to the survey. “reading is on the decline on every62._region, within every ethnic group, and at every educational level.“The day the NEA report released, the U.S. House, in a tie 63._vote, upheld the governments right to obtain bookstore andlibrary records under a provision of the USA Patriot Act. TheHouse proposal would have barred the federal government from demand library records, reading lists, book customer 64._lists and other material in terrorism and intelligence investigations.These two events are completely unrelated to, yet they 65._echo each other in the message they send about the place ofbooks and reading in American culture. At the heartof the NEA survey is the belief in our democratic66._system depends on leaders who can think critically, analyzetexts and writing clearly. All of these are skills promoted by 67._reading and discussing books and literature. At the same time,through a provision of the Patriot Act, the leaders of ourcountry are unconsciously sending the message that readingmay be connected to desirable activities that might68._undermine our system of government rather than helpingdemocracy flourish.Our cultures decline in reading begin well before the 69._existence of the Patriot Act. During the 1980s culture wars,school systems across the country pulled some books fromlibrary shelves because its content was deemed by parents 70._and teachers to be inappropriate. Now what started in schoolsacross the country is playing itself out on a nation stage and 71._is possibly having an impact on the reading habits of theAmerican public.本期答案及解析： 62.on-in.本行中 According to the survey在语义和结构上都没有错；on the decline为固定搭配，意为“呈下降趋势”，符合文意，也正确；故将错误锁定为介词on.on意为“在之上”，而此处表示“在任何地区/区域”，故将on改为in（在；在之内）。63.reportreleased-was.分析句子结构，the U.S.House（美国众议院）为句子主句，upheld（支持，赞成）为谓语，The day the NEA report released是一个时间状语从句，此处关系代词when被省略；report应该是被发表的，所以应在report和released之间插入 was，released对此也有很好的提示作用。注意此处应该使用系动词的过去时态。in a tie vote为习惯用法，意为“以微弱优势胜出”。64.demand-demanding. “barfrom doing sth.”为固定用法，意为“阻止/禁止做某事”。65.删除to. “unrelated to”为固定搭配，意为“与无关”，其后须接名词；如果保留介词to,根据语义此处需添加名词性词组each other，这与命题规律不符，故将to去掉。unrelated意为“无关的，不相关的”。66.in-that.分析句子结构，本句为介词短语提前引起的倒装句，句子的谓语is被提到主语the belief之前。本句中同时出现两个动词，系动词is在主句中作谓语，因此depends应该是从句中的谓语。本句中，our democratic system depends on leadersclearly是the belief的同位语从句；同位语从句中，先行词为物时，一般由关系代词that来引导，且that不能省略，故将in改为that.belief in为习惯用法，意为“相信，对有信心”，但介词in不能引导从句。67.writing-wrtie.writing与think和analyze是由and连接的三个并列的动词，且三个动词都位于情态动词can之后，应使用动词原形，故将writing改为write.68.desirable-undesirable.be connected to为固定用法，意为“与有关”，其后一般接名词。此处的定语从句that might undermine our system of government rather than helping democracy flourish修饰名词activities，根据从句中的undermine（损坏，破坏）及rather than helping（而不是帮助）可知，这些活动（activities）应该是消极的，desirable（可取的，有利的）与语义不符，故将 desirable改为undesirable.69.begin-began. “decline in”为习惯用法，意为“在某方面有所下降”；well可以表示程度，意为“相当的；充分的”，well before表示“早在之前就已经”。before表示动作已经发生，因此本句中的动词应使用过去时态，故将begin改为began. 70.its-their.because在本句中引导原因状语从句，从句中的主语content（内容）为不可数名词，且本句描述的是过去发生的事，故从句中的was为单复数形式和时态都正确。此处的its对应的是主句中的some books,二者在语意上矛盾，故将its改为their .71.nation-national.