浙江主要景点英文介绍.doc

四大佛教名山之普陀山普陀山位于浙江省杭州湾以东约100海里，是舟山群岛中的一个小岛，面积12.5平方公里，呈狭长形，南北长8.6公里，东西宽3.5公里，最高处佛顶山海拔300米。 普陀山集寺庙、海、沙、石于一体，奇花异木遍布，古树参天，森林面积大约75%。山形如蟠龙戏珠，升腾在浩浩东海之中；岛外，海浪滔滔，白帆点点，这里相传是观音菩萨传经说法，普度众生的道场，被誉为“南海圣境”，在国内外，尤其是在东南亚各国享誉非凡。 普陀山观音道场始建于公元863年，日本僧人慧锷在五台山请得一尊观音像，从宁波下海回国，舟至普陀山莲花洋时，遇上风涛，无法东渡，便认为菩萨不愿离去，于是留像于普陀山岛潮音洞侧，岛民张氏请像供奉于家宅，称不肯去观音院，这是普陀山最早的寺院。普济寺、法雨寺、慧济寺为普陀山名扬海内外的三大寺，也是现今保存的二十多所寺庵中最大的三座。普济禅寺始建于宋，为山中供奉观音的主刹，建筑总面积约11000多平方米。法雨禅寺始建于明，依山凭险，层层叠建，周围古木参天，极为幽静。慧济禅寺建于佛顶山上，又名佛顶山寺。 普陀山还有很多奇岩怪石。著名的有盘陀石、二龟听法石、海天佛国石等二十余处。山海相接之处有许多石洞胜景，最著名的是潮音Putuo Mountain Putuo Mountain, on one of the Zhoushan Islands about 100 sea miles off the eastern coast of Hangzhou Bay in Zhejiang Province, is one of the four Buddhist shrines in the country, covering an area of 12.5 square kilometers. Its main peak, the Peak of Buddhist Top, is 300 meters above sea level. Putuo Mountain is noted for its rough terrain and exquisite landscape. The clouds like sails, scattered about, and the sea and the sky bore a same blurred color. The mountain rises alone over the East China Sea. Sailing near, one can see verdant trees, strange rocks, mysterious temples, and huge inscriptions carved on stones. The mountain also has a stretching beach and a lot of caves, surrounded by floating clouds.Putuo Mountain is famous both at home and abroad, especially among Southeast Asian countries. Its first temple is called Guanyin Temple, built in 863 AD. The island cape is encircled by numerous protruding reps and deep hidden grottoes. Putuo Mountain is not only a sacred place of Buddhism - Buddhist Land of South Sea, but also an ideal summer resort. It has a mild climate, intriguing surroundings and unique scenery. The three famous temples are Puji Temple, Fayu Temple and Huiji Temple, which are the three largest ones among the 20-odd existing well-preserved temples nationwide. Cultural Heritage1. TemplesThe principal temple - Puji Temple - with more than 200 halls built in the Song Dynasty (960-1279), is the chief temple where Guanyin (a Bodhisattva) is enshrined, with an area of 11,000 square meters. The Fayu Temple, consisting of halls in six layers, is the second largest temple on the mountain and was constructed in the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644).The Huiji Temple, built in the Ming Dynasty, is located on the top of Putuo Mountain. In front of the temple are some 1,000 stone steps. The temple, the third largest on the mountain, has four halls, seven palaces and six attics.2. Caves and StonesPutuo Mountain is also the site of some famed stone caves, such as the Chaoyin, Chaoyang and Fanyin caves. Among them, the Chaoyin and Fanyin caves are the most renowned. When the sea surges, water tumbles into the Chaoyin Cave and bumps into the rocks inside with a thunderous roar, and looks like a madly gyrating dragon from a birds-eye view.The Fanyin Cave (Cave of Buddhist Sound) is sandwiched between two steep cliffs of some 100 meters in height. The cave