2015考研英语阅读理解精读P33—工学类.doc

凯程考研辅导班，中国最强的考研辅导机构， 考研就找凯程考研，学生满意，家长放心，社会认可！2015考研英语阅读理解精读P33工学类Passage 33Bryant Linares has one heck of a secret family recipe: how to make world-class diamonds. Seven years ago his father, Robert, produced a diamond in a high-pressure chamber of carbon gas and dropped it into an acid solution to clean it off. When he returned the next morning, he expected to find the usual yellow stone-a crude artificial diamond of some use to industry, perhaps, but not the stuff of dreams. At first there didnt seem to be any stone at all. Then he saw, at the bottom of the beaker, so clear it was almost invisible, a perfect quarter-carat crystal of pure carbon. It was the eureka moment, says Bryant. His father had managed what many scientists had given up on long ago: to manufacture a stone that wouldnt look out of place on an engagement ring.Man-made diamonds are nothing new-industry started making them in the 1950s, and each year about 80 tons of low-quality synthetic diamonds are used in tools like drill bits and sanders. High-quality crystals, though, open up huge possibilities, jewelry being the least of them. Scientists are most excited about the prospect of making diamond microchips. As chips have shrunk over the years, engineers have struggled with ways of dissipating the heat they create. Because silicon, the main component of semiconductors, breaks down at about 200 degrees Fahrenheit, some experts believe a new material will be needed in a decade or so. Diamonds might fit the bill. They can withstand 1,000 degrees, and electrons move through them so easily that they would tend not to heat up in the first place. Engineers could cram a lot more circuits onto a diamond-based micro-chip-if they could perfect a way of making pure crystals cheaply.The race is on. After working in secrecy for years refining their technique, the Linareses company, Apollo Diamond, now spits out 20 carats a week, both for jewelry and for diamond wafers that could be fashioned into microchips. Rivals have also been busy. Gemesis, a Sarasota, Fla., firm, has developed a diamond growth chamber-a press that squeezes out high-quality diamonds in much the same way that the early presses made rough ones. Gemesis is making blue diamonds-rare and sought-after gemstones.Chipmakers are also getting into the act. The Japanese firm Nippon Telegraph and Telephone has already made prototype diamond semiconductors, and the Japanese government is actively promoting the technology. Most U.S. research is going on in universities and military labs, but Intel has recently taken an interest. Before the technology is ready for prime time, chipmakers will have to come up with a way to keep out impurities during manufacturing. And the attribute that makes diamonds so attractive-their hardness-also makes them difficult to manipulate.The new diamonds are likely to show up first as tiny light-emitting diodes, or LEDs, in flat-screen displays and high-definition televisions. And then, of course, theres jewelry. Although synthetics still carry a stigma, even experts cant tell the difference. Natural-diamond merchants claim they arent worried, but De Beers has made a device that can distinguish between the natural stones and the synthetics and is distributing it to jewelers. Will consumers care? We might find out next year when Gemesis is ready to market its blue diamonds in the United States.