企业集团财务风险管理与控制研究(英).doc

Business enterprise group financial risk management and control research企业集团财务风险管理与控制研究一、The content of business enterprise group financial risk management一、企业集团财务风险管理的内涵The business enterprise group is to take a business enterprise with strong real strenght as corpus, with produce power coupling for the main Niu take and assist it with the product, technique, economy, contract etc. various Nius to take, combine several business enterprises, unit together, form of the economic consociation body of multilayers and many legal persons.For promise the business enterprise group healthily has preface ground to develop and strengthen management and control of business enterprise group financial risk is particularly necessity.企业集团是以一个实力雄厚的企业为主体，以产权联结为主要纽带，辅之以产品、技术、经济、契约等多种纽带，把多个企业、单位联结在一起，形成的多层次和多法人的经济联合体。为保证企业集团健康有序地发展，加强企业集团财务风险的管理与控制尤为必要。The financial risk is finance achievement and the risk of financial standing.The financial risk separates the narrow sense and the broad sense.The narrow sense financial risk is fallen into debt the causable by the business enterprise, concretely say to mean business enterprise because of lend funds but increment of lose the possibility of the ability of repaying debt and the variability of the business enterprise profits(shareholder income);The broad sense financial risk means the finance system of business enterprise in objective existence of because of various factor function that is hard or can not anticipate and control, make business enterprise realization of financial income and expectation financial income occurrence deviate from, as a result suffer a losing opportunity or possibility.财务风险是财务成果和财务状况的风险。财务风险有狭义和广义之分。狭义财务风险是由企业负债引起的，具体的说是指企业因为借入资金而增加的丧失偿债能力的可能和企业利润（股东收益）的可变性；广义财务风险是指企业的财务系统中客观存在的由于各种难以或无法预料和控制的因素作用，使企业实现的财务收益和预期财务收益发生背离，因而蒙受损失的机会或可能。Risk management means that the economic unit passes to really recognize and evaluate to the risk, economy and technique means of adoption reasonable control the risk, with minimum of the cost acquire a kind of management activity of the biggest safe guarantee.The risk management learns to come from insurance to learn, the risk management passes a control counterplan processing loss risk, if lose to still keep probably taking place after carrying out control counterplan, then can make use of a finance counterplan.The finance counterplan is to transfer the loss to the others, or leaves the loss to organization or family inner part.But the capital finance that conduct independently in the finance ages, the risk management should become the basic working talent of finance management.风险管理是指经济单位通过对风险的确认和评估，采用合理的经济和技术手段对风险加以控制，以最小的成本获得最大的安全保障的一种管理活动。风险管理学源于保险学，风险管理通过控制对策处理损失风险，如果在实施控制对策后损失仍然可能发生，则可运用财务对策。财务对策是将损失转移给他人，或将损失留给组织或家庭内部。但在财务独立经营的资本财务时代，风险管理应当成为财务管理的基本职能。The financial risk manages to pay attention to business enterprise value loss, it passes management value risk to manage material main factor.Financial risk management and control are business enterprise groups inner part control system of important constitute part, COSO report regardless influence in the world, is still the related norm system of each nation and region establishment, all emphasized the importance to carry on the control to risk.In the reality, the our country business enterprise group for identifying risk, management, regardless in subjective consciousness, still just risk management mechanism construction aspect, all seem to be far far not enough.Therefore, have to pay attention to the construction of the business enterprise group risk control system. 财务风险管理关注企业价值损失，它通过管理价值风险来管理物质要素。财务风险管理与控制是企业集团内部控制体系的重要构成部分，无论是影响全球的COSO报告，还是各个国家和地区制定的相关规范制度，都强调了对风险进行控制的重要性。现实中，我国企业集团对风险的识别、管理，无论是在主观意识方面，还是在风险管理机制建设方面，都显得远远不够。因此，必须注重企业集团风险控制体系的建设。二、Business enterprise group financial risk management and the principle of control 二、企业集团财务风险管理与控制的原则1、Income moderate breezes insurance balanced principle。The risk balanced principle requests group not ability pursue income, but take no account of to take place losing of possibility, the group carries on of each concrete finance activity, overall analyze its income and safety, according to the risk and the income appropriately balanced request to decide to take what action a project, tend benefit to avoid to harm, fight for acquiring more income. 1.收益、风险均衡原则。风险均衡原则要求集团不能只追求收益，而不考虑发生损失的可能，集团进行的每一项具体的财务活动，要全面分析其收益性和安全性，按照风险和收益适当均衡的要求来决定采取何种行动方案，趋利避害，争取获得较多的收益。