winds its way towards the sea. When the sea swells, the waters pour into the cave with thunderous roars. A stone stair leads from the mountain top to a rock platform built into the cave wall, half way above the bottom with a marvelous view of the sea.There are also many oddly-shaped stones, the 20-odd most famous ones of which include Pantuo Stone, the stone of Two Tortoises listening to preaching, and the stone of Sea and Sky Buddhist Kingdom, etc.3. The BeachesThe island is surrounded by quite a few beaches. The Baibusha Beach, along the east coast and 1.5 km. in length, is the best bathing beach. It is flat and covered with soft golden sand.浙江千岛湖千岛湖，位于中国浙江淳安县境内，它是国务院首批公布的44处国家级风景区之一，也是目前国内最大的国家级森林公园。它是1959年为建造新安江水电站而筑坝蓄水形成的人工湖。 千岛湖国家森林公园拥有448平方公里的森林面积，森林覆盖率已达81%，茂密的森林净化了千岛湖的大气环境，空气十分洁净。千岛湖水域面积573平方公里，平均水深34米，透明度可达7米，属国家一级水体，不经任何处理即可达饮用水标准。 千岛湖四周群山连绵，林木繁茂，鸟语花香，生态环境佳绝，资源丰富。共有植物1786种，盛产茶叶、蚕桑、木材、毛竹等，湖内淡水鱼有87种，年捕鱼量达4000多吨，且四季时新鲜果，土特产品不断，闻名的有：无核柿、金丝蜜枣、山核桃、淡水鱼干、野生蕨菜干。 千岛湖山水天下秀，优美的自然风光和良好的生态环境，使千岛湖展现出广阔的发展前景。而随着交通条件的进一步完善，旅游资源进一步开发和知名度进一步提高，它将成为世界旅游的热点。Qiandao Lake (Thousand-Island Lake) Located in Chunan County of Zhejiang Province, the Qiandao Lake is among the first 44 national scenic spots proclaimed by the State Council, and also the largest national forest park at present. It is a man-made reservoir formed during the construction of Xinanjiang Hydropower Station in 1959. The Qiandao Lake National Forest Park covers a forested area of 448 square kilometers, with a forest coverage rate of 81%. The dense forests have purified the air of the surrounding areas. The water area of the Qiandao Lake amounts to 573 square kilometers and has an average depth of 34 meters and the visibility of 7 meters. As national first-class water, it is so pure that it can be drunk directly.Embraced by green hills, the Qiandao Lake has a superexcellent entironment with numerous species of wild birds and rich resources. It has 1,786 kinds of plants and abounds in tea, mulberry, wood, and bamboo. With 87 kinds of freshwater fish in the lake, the annual volume of fish caught reaches over 4,000 tons. The lake is also famous for its fruits of four seasons, such as persimmon without fruit stone, sweet spun gold jujube, mountain walnut, dried freshwater fish, and dried wild brake tender leaves. The whole lake area is divided into five small parts, namely the northeast part, the southeast part, the northwest part, the southwest part and the central part. After large-scale reconstructions in recent years, the lake formed 14 scenic spots of 6 sections including the Xian Hill, the Screen Peak, the Plum Peak, the Dragon Hill, the Animal-Series, and the Stone Forest.The Qiandao Lake has a promising future with its fascinating scenery and excellent entironment. It will become one of the world hot scenic spots along with the further improvement of traffic, exploitation of tour resources and enhancement of reputation杭州西湖西湖位于浙江省杭州市，是斐声中外的风景旅游胜地。