注(1)：本文选自Newsweek，10/25/2004, p60-61, 2p, 3c注(2)：本文习题命题模仿对象2002年真题Text 41. From the first paragraph, we learn that_.A All the diamonds are almost invisible.B Many scientists had tried hard to make perfect crystals long time ago.C His father expected to find a diamond used in industry.D Diamond are produced with carbon gas.2. Which of the following statements is not true according to the text?A Diamond can withstand higher degree than silicon.B The main component of semiconductors will be replaced in a few years.C High-quality crystals have least usages, esp. in jewelry.D Engineers could not find perfect ways of making pure crystal cheaply.3. According to the passage, why can the companies increase and perfect their productionof diamond?A They all work in secrecy.B They have improved their techniques.C They have developed their own diamond chambers.D They have turned the rough diamond to high-quality ones.4. Which of the following best defines the word “attribute”(Line 5, Paragraph 4)?A qualityB contributionC appearanceD value5. The new diamond is Not first used in_.A LEDsB flat-screen displayC high-definition televisionsD prototype diamond semiconductor答案：B C B A D篇章剖析本篇主要介绍了人造钻石的制造、用途和应用前景。第一段叙述了布赖恩特李艾尔斯父亲偶然发现制造精美人工钻石的技术;第二段介绍工业上生产钻石的情况和人造钻石用途;第三段说明钻石制造公司的制造技术不断进步;第四段芯片制造商设法生产出钻石半导体来生产微芯片;最后一段介绍了人造钻石的应用前景。词汇注释recipe n.处方,秘诀artificial adj.人造的, 假的, 非原产地的eureka int.我发现了(表达有重大新发现时的欢乐)synthetic adj.合成的, 人造的, 综合的dissipate v.驱散, (使)(云、雾、疑虑等) 消散, 浪费(金钱或时间)silicon n.化硅, 硅元素wafer n.无晶片, 圆片, 薄饼, 干胶片gemstone n.经雕琢的宝石prototype n.原型;模型;典型;impurity n.杂质, 混杂物, 不洁, 不纯attribute n.属性, 品质, 特征manipulate vt.(熟练地)操作, 操纵(人或市价、市场), 利用, 应付, 假造stigma n.污名distribute vt.分发, 分配, 散布, 分布, 分类, 分区难句突破1. His father had managed what many scientists had given up on long ago: to manufacture a stone that wouldnt look out of place on an engagement ring.主体句式：His father had managed what结构分析：这是一个复杂句，what引导的是宾语从句，to manufacture a stone实际上是what many scientists had given up的同谓语从句，that引导的是定语从句。句子译文：他的父亲完成了许多科学家很久以前放弃的研究，即制造出一块用在订婚戒指上也显得合适不过的钻石。2. High-quality crystals, though, open up huge possibilities, jewelry being the least of them.主体句式： crystals open up possibilities 结构分析：jewelry being the least of them是一个分词独立主格结构，在句中做伴随状语。句子译文：高质量的水晶展现了巨大的潜力，用来制作珠宝只是其中最小的一部分。题目分析1. 答案是B，属判断推理题。文中第一段讲到，他的父亲完成了许多科学家很久以前放弃的研究，说明以前许多科学家曾努力去研究制造完美水晶。2. 答案是C，属事实细节题。选项A B D在文中第二段都可以找到相应的意思，C选项却和文中意思相悖。文中的意思是：高质量的水晶展现了巨大的可能性，用来制作珠宝只是其中最小的一部分。3. 答案是B，属判断推理题。文中第三段第一句谈到，在阿波罗钻石公司秘密研究多年之后改良了技术，从而提高了产量，而公司也通过成立”钻石成长室”，用和以往相同的方式制造出品质更高的钻石，可见他们也改进了技术。4. 答案是A，属猜词题。attribute本身就是特点，性质的意思。从后面的their hardness，钻石的硬度，也可以推断出。5. 答案是D，属事实细节题。文中第五段第一行讲到新钻石可能首先出现的地方。参考译文布赖恩特李艾尔斯有一副家传秘方：如何制造世界级钻石。七年前他的父亲罗伯特在一间高压碳气室中制造了一颗钻石，把它放入酸性溶液中清洗干净。第二天早晨当他回来时，他本指望看到通常的黄色钻石在工业上具有某种用途的未加工的人工钻石，可能，但不是所期望的。开始他根本没有看到什么石头。接着他看到在烧怀底有一块完美的四分之一克拉的纯碳钻石，如此透明，几乎让人看不到它。“这是一个令人狂喜的时刻”布赖恩特说。他的父亲完成了许多科学家很久以前放弃的研究，即制造出一块用在订婚戒指上也显得再合适不过的钻石。人造钻石并不是什么新生事物，二十世纪五十年代工业上就开始制造了，每年大约生产八百吨低质量的人造钻石，用来制造工具如钻头和打磨机。高质量的水晶展现了巨大的应用潜力，用来制作珠宝只是其中最小的一部分。科学家对于制造钻石芯片的前景最乐观。因为芯片会在多年以后收缩，工程师们努力驱散他们产生的热量。因为半导体的主要成分硅在大约华氏200度就会破裂。一些专家认为大约十年后将需要一种新的材料。钻石可能是合适之选。首先他们可以承受1000度的高温，电子很容易通过钻石，它们不容易升温。如果工程师们能找到一种完美的低成本制造纯水晶的方法，他们可以在一个钻石芯片上安装更多的线路。竞赛正在进行。理纳莱西(the Linareses)下属公司，阿波罗钻石公司秘密工作多年之后改进技术，如今坦言一周能生产二十克拉钻石，用来制造珠宝和可以用来制造微芯片的钻石晶片。其竞争对手也很忙。佛州萨拉索塔的盖迈希(Gemesis)公司建造了一个“钻石成长室” ,通过压力制造出高品质钻石，和以前制造低质量钻石的方法大体相同。盖迈希公司还可以生产蓝钻石，这是一种世人争相追求的珍贵宝石。芯片制造商也在行动。日本电报电话公司也已经制造出钻石半导体样品，日本政府正积极推动这项技术。美国的多数研究在大学和军队的实验室进行，但英特尔公司最近也已产生兴趣。在这项技术进入全盛期前，芯片制造商必须提出一种生产过程中去除杂质的方法。钻石之所以如此吸引人，是因为它的硬度，而这一特性，也使钻石制造增加了难度。新的钻石可能首先以微小的发光二极管，或者平板显示器和高清晰电视中的发光二极管出现。当然还有珠宝。虽然人造的会带有瑕疵，但甚至专家们也不能分辨真伪。天然钻石商人声称他们并不担心，但是德比尔斯制造了一种可以区分天然钻石和人造钻石的设备，已经分发给珠宝商。消费者会在意吗?下一年盖迈希公司准备在美国销售它的蓝钻石，到那时，我们或许会明白的。凯程教育：凯程考研成立于2005年，国内首家全日制集训机构考研，一直从事高端全日制辅导，由李海洋教授、张鑫教授、卢营教授、王洋教授、杨武金教授、张释然教授、索玉柱教授、方浩教授等一批高级考研教研队伍组成，为学员全程高质量授课、答疑、测试、督导、报考指导、方法指导、联系导师、复试等全方位的考研服务。凯程考研的宗旨：让学习成为一种习惯；凯程考研的价值观口号：凯旋归来，前程万里；信念：让每个学员都有好最好的归宿；使命：完善全新的教育模式，做中国最专业的考研辅导机构；激情：永不言弃，乐观向上；敬业：以专业的态度做非凡的事业；服务：以学员的前途为已任，为学员提供高效、专业的服务，团队合作，为学员服务，为学员引路。如何选择考研辅导班：在考研准备的过程中，会遇到不少困难，尤其对于跨专业考生的专业课来说，通过报辅导班来弥补自己复习的不足，可以大大提高复习效率，节省复习时间，大家可以通过以下几个方面来考察辅导班，或许能帮你找到适合你的辅导班。 师资力量：师资力量是考察辅导班的首要因素，考生可以针对辅导名师的辅导年限、辅导经验、历年辅导效果、学员评价等因素进行综合评价，询问往届学长然后选择。判断师资力量关键在于综合实力，因为任何一门课程，都不是由一、两个教师包到底的，是一批教师配合的结果。还要