2、The principle that risk moderation and limit undertake。The existence of the financial risk is an universal fact, but has to be correct to identify risk in time, control risk, and the definitely biggest risk limit, promise a business enterprise of normal safety luck camp.2.风险适度、限度承担的原则。财务风险的存在是一个普遍的事实，但必须正确及时的识别风险，控制风险，并明确最大的风险限度，保证企业的正常安全运营。3、Run before an early warning and effectively evade of principle。The emergence of the risk has to indicate sex, the business enterprise group has to build up the management system that the sound risk identifies system, early-warning system and financial risk and thus and effectively evade risk.3.超前预警，有效规避的原则。风险的出现具有预示性，企业集团必须建立健全风险识别系统、预警系统和财务风险的管理系统，从而有效规避风险。4、The ratings cent right management of principle。Want in the group and unify the premise of the leadership to management and control of financial risk under, practice ratings the management way of right is for cent.With group existing management system, according to the female subsidiary ratings management and control of group.4.分级分权管理的原则。对财务风险的管理与控制要在集团统一领导的前提下，实行分级分权的管理办法。以集团现有的管理体制，按照集团的母子公司分级管理和控制。 三、Guard against and dissolve the counterplan and measure of business enterprise group financial risk 三、防范和化解企业集团财务风险的对策与措施（一）Build up sound business enterprise group financial risk to identify with early-warning system （一）建立健全企业集团财务风险识别与预警系统Pass to build up early-warning system, in order to judge the size of financial risk existence, to the influence degree of the group, whether exist harm risk, set up the decision system of financial risk management.通过建立预警系统，用以判断财务风险存在的大小，对集团的影响程度，是否存在危害性风险，构建财务风险管理的决策系统。1、The financial risk identifies。1.财务风险的识别。The financial risk identifies is manage to the financial risk contents before the disadvantageous risk just appeared or appeared, identify, with accurate held various financial risk of signal and it creation reason.The main method that the group financial risk identifies includes:Observe method and financial report method on the scene.The spot observes a method namely pass the various production management and concrete business activity of direct observation group, concrete understand and control various financial risk that the group faces.Financial report method, then pass accountancys data of analyzing the balance sheet, income statement and cash discharge form etc. statement, make sure group is what circumstance of latent lose and reason, carry on to actual value and standard value of main index sign contrast analysis with make sure the existence moderate breezes of risk insurance degree.财务风险识别是对财务风险管理内容在不利风险刚出现或出现之前，就予以识别，以准确把握各种财务风险信号及其产生原因。集团财务风险识别的主要方法有：现场观察法和财务报表法。现场观察法即通过直接观察集团的各种生产经营和具体业务活动，具体了解和掌握集团面临的各种财务风险。财务报表法，即通过分析资产负债表、损益表和现金流量表等报表的会计资料，确定集团在何种情况的潜在损失和原因，对主要指标的实际值和标准值进行对比分析，以确定风险的存在和风险程度。2、Financial risk early warning2.财务风险预警。The financial risk early warning wants before the financial risk physically takes place and catches and keeps watch on various small evidence to change, with benefit prevention and for adopt an appropriate counterplan to fight for time.The group wants to build up a perfect information management system, once discovering financial risk signal, the ability Be accurate to spread into a main personnel in time, in order to prevent circumstances of gradually extension.财务风险预警是要在财务风险实际发生之前，捕捉和监视各种细微的迹象变动，以利预防和为采取适当对策争取时间。集团要建立完善的信息管理系统，一旦发现财务风险信号，就能准确及时传至主要人员，以防事态的逐步扩大。（二）Build up a sound effective finance control mechanism （二）建立健全有效的财务控制机制 The business enterprise group finance management style of choice reasonable, handles good group and of subsidiary of centralization and cent right relation.On the foundation of appropriate centralization, the business enterprise group should build up the mechanism that the power benefit combines together.Set out from the group overall situation, aim at a different working talent section to stipulate a different economic responsibility, divide the line the economic working talent of dissimilarity.The group finance section strengthens to make policy to the investment, the research of cost control etc. problem, turn construction through a multiform and internal market, and the construction of the internal balance of accounts center come excellent turn a finance management of behavior.Organize structure for the orientation flat even turn of development trend, the group finance management should extensively apply a modern network, information technique and speed the integration of information to turn speed.Carry out the business enterprise resources programming system to pass to orchestrate a business enterprise process reengineering and supply chain management to bring into business enterprise finance a resources in the business enterprise programming system, make the limited resources of business enterprise get full exertion, raise the economic efficiency of business enterprise.This is the important measure that guards against and dissolves financial risk, and is ensure business enterprise property safety and finance activity efficiency effective means.