她三面青山环绕，中间碧波荡漾，面积5.6平方公里，绕湖周长近15公里，一山（孤山）、二堤（白堤和苏堤）、三岛（小瀛洲、湖心亭和阮公墩）把全湖分为外湖、北里湖、西里湖、岳湖和小南湖。 关于“西湖”这个名称，最早开始于唐朝。在唐以前，西湖有武林水、明圣湖、金中湖、龙川、钱源、钱塘湖、上湖等名称。到了宋朝，苏东坡守杭时，他咏诗赞美西湖说：“水光潋滟晴方好，山色空饔暌嗥妗盐骱任髯樱迸芟嘁恕！笔吮鸪鲂牟玫匕盐骱茸髦泄糯抵械拿廊宋魇谑牵骱侄嗔艘桓觥拔髯雍钡难藕拧 西湖一年四季，一日四时，皆有佳景，各具神韵。在西湖景色中，最有名的当属“西湖十景”和“西湖新十景”，人称“西湖双十景”。西湖十景分别为：苏堤春晓、断桥残雪、曲院风荷、三潭映月、花港观鱼、雷峰夕照、南屏晚钟、平湖秋月、柳浪闻莺、双峰插云。西湖新十景则包括虎跑梦泉、龙井问茶、宝石流霞、吴山天风、玉皇飞云、黄龙吐翠、满陇桂雨、九溪烟树、阮敦环碧、云栖竹径。 西湖还因众多的历史文化名人而著称。中国历史上的英雄俊杰岳飞、于谦、张若水、秋瑾等，都埋骨西子湖畔，他们的英名和浩然正气长留于西湖的青山绿水之间。古代的诗人画家，如著名的白居易、苏东坡、柳永、潘天寿等，都与西湖结下不解之缘，留下了无数千古流芳的名篇。 West Lake Lying in Hangzhou City of Zhejiang Province, the West Lake is a world famous tourist spot. Embraced by green hills on three sides, the lake covers an area of 5.6 square kilometers and has a perimeter of 15 kilometers. The whole lake is divided into 5 sections, namely the Outer Lake, North Inner Lake, Yue Lake and Little South Lake, by Gu Hill, Sudi Causeway, Baiti Causeway and Ruangong Mound.The name of West Lake was fixed as early as the Tang Dynasty (618-907). Before the Tang Dynasty, the lake had various names such as Wulin Water, Mingsheng Lake, Jinzhong Lake, Longchuan, Qianyuan, Qiantang Lake, and Shang Lake, etc. In the Song Dynasty (960-1279), the Chinese renowned poet Su Dongpo wrote a poem to praise the West Lake and compared it to Xizi, a Chinese legendary beauty. Since then, the West Lake has another elegant name Xizi Lake. The beauty of the West Lake lies in its lingering charm that survives the change of seasons in a year and of hours in a day. Among its beautiful sights, the most famous sites are the Ten Sights in West Lake and the Ten New Sights in West Lake, which are known as the Double-Ten Sights in West Lake. The Ten Sights in West Lake are Melting Snow at Broken Bridge, Spring Dawn at Sudi Causeway, Sunset Glow over Leifeng Hill, Lotus in the Breeze at Crooked Courtyard, Autumn Moon on Calm Lake, Listening to Orioles Singing in the Willows, Viewing Fish at Flowers Harbor, Evening Bell at Nanping Hill, Three Pools Mirroring the Moon, and Twin Peaks Piercing the Clouds. The Ten New Sights in West Lake are Dream Spring of Hupao, Tea-tasting at Dragon Well, Gem Bathed in Flowing Rosy Clouds, Heaven Wind over Wushan Mountain, Scud over Yuhuang, Yellow Dragon Spitting Greenness, Rains of Sweet-scented Osmanthus Over Hills, Trees in Mist by the Nine Rivulets, Ruan Mound in Green, Cloud Dwelling and Bamboo Path. The West Lake is also famous for its historical flavor with numerous celebrities. National heroes Yue Fei, Yu Qian, Zhang Ruoshui and Qiu Jin were all buried along the West Lake, leaving their illustrious names and noble spirits in the green hills and blue waters. Moreover, many ancient poets and artists, such as Bai Juyi, Su Dongpo, Liu Yong and Pan Tianshou, had also left countless famous writings.浙江鉴湖鉴湖亦即为镜湖，又称长湖、大湖、庆湖。它位于浙江省绍兴城西南，为浙江名湖之一。鉴湖面积约30.44平方公里，其主干道东起亭山，西至湖塘，长22.5公里，形如一条宽窄相间的河道，镶嵌在绍兴平原之上。鉴湖为浙江省省级风景名胜区，是一处适合观光游览、休闲度假的江南水乡型风景名胜区，由东跨湖桥、快阁、三山、清水闸、柯岩、湖塘6个景区和湖南山旅游活动区组成。 