本句的主语为由what引导的从句，故谓语为is，主谓一致正确。play out为固定搭配，意为“发出；展示”；此处表示“在全国范围这个舞台上展示”，nation意为“国家，民族”，强调国家主权和民族特征，常含政治意味；national意为“国家级的；全国范围内的”，表示一种更高级别或更大的范围，故将nation改为national.综合改错题二错误类型 1.逻辑表达错误 2.介词使用错误 3.代词使用错误 4.非谓语动词使用错误 5.主谓语前后不一致错误 6.名词的错误 7.代词使用错误 8.冠词的错误 9.句子结构的错误 10.时态语态和语气的使用错误 11.易混淆词的使用错误。一、逻辑表达的错误逻辑表达错误是由于某个词语使用不当而造成文章在语义上前后不一致或者矛盾的错误类型，具有难度大、不易发现的特点。这类错误往往需要在考生充分理解全文并具有较强的语言综合应用能力的基础上方可解答。一般来说，逻辑表达错误包括两种类型。第一种是反义词的使用错误，常见的这类错误有：派生反义词，如：encourage-discourage，load-unload，satisfy-dissatisfy等；互补性反义词，如：dead-alive，boy-girl，man-woman，male-female，brother-sister，married-single等；换位性反义词，如：buy-sell，give-receive，lend-borrow，husband-wife，parent-child，left-right等；相对性反义词，如：easy-hard，big-small，cold-hot，old-young，wide-narrow，love-hate等；按上下文语义，行中多用了not或no，或必须添上not或no.第二种是连接词的使用错误，包括：并列连词，如：and，but，for，or等；主从连词，这类词较多，如：because，（al）though，if，unless，before，after，until，as，while，whereas等；连接性副词，如：however，moreover，besides，nevertheless，then，thus等；连接性介词，如：because of，despite，besides，instead of等。例题的讲解：例1Recently more and more attention has been focusedon the problem of preserving the environment.The fact that a Government Ministry called theDepartment of the Environment has been createdshows how unimportant the issue is considered to be. 1._Many other countries have established similar organizations.这段文章，所要表达的意思是：人们对环境问题的重视，并成立了环境部，从而意在说明环境这个问题是多么的重要。显而易见，该处的unimportant应该改为具有肯定意义的important.此处错误属于第一种，即反义词的使用错误。例2In our society all kinds of work are equally important.For example, the work of a completely uneducatedfarmer is in some sense more important than that of a professor: we can live without education, so we die if we 1. _have no food. This is a simple truth that everybodybelieves. Although no one cleaned our streets and took the 2. _rubbish away from our house, we would get terriblediseases in our towns.在这段文章，第一处要表达的意思是：农民的工作在某种程度上甚至比教授还重要，这是因为不受教育我们照样能活下去，但是没有食物我们却无法存活。因此应该将so改为but，这样才符合文章的逻辑。第二处错误，咋看似乎是一个让步从句，然而后文却毫无转折之意，其实它是一个条件式虚拟语句，应该将although改为if.这两处错误均属于逻辑表达错误中的第二种，即连接词使用错误。这类错误比较第一种错误来说，重在考查考生对英语语言的应用方面。通过例题以及解答不难看出，逻辑错误主要是考查学生对整篇文章的理解，一般不容易第一眼便发现，只有我们读完全文或者上下文之后才可以把握。练习题1 There are many arguments for and against television.The poor quality of its program is often criticized and TVcommercials are also boring. So television is undoubtedly 1._a great comfort to many lonely and elderly people.2 The manager of a large office building had receivedmany complains about elevator service in the building,but he engaged a group of engineers to study the situation 2._and make recommendation for improvement.3 We asked a lady, who replied that she thoughtyou could tell a well-mannered person by the waythey occupied the space around themfor example,when such a person walks down a street he or she isconstantly unaware of others. Such people never 3._bump into other people.4 Until the very latest moment of his existence,man has been bound the planet on which heoriginated and developed. Now he has the capabilityto leave that planet and move out into the universe tothose worlds which he has known previously only directly. 