高中英语定语从句（关系代词）复习学案.doc

l 定语从句复习笔记PARTII: 定语从句的基本框架: “先行词+关系词+从句”关系词分为关系代词和关系副词.本单元关系代词有who,whom,whose,that,which. 其中关系词紧接着先行词,并起到以下3个作用: (关系词=连词+代词)1. 指代之前出现的先行词2. 起到连词的作用,连接两个句子3. 在从句里面充当一定的成分,主语或宾语,甚至是表语,定语等先行词为人:可以使用who(宾格为whom,且口语中常用who代替) 和that.可以互换.其中做主语who和that不能省,但做宾语时可以省略,这也是考点.记住,介词后面只能使用: 介词+whom或 介词+which)(whose是who的所有格,相当于whos形式,“谁的”,whose+n可以替换为以下结构：the+ n +of which/whom，或of which/whom+the+n )先行词为物：可以使用that, which.这两词一般可以相互替换,做主语不可以省,做宾语可以省略或保留.介词后面照样只能用which.) PS: in that=because 固定词组 (做题应该注意先行词的缺失情况,从句成分的主语和宾语是否为二缺一等)II: that 和which 都可以修饰表示物的先行词, 可以充当主语或宾语，但是下列情况只能用that. 先行词为不定冠词all, none， few, little, much, everything, anything, something, nothing等，或被这些词所修饰的时候All (that) you have to do is to practise every day.There isnt much (that) I can do. 先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级所修饰时.The first lesson (that) I learned will never be forgotten.This is the best film (that ) I have ever seen. 先行词被no，all, any, every, few, little, very，some等限定词词修饰时.I have read all the books (that) you gave me. 先行词被the only, the very, the last, the same 等修饰时.This is the very book that I want to read. 这正是我想要读的那一本书This is the same book that I want to read. (两本书是同一本书)-This is the same book as I want to read.(和我想读的书一样). 当主句以who或 which 开头的特殊疑问句时,定语从句that 引导.Who is the man that is standing there?Which of us that knows something about physics doesnt know this ?先行词同时包含人和物的时候。We talked about the persons and things that we could remember. PS:1. 在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。There is a street that is very busy everynight.2.time做先行词，前面如果有序数词或 last 来修饰时，定语从句用 that 来引导或省略,做宾语可省；如果没有序数词或 last 来修饰时，既可用 when 也可用that来引导。This is the last time ( that ) I shall give you a lesson.The first time ( that ) I saw him was in 1972.Its time ( that/when ) we got up.III:限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句的区别：非限定性定语从句和限制性定语从句的显著区别点就是：非限制性定语从句前一般有“逗号”，这时只能用which，不能用that！ （限制性的定语从句和先行词之间没有逗号，彼此意思是紧密相联的，而且相互内在关系是密不可分的，如果省略了，就会使整个主句没有意义。）He is the man who has strong personality. 他是一个个性很强的人.（相对比与限制性定语从句，非限制性的定语从句和先行词之间有逗号连接，而且两者关系比较松散，只起补充说明作用，即使省略了也不影响主句意义的完整。） My brother，who works abroad，is coming soon。 PS:I当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，例如： Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。 This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。II非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如： He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。(整个一句话做先行词, which做关系词,后面再接缺少主语的定语从句)III: 说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句,也就是不能用于”逗号”后面。介词+关系词 1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。2）that前不能有介词。3） 某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的介词+关系词结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。 This is the house in which I lived two years ago. This is the house where I lived two years ago.(做题方法：依据谓语动词来判断！live是不及物动词，需要借助介词in才能直接接宾语，如果有介词in，则一定需要用关系代词that或which来充当特定的成分；但如果没有介词in，则直接构成“主语+谓语（不急物动词）”这最简单的句型结构，此时可以使用关系副词来引导从句。 第五单元的语法点)4）含有介词的固定动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等This is the watch which/that I am looking for. ()This is the watch for which I am looking. ()IV: 课外补充：as 引导的定语从句，1. as用作关系代词和关系副词引导限定性定语从句，在从句中作主语、定语、表语、或状语，常与the same as; such as , so as , as as 连用。I like the same book as you do.I want to have such a dictionary as he has.I shall do it in the same way as you did.He is the same age as you ( are ).He will give you such information as will help you.Such students as you have mentioned should be criticized.=Students such as you have mentioned should be criticized.2. 在the same后也可用that引导定语从句，但意义有所不同：that 引出的定语从句，表示其内容与主句所讲的事物是“同一个”,指同一事物；而 as引出的定语从句是与先行词相似的同类事物。I want to use the same tool that I used yesterday.(就是昨天用的那个工具)I want to use the same tool as I used yesterday.(强调与昨天使用时类似的工具)3. as 做主语,表语,宾语; 先行词可以是一个词,一个短语或一个句子.To shut your eyes to facts, as many of you do, is foolish.As we all know, he studies very hard.As 引导的定语从句可放在主句前,也可放在主句后.在很多情况下已经构成固定搭配. 了解一下固定搭配：As everybody can see as was usualAs can be seen as I expectedAs is known to all， as may be imaginedas you know as is expectedas has been said before as is reportedas is often said as is announcedV: as和 which 引导的非限定性定语从句的比较：1. 非限定性定语从句位于句未，而且as 和which 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语时可互换。He is a farmer, as/which is clear from his manner.This elephant is like a snake, as/which anybody can see.2. which 引导的非限定性定语从句一般放在句未，而as 引导的非限定性定语从句可放在句未，也可放在句中、句首。 放在句首时不能用which 替换,只能用as。Crusoe lost his dog, which made him very sadTaiwan is part of China, as/which is known to all.As we have seen, oceans cover more than 70 percent of the earth.3. as引导非限定性定语从句时，意为“这一点、这件事” “正如”，常与 see， hope，expect，know，guess等动词搭配；而which引导非限定性定语从句时与主句有一种因果关系，可译为“所以”。The color, as you all know, is dark red.Bamboo is hollow, which makes it very light.4. as引导非限定性定语从句并在从句中作主语时，其后面的谓语动词大多数必须是连系动词。如果从句谓语动词是行为动词，则必须用which。He married her, as was natural.She refused to take the medicine, which made her mother angry.It rained hard yesterday, which prevented her from going to Shenyang.He is absent(缺席), as is often the case. 