鉴湖水质非常好，驰名中外的绍兴老酒，即用此湖水酿造。鉴湖湖面宽阔，泛舟其中，近处碧波映照，远处青山重叠，有在镜中游之感。鉴湖不仅有独特的自然风光，还有许多名胜古迹为之增色。鉴湖是南宋爱国诗人陆游的故里。如今这里还有快阁、三山遗址。快阁地处东跨湖桥以西的鉴湖北岸，是陆游中年时赋诗读书处，后改为陆放翁祠，现尚存清代建筑数间。对岸有山阴道直通兰亭。快阁向西行数里，就是陆游的故里三山，这是行宫山、韩家山、石堰山三座小山之间的临湖小村，古名西村。现在故居虽废，风景依旧，一派江南湖光山色，使人流连忘返。Jianhu Lake The Jianhu Lake, also known as the Mirror Lake, is located in the southwest of Shaoxing City in Zhejiang Province. As a famous lake in Zhejiang, the Jianghu Lake covers an area of 30.5 square kilometers and is 22.5 kilometers long from Tinshan Hill in the east to the Hutang Pool in the west. It looks like a river course running in the Shaoxing Plain. The Jianhu Lake is a provincial scenic spot and a perfect entertainment resort which is composed of the South Hill Recreation Area and 6 sights in the east, namely the Lake Bridge, the Kuaige Pavilion, the Three Hills, the Qingshui Flood Gate, the Keyan Rock and the Hutang Pool. The water in the Jianhu Lake is pure and it is from this water that the world-famous Shaoxing Wine is made. Going boating in the vast lake surrounded by green hills, one will feel like touring around a fairyland cast in a mirror. Besides beautiful natural landscapes, the lake also has many historic sites. It is the hometown of the renowned poet Lu You of the Southern Song Dynasty (1127-1279). The sites of the Kuaige Pavilion and the Three Hills were built in memory of him. Lying on the north side of the Jianhu Lake, the Kuaige Pavilion was the place where Lu You studied in his middle age. The pavilion then changed its name to the Lufangweng Ancestral Temple, with several old buildings of the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911). Walking several kilometers from the pavilion to the west, one can find the Three Hills, namely the Xinggong Hill, the Hanjia Hill, and the Shiyan Hill. Lying in these hills is a small village that is the birthplace of Lu You. Though his former residence has been abandoned, the beautiful scenery has not changed, making visitors forget to return.浙江千丈岩瀑布（无英文导游词）千丈岩瀑布位于浙江省宁波御书亭西400米处，崖壁如削，高千仞，故名千丈岩，也称飞雪岩。 瀑布自崖口出，跌至潭底，落差171米。水源来自东西两涧水，东涧水从中峰白龙洞环流雪窦寺南，西涧水自屏风山上雪峰玉龙洞十八折而下，相汇于雪窦寺前的伏龙桥，流经锦镜池畔，穿关山桥出崖口奔泻而下，至半腰撞击突出巨岩，顿时水花四射，再折而崩泻，经阳光折射，五彩缤纷，蔚为壮观。西部崖顶那有飞雪亭，供游人俯览瀑布。从御书亭经百步阶，可至千丈岩底，有一深潭，潭水清澈碧绿，寒气袭人。潭旁建有仰止桥、午雷亭。站在桥上，水雾笼罩，水沫溅人，仰望瀑布，惊心动魄。雁荡大龙湫瀑布雁荡大龙湫瀑布为浙江省雁荡山胜景。它与贵州黄果树瀑布、黄河壶口瀑布、黑龙江吊水楼瀑布并称中国四大瀑布，而大龙湫独以其落差为190余米取胜，为中国瀑布之最，有“天下第一瀑”之誉。 瀑流发源于百岗尖，流经龙湫背，从连云峰凌空泻下，像从银河倒泻下来，十分壮观。大龙湫的最奇绝之处，在于因季节、晴雨等变化呈现出多姿多彩的迷人景象。盛夏季节，雷雨初过，大龙湫象一条发怒的银龙，从半空中猛扑下来，声如雷鸣，震天撼地，气势雄壮。在晴朗的冬日，瀑流从半空中漂洒而下，阳光照射时，瀑布呈现出色彩绚丽的五色长虹的奇观，景色格外迷人。在阳春三月，大龙湫又是另一番景象，雨水稀少，瀑布如珠帘下垂，不到几丈，就化为烟云。大龙湫瀑布真是千变万化，不可捉摸。 雁荡山有许多瀑布，有名称的达十八处。雁荡山的瀑布和贵州黄果树大瀑布的风格迥然而异。它不是以大取胜，而是以其优美的姿态打动游人。除了上面介绍的大龙湫瀑布外，还有小龙湫和三折瀑等有名的瀑布。三折瀑是同一水流历经三处悬崖，成为上中下三个飞瀑。其中，以中折瀑最为动人。中折瀑周围的悬崖，有如一个半圆形的洞穴，水从洞顶泻而下，飘飘忽忽，非常优美。