4._5 One major decision which faces the American students ready to begin higher education is thechoice of attending a large university or a smallcollege. The large university provides a wide range ofspecialized departments as well as numerous courseswithin such departments. The small college, therefore, 5._generally provides a limited number of coursesand specializations but offers a better student-facultyratio, thus permitting individualized attention to students.6 Music the Johnny has learned to appreciate asunpleasant is just dull noise to Jimmyand quite 6._possible, vice versa.7 We are learning, finally, that silence is a naturalresource and must be protected by law. It appearsthat we all find company in sound, if we all 7._demand a little quiet from time to time.8 The farmer aroused at down or before it andhad much work to do, with his own muscles as hischief source of power. He used axes, spades and 8._other complicated tools.9 Whether women who have started a careerwill attain pay equality with men rests on at leasttwo factors. First, will most of them continuepart-time at their jobs after they have children? A 9._break in their employment, or a decision to workpart-time, will slow their raises and promotions asit would for men.10 Whether true or not, the story illustrates theproblem with idioms. They are almost possible to 10._understand from the meanings of the individualwords. And with English idioms, even the samewords may have different meanings.答案解析： 1.将so改为转折性连词but.虽然前句说电视节目质量遭到批评，并且还有令人讨厌的广告，但是接下来是说对孤寡老人的益处，因此此处表达转折的意思。2.将but 改为so.文章并没有表达转折的意思，因为经理收到了许多关于电梯服务的投诉，所以他才做出后面的措施，因此此处应该是因果关系。3.将unaware改为aware.根据后文说这样的人从来不会撞到别人便可看出，他们时刻在注意着别人。4.将directly改为indirectly.根据前文所说，人类先前并没有进入这些宇宙空间而是现在才具有了这种能力，因此不可能是直接而只可能是间接的了解。5.将therefore改为however.根据上文可以看出，此处学院是和大学在做对比，因此是一种转折关系。6.将unpleasant改为pleasant.此句意思是说对于Johnny来说pleasant的音乐对Jimmy却完全是噪音，从而显示出两人的不同，从后文vice verse也可看出原句是将两人在进行对比。7.将if改为although，though，but或者yet.仔细分析此句会发现，原文其实在表达一种让步或转折关系而非条件关系。该句意思是：尽管我们时常要求一点宁静，却似乎我们都离不开声音。8.将and改为or.此处是表示选择，即农民既可以使用斧子，也可以使用铁锹或者其他类似的工具。9.将part-time改为full-time.根据后文可知，妇女选择兼职将会减缓她们工资增长以及提升，因此要想获得和男性同样的薪水，将决定于她们应该是否会继续从事全职。10.将possible改为impossible.根据后文可知，即使同样的词语意思也是不一样，因此这个问题应该是从单个词语意思来理解习语是个可能的事情。综合改错题三常见的错误类型： 1.逻辑表达错误 2.介词使用错误 3.代词使用错误 4.非谓语动词使用错误 5.主谓语前后不一致错误 6.名词的错误 7.代词使用错误 8.冠词的错误 9.句子结构的错误 10.时态语态和语气的使用错误 11.易混淆词的使用错误。二、介词的使用错误介词使用错误是改错题常见的错误类型之一。介词的用法是英语学习中的的一大难点，英语中有相当数量的动词短语、介词短语和固定短语都含有介词。尽管介词本身数量并不多，但是其搭配方式之丰富多变往往使英语考生为之色变。能否准确地运用介词可直接反映出考生的英语基础是否扎实，因此一般考试都会包括这种类型的错误。介词主要涉及用法与搭配，是短文改错中出现频率最高，也是我们最易失分的一类题型，要在这类题型的辨错及改错上有所突破，我们必须注意平时介词用法知识的积累。为获得高分，在改错练习中，务必注意从以下几个方面辨认：介词与动词的搭配，如： accuse sb. of ， charge sb. from ， prohibit sb. from ， differ from ， contribute to 等； 介词与名词的搭配，如： count on ， influence on/upon ， improve on ， belief/believe in ， confidence in ， advantage on ， preference over ， attitude to/toward ， solution to 等； 介词与形容词的搭配，如： different from ， indifferent to/toward ， dependent on/upon ， independent of ， on good/bad terms with ， on the contrary ， by chance ， by turns 等。例 1The first necessity of child upbringing is asecure emotional background with parents whoare united in their attitude with children. 