高一定语从句专题练习（关系代词篇）1. A child _ parents are dead is called an orphan(孤儿) .A. who B. whos C. whose D. which2. Carol said the work would be done by October, _personally I doubt very much. A. it B. that C. when D. which3.The door in our garden, _ my father built many years ago, has lasted for a long time. A. that B. which C. what D. where4.Theres still much _ can be improved about it.A. which B. that C. / D. what5.Mr. Johnsons son, _ lives in Chicago, is a doctor.A. who B. whom C. that D. which6.Ill never forget the years _ I lived in the country with the farmers _ has a great effect on my life.A. that; which B. when; which C. which; that D. when; who7.She may have missed her train, in _ case she wont arrive for another hour. A. what B. that C. which D. this8.He has made a wonderful discovery, _ of great importance to science.A. which I think is B. which do I think is C. I think which is D. which I think it is9.Ill remember the time _ we spent together in the country.A. that B. when C. during which D. at which10.Next winter _ youll spend in Harbin, Im sure, will be another exciting holiday. A. which B. when C. in which D. where11. I dont believe the reason _ he has given for his being late. A. why B. that C. how D. what12. I dont believe the reason _ he is so late. A. why B. that C. how D. what13.There were two small rooms in the house, _ served as a kitchen.A. the smaller of which B. the small of whichC. the smaller of them D. the smaller one14.Will you please show me the way to the only tall building _ stands near the post office. A. / B. in which C. that D. where 15.Alice has a large collection of photos, _ was taken in London.A. none of them B. no one of which C. all of which D. none of which16.His sister had become a teacher, _ was what he wanted to be.A. who B. what C. that D. which17.With the fast development of agriculture, the people _ village I taught before have lived a happy life. A. who B. whose C. in whose D. in which18.I fell most angry about the way _ Ive been treated.A. / B. that C. where D. how19.He was rude to the Customs officer, _ of course made things even worse.A. who B. whom C. what D. which20.Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _, of course, made the others unhappy. A. who B. which C. this D. what 21.Recently I bought an ancient Chinese Vase, _ was very reasonable.A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whose22.“_ break the law should be punished,” the judge shouted.A. Someone B. Anyone C. Whoever D. Those who23.Is there anything else_ you require?A. which B. that C. who D. what24.The last place _ we visited was the Great Wall.A. which B. that C. where D. it 25.He talked happily about the men and books _ interested him greatly in the school. A. which B. that C. who D. when26.The railway tunnel, through _ the train goes will be completed soon.A. which B. that C. it D. whom27.There is no dictionary _you can find everything.A. that B. which C. where D. in that28.There isnt so much noise in the country _ in big cities.A. that B. which C. where D. as 29.They could only read such stories _ had been rewritten in simple English. A. that B. which C. as D what30. There is only one student in the school_ I wanted to see.A. which B. that C. who D. whom31.Crusoes dog became ill and died, _ made him very lonely.A. as B. which C. that D. this32._ we know now, bats comes out only at night.A. As B. Which C. That D. What33.John got beaten in the game, _ had been expected.A. as B. that C. what D. who34._ has been said above, grammar is a set of dead rules.A. Which B. What C. That D. As35. I have bought two ballpens(圆珠笔), _writes well.A. none of which B. neither of which C. none of them D. neither of them36. There are two thousand students in our school, _ are girls.A. of whom two-thirds B. two-third of themC. two-third in them D. two-thirds in which37. Do you know the man _?A. whom I spoke B. to who I spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke38. This is one of the best films_ this year.A. have been shown B. that have been shownC. that has been shown D. which has been shown39. This is the only one of the best films _ this year.A. have been shown B. that have been shownC. that has been shown D. which has been shown40. Is _ some German friends visited last week ?A. this school B. this the school C. this school one D. this school where41. Ill tell you _ he told me last month. A. all which B. all what C. that all D. all42. Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn?A. that B / C. which D. it43. You can take any seat _ is free.A. which B. where C. that D. in which44. Please pass me the dictionary _ cover is black.A. which B. which of C. its D. whose 45. Is this museum _ some German friends visited last Wednesday?A. that B. where C. in which D. the one46. He has two sons, _ work as chemists.A.two of whom B. both of whom C. both of which D. all of whom47. I, _ your good friend, will try my best to help you out.A. who is B. who am C.