Dalongqiu Waterfall in Yandang Being the superb scenic spot in the Yandang Mountain, the Dalongqiu Waterfall has its source in Baigangjian. After flowing pass Longqiu Back, it rushes down from the Lianyun Peak with a fall of 197 meters, looking like the Milky Way pouring down from the sky. It is reputed as the first waterfall under heaven, attracting poets and writers through the ages. The scenery of the Dalongqiu Waterfall changes constantly with the season. During summer season, after thunderstorms, the waterfall looks like an angry white dragon, jumping down from the midair and then dashing towards the deep pool while sending out thunderous roars. During fine wintertime, it flows down gently and forms colorful rainbows under the sunshine. During spring season, it turns into mist and clouds after rushing down a few meters and then changes into masses of water, and then stretches into numerous streams like arrows and white snakes racing downwards, and finally turns into white and nattier mist again.虎跑泉Hupao Spring (Running -Tiger Spring) The Hupao Spring is located in the side yard of the Huichan Temple (commonly known as the Hupao Temple), which is at the foot of the Baihe Peak (White Crane Peak) of Daci Mountain, five kilometers from Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province. The Hupao Spring takes its name from a legend. According to the legend, an accomplished monk named Huanzhong came and lived here during the 14thyear (819) of the Yuanhe reign in the Tang Dynasty (618-907). Later, due to lack of water, the monk planned to leave the temple. One night, he had a dream in which an immortal told him two tigers would move a fountain here. As expected, the next day two mighty tigers from the Hengshan Mountain circled the spot and dug a hole which caused the spring to gush forth - hence, the name Hupao Spring (Running - Tiger Spring). In reality, the Hupao Spring is formed by underground water seeping through veins and cracks within quartz sandstone. According to measurement, the rate of flow reaches 43.2 to 86.4 cubic meters per day. With pure and sweet water, the spring holds the first place among springs in the West Lake. The Hupao Spring and the Longjing (Dragon Well) Spring are reputed to be the third spring under heaven. Originally, the Hupao Spring had three wells, which formed two pools later. Next to the main pool, there is a stone bed placed in a stone niche. A sculpture of Monk Huanzhong is lying on his side, resting the head on his right arm in a serene manner. Two lifelike stone tigers stand to the right side of the stone niche, as if they are walking towards Huanzhong.Dragon Well tea in Running-Tiger Spring waterSince ancient times, the Dragon-Well Tea and the Hupao Spring water have been known as the two wonders of the West Lake. Through the ages, visitors who came to Hangzhou City all took the opportunity to sip and taste the Dragon-Well Tea with Hupao Spring water. Many poets wrote poems to praise the Hupao Spring. In recent years, the development of tea culture in Hangzhou City was promoted by the flourishing tourism. Nowadays, several teahouses have been restored or constructed along the scenic spots in the West Lake, such as the Hupao Spring, the Longjing Spring, Yu Spring (Jade Spring) and Wushan, attracting tea lovers both home and abroad. 