1._“ attitude toward ” 是表示 “ 对 的态度 ” ，为固定用法，而没有 “ attitude with ” 的用法，因此应该将 with 改为 toward.例 2Unfortunately we have not found completesolutions with the various problems of our 1._society, such like poverty, homelessness or 2._the growth of crime.“ solution to problem ” 表示 “ 问题的解决办法 ” ，为固定搭配用法，因此应该将 with 改为介词 to ， “ such as ” 表示 “ 例如、诸如 ” 的意思，为固定搭配，因此应该将 like 改为 as .例 3More and more people live in towns and cities instead on farms and in villages. 1._Instead 本身为副词，其后不可以直接接宾语，而应该在后面加上介词 of .“ instead of ”表示“代替，不是”的意思。例 4His Arab host, who had been watching, saidof nothing, but immediately copied the action of 1._his guest.动词 say 本身即为及物动词，后面可以直接接上宾语，因此不需要在后面加上介词 of .这属于介词滥用情形，应该将 nothing 之前的 of 删去。通过上述几个例子可以看出，介词的用法灵活多变，且许多为固定的用法或者搭配形式。要想真正克服这个拦路虎，我们需要在平时的学习过程中加以记忆和理解，逐步积累，才可以更好的掌握其用法。练习题1 People realize that, although animals may not havethe same intelligence like human being, they are smart 1._enough to learn certain things.2 Marconi, the Italian inventor who gave us radio,probably didnt realize what effect his great inventionwould have for the world in the yours to come. 2._3 Before you make travel in another country, findout much as possible about its manners and customs. 3._You will probably be surprised how different theycan be with your own. 4._4 We are told that the worlds population is increasingwith such a speed that the need for fresh water will be 5._doubled by the end of the century.5 Immediately before him was a very flat pieceof bread that looked to him, very much as napkin. 6._6 It is encouraging to note that in recent years,cigarette smokers have been in the decline, especially 7._among the older people.7 In 1980 black students comprised of about 10 8._percent of all college enrollments, up from 5 percentin 1965.8 The law I am referring requires that everyone who 9._own a car have accident insurance.9 But perhaps we should look at both sides of thecoin before arriving hasty conclusions. 10 _10 Big cities of the world are well-known by their 11._noises.答案解析： 1.将like改为as.2.将for改为on或者upon.和前面的名词effect搭配的介词为on或者upon，意为“对的影响，对的作用”。类似的词组还有impact on/upon（对的影响或冲击），influence on/upon（对有影响）等。3.在much之前加上介词as.4.将with改为from.5.将with改为at.当表示速度的时候应该使用“at the speed of”或者“atspeed”，“withspeed”没有这个用法。6.将as改为like.此处的“to him”仅为一个插入语，原句的顺序可以理解为“that looked very much like a napkin to him”。7.将in改为on.“on the decline”表示“下降，减少”的意思，为固定搭配用法。8.删去of.此处comprise虽然与consist，compose意义相同，但是使用方法却不一样。Comprise为及物动词，后面不需要接介词，consist后面要加介词of，而compose一般使用be composed of的形式。9.在referring后面加上介词to.10.在arriving后面加上at.11.将by改为for.“be known for”表示“因为而出名，以闻名”之意。而“be known by”是指“被知道”的意思。综合改错题四错误类型 1.逻辑表达错误 2.介词使用错误 3.代词使用错误 4.非谓语动词使用错误 5.主谓语前后不一致错误 6.名词的错误 7.代词使用错误 8.冠词的错误 9.句子结构的错误 10.时态语态和语气的使用错误 11.易混淆词的使用错误。三、代词使用错误代词的主要功能是指代已出现的名词、词组或一个意群，因此代词的出现必有所指，而且形、数等必须与前面所代的部分相符，这是代词的改错的核心。代词错误是短文改错中出现频率较高的几类错误之一，几乎每套试题都有，主要涉及如下几种情况：1 . 指代错误。主要是第三人称代词指代的误用；不定代词 one 和 those 与人称代词 you 和 them 的混用及人于指物的误用等。2. 关系代词的误用。主要为 that 与 which ， who 与 which ， as 与 which 的误用； what 与 that 的混用。 3. 形式代词 it 与 this ， that 的误用。如： find this important to preview the lesson （这里的 this 应改为形式宾语