选择合理的企业集团财务管理模式，处理好集团和子公司之间的集权与分权关系。在适度集权的基础上，企业集团应建立权责利相结合的机制。从集团全局出发，针对不同的职能部门规定不同的经济责任，划分不同的经济职能。集团财务部门加强对投资决策、成本控制等方面问题的研究，通过各种形式的内部市场化建设，以及内部结算中心的建设来优化财务管理行为。为适应组织结构扁平化的发展趋势，集团财务管理应广泛应用现代化的网络、信息技术，加快信息的集成化速度。在企业中实施企业资源规划系统通过将企业流程再造及供应链统筹管理纳入企业财务资源规划系统，使企业有限的资源得到充分的发挥，提高企业的经济效益。这既是防范与化解财务风险的重要措施，也是确保企业财产安全和财务活动效益性的有效手段。（三）Strengthen the finance budget of business enterprise group management （三）加强企业集团的财务预算管理 The finance budget manages from the group company organization implementation and the management and carries out the whole property that the object includes the group this, group subordinate business enterprise, and group subordinate business enterprise and controls a subsidiary.In the finance foundation of budget is predicting and decision, around business enterprise strategic target, to obtaining of business enterprise funds inside the certain period and throw in, business enterprise management achievement and it funds operations like allotment,etc, make of concrete arrangement. 财务预算管理由集团公司组织实施和管理，实施对象包括集团本部、集团下属企业、以及集团下属企业的全资及控股子公司。财务预算是在预测和决策的基础上，围绕企业战略目标，对一定时期内企业资金的取得和投放、企业经营成果及其分配等资金运作，所作的具体安排。 1、Build up the organization organization of finance budget management 1.建立财务预算管理的组织机构。Then the Legal Representatives management to the group finance budget work of group company is negative total responsibility, establish from relevant the working talent section constitute of finance budget management committee, mainly draw up the target, policy of finance budget, draw up the concrete measure and way of finance budget management, review, equilibrium finance budget project, the organization bottom reaches finance budget and moderates to solve finance budget to draw up with the problem in the performance, performance circumstance organize audit and investigate finance budget, speed up business enterprise completion finance budget target. 即集团公司的法定代表人对集团财务预算的管理工作负总责，成立由有关职能部门组成的财务预算管理委员会，主要拟订财务预算的目标、政策，制定财务预算管理的具体措施和办法，审议、平衡财务预算方案，组织下达财务预算，协调解决财务预算编制和执行中的问题，组织审计、考核财务预算的执行情况，督促企业完成财务预算目标。 2、The norm finance budget draws up procedure and method 2.规范财务预算的编制程序和方法。According to the whole development strategy of the group company, according to the procedure of up and down combine, the ratings draw up, pursue the class gather, at decision of foundation up, put forward the business enterprise group finance budget target.Each budget carries out the finance budget that the section reaches under the budget committee according to the business enterprise finance target and policy and combines oneself characteristics and the performance condition of estimate and puts forward detailed this section finance budget project, the finance budget committee should carry on full moderate, put forward the opinion of first step adjustment to the problem of detection, and the feedback give to carry out a section to give correction concerning the budget, again from finance budget committee pursue class the bottom reach each budget performance section performance. 据集团公司的整体发展战略，按照“上下结合、分级编制、逐级汇总”的程序，在决策的基础上，提出企业集团财务预算目标。各预算执行部门按照企业财务预算委员会下达的财务预算目标和政策，结合自身特点以及预测的执行条件，提出详细的本部门财务预算方案，财务预算委员会应当进行充分协调，对发现的问题提出初步调整的意见，并反馈给有关预算执行部门予以修正，再由财务预算委员会逐级下达各预算执行部门执行。3、Work well to control to control with after the event in the budgetary before the event control, matter3.做好预算的事前控制、事中控制和事后控制。 Each budget carries out a section to periodically report the performance circumstance of finance budget, to new circumstance, new problem and appear deviation bigger and important item, specially pay attention to check to seek reason to put forward the measure suggestion of improvement management management.各预算执行部门定期报告财务预算的执行情况，对新情况、新问题及出现偏差较大的重大项目，要特别注重查找原因，以提出改进经营管理的措施建议。（四）Well make use of solid the information system carry on finance supervision（四）充分利用实时信息系统进行财务监控The establishment, sound and internal finance supervises and controls a mechanism, is the effective measure that guards agains