杭州六和塔六和塔坐落在浙江省杭州市钱塘江北岸的月轮峰上。六和塔所在地原来是五代吴越国王的南果园，塔始建于北宋开宝三年（970年），是钱弘淑舍园所造，同时还建造了塔院，建塔的目的是为了镇压钱塘江的江潮。六和塔塔身共九层，高五十多丈，巍峨突起，依陆俯看钱塘。塔的顶层装有明灯，为夜晚航行的船只指路。宣和三年（1121年），六和塔毁于兵火，现在保存的砖筑塔身，是南宋绍兴二十六年（1156年）重建的，到乾道元年（1165年）才全部竣工，历时十年。 六和塔木檐十三层，清光绪二十六年（1900年）重新修建，塔的内部有六层是封闭的，七层与塔身的内部相通，自外及里，塔可分外墙、回廊、内墙和小室四个部分，形成了内外两环。内环是塔心室，外环是厚壁，回廊夹在中间，楼梯置于回廊之间。外墙的外壁，在转角处装设有倚柱，并与塔的木檐相联结。墙身的四面开辟有门，因为墙厚达4.12米，故而进门后，就形成了一条甬道，甬道的两侧凿有壁龛，壁龛的下部做成须弥座。穿甬道而过，里边就是回廊。内墙的四边也辟有门，另外的四边凿有壁龛，相互间隔而成。内墙厚4.20米，故而每个门的门洞内，也形成了甬道，甬道直通塔中心的小室。壁龛的内部镶嵌有四十二章经的石刻。中心的小室原来是为了供奉佛像而设的，为仿木建筑，制作讲究。六和塔所有壶门的造型，线条流畅，圆润美观，是南宋时期典型的做法。塔身的第七层和塔刹是元代重修的。 六和塔中的须弥座上有二百多处砖雕，砖雕的题材丰富，造型生动，有斗奇争妍的石榴、荷花、宝相，展翅飞翔的凤凰、孔雀、鹦鹉，奔腾跳跃的狮子、麒麟，还有昂首起舞的飞仙等等。这些砖雕，与宋代成书的营造法式所载十分吻合，是中国古建筑史上珍贵的实物资料。 六和塔是杭州著名的风景点之一，游人到此，既可欣赏古塔的雄姿，又能领略钱塘江的风光，所以历代有不少的文人墨客作诗咏叹，有诗云：“孤塔凌霄汉，天风面面来。江光秋练净，岚色晓屏开”，真实地描绘了六和塔和钱塘江的风光。 Pagoda of Six Harmonies Standing by the Qiantang River in Hangzhou, the Pagoda of Six Harmonies was first constructed in 970 during the Northern Song Dynasty (960-1127) by Qian Hongchu, King of the Wuyue State, who ruled the area of todays Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Fujian provinces. The purpose of building the pagoda was to suppress the tidewaters. It had nine storeys and was some 150 meters high. At night lanterns were lit on the pagoda so that ships and boats on the Qiantang River could use it as a navigation tower. The pagoda suffered repeated damages over about a thousand years. It was almost completely destroyed by war in 1121. Reconstruction started in 1153 and was completed in 1163. The height of the pagoda was reduced after reconstruction because there were only seven storeys left of the original nine. Major repairs were made again in 1524 during the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) and in 1735 and 1900 during the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), but these repairs were on the outside eaves only. The brick body of the pagoda remained the same as in the Song Dynasty. Today some Song Dynasty inscriptions can still be found inside the pagoda.The extant pagoda is octagonal, with thirteen levels on the exterior but seven levels on the interior. It stands 59.89 meters high, and is one of the tallest pagodas in southern China. The pagoda can be divided into four parts from the exterior to the interior, namely, the outer wall, the zigzag corridor, the inside wall and the little chamber. The corridor in-between connects the exterior with the interior; the winding staircases, linking the corridor parts, lead to the top level. The exterior wall, with a thickness of 4.12 meters, has doors in the four sides. On the two side walls of the entrance connecting the exterior with the interior, there are engraved shrines. The four sides of the interior wall, with a thickness of 4.2 meters, also have doors.