大专生英语专业论文.doc

湖南省娄底职业技术学院 学生毕业设计（论文）中文题目: 英语数词的修辞特点及语用功能研究英文题目: n rhetoric feature and pragmatic function of English digital word 姓 名： 刘 迷 学 号： 208230103 系 部： 外语系 专 业： 商务英语 指导老师： 李健民 开题时间： 2010. 10. 完成时间： 2010. 12. 湖南省娄底职业技术学院教务处制 On rhetoric feature and pragmatic function of English digital word 英语数词的修辞特点及语用功能研究Liu Mi刘 迷 Supervisor: Prof. Li Jianmin Class: 08 Class One Major: Business EnglishStudent Number: 208230103Foreign Language Department Loudi Vocational & Technical College December, 2010娄底职业技术学院毕业论文 AbstractAbstract Abstract: Digital words have been used widely.It not only expresses the original meaning， but conveys the implied meaning or the rhetorical meaning. It makes the language expression more plentiful、vivid、iconic and meaningful through using the rhetoric such as homophonic、metonymy、euphemism、metaphor and so on. Meanwhile, the pragmatic function of digital word has also been used widely, which mostly used in daily life and net world to express peoples emotions such as missing、coquetry、 complaint and so on. It is very helpful for enriching peoples English expressions to understand accurately and know well the rhetoric and pragmatic trait of the usual digital word.Key words: digital words, rhetoric feature, pragmatic function 娄底职业技术学院毕业论文 摘要摘 要 数词的使用十分广泛。它既可以表示本义也可以表示引申义或修辞意义。通过运用修辞手法如谐音、借代、委婉及比喻等，使语言表达更加丰富、生动、形象、意味深长。同时，数词的语用功能及为广泛，多用于日常生活和网络中，用来表达人的情感如思念、嗔怒、抱怨等。准确理解和熟练掌握常见数词的修辞及语用特征对于丰富人们的英语表达很有好处。 关键词： 数字词，修辞特点，语用功能 娄底职业技术学院毕业论文 ContentsContentsAbstract I摘 要 IIContents .IIIIntroduction.11.The rhetoric feature of English digital word . .21.1.Homophonic . 21.1.1.Chinese homophonic . 21.1.2.English homophonic .3 1.2.Metonymy .4 1.3. Euphemism .51.4. Metaphor .82.The pragmatic function of the English digital word .102.1.Use in the daily life .10 2.2. Use in the net world .10 2.2.1. Expression for love and miss .10 2.2.2. Expression for coquetry and complaint .11Conclusion .12Bibliography . 13Acknowledgements .14 娄底职业技术学院毕业论文 IntroductionIntroduction The meaning of the digital word is far from being a single. It usually can be used as metaphor and exaggeration to express some kind of emotional signification and help render the atmosphere, which makes the language expression more vivid and iconic. I.e. the writing and homophonic of some digital words of”0”can make people have the connotation meaning of happiness and illness .For English country, zero means ok. Zero、cipher、zilch、naught、nil and nix, all of them mean “0”. But the meaning of these digital words have something with the “empty、valueless and nothing”. For example, “All our efforts added up to zero/went for naught” translated as Chinese “我们所有的努力都白费了”. In Chinese, people always say “那问题不就是一加一等于二那么简单”.In English, it also has the similar digital metaphor as “That is no problem, it is just as clear as that two and two make four”. And according to the different figures of speech, it has the different meaning. So subject to the different meaning, it has the different pragmatic. It is clear that the digital word has the two main traits of rhetoric and pragmatic. This paper will emphasize the research on the trait of digital word. 1娄底职业技术学院毕业论文 1.The rhetoric feature of English digital word1. The rhetoric feature of English digital wordIn a specific language environment, people use the digital words widely to increase the communicative effect and improve communicative efficiency. Rhetoric used largely is the necessary reason why the digital word is so popular. According to the different rhetoric, it can be classified as the following four categories:1.1 HomophonicHomophonic refers to rhetoric, which use the conditions of having the same or similar sound of the different word to increase the language expressive force. It has the language features of word-formation lively、transfer fast and expression forceful. It can represent the semantic through the boundaries of the Chinese characters. So long as the sound is similar to the word with the semantic information, no matter word or Arabic numerals or English letters is feasible. So digital homophonic with the trait of speed and efficiency is accepted by people soon. It can be developed into the following two sorts:1.1.1 Chinese homophonicChinese homophonic is the imitation of pronunciation, which is the substitute of the language. It is a string of number appearing for the similar pronunciation of mandarin or dialect and the sound of Arabic. Although it is a string of long or short number, the respondent words maybe a word or a phrase. Chinese homophonic can be classified as two kinds: (1) Auspicious digital word. Such as; 449(事事有) 3399（长长久久） 183（要发财） 518（吾要发）and so on. (2) Network digital word. The network digital word refers a string of Arabic digital word which is gradually appearing in the net. For example; 8147(不要生气) “8”is the homophonic of “发”. “1” 2娄底职业技术学院毕业论文 1.The rhetoric feature of English digital wordis the homophonic of “要”. “47” is the homophonic of “生气”. 246(饿死啦) “2”is the homophonic of “饿”. “4” is the homophonic of “死”. ”6”is the homophonic of “了”. Such kind of the examples, there are many in the life. For instance; 809（保龄球） 989（分手吧） 918（加油吧） 1314920（一生一世就爱你） 09125（你依旧爱我） 02746（你恶心死了） 20184（爱你一辈子） 259959（爱我就娶我吧） 3344587（生生世世不变心） 310（就依你） 447735（时时刻刻想我） 456（是我啦） 53980（我想揍扁你） 546（我走了） 6785783（老地方不见不散） 6120（懒得理你） 74074（去死你去死） 74839（其实不想走） 8013（伴你一生） 2013（爱你一生） 93110（好想见见你）and so on. 1.1.2 English Homophonic English Homophonic is a string of digital word composed by the similar or the same foreign pronunciation and Arabic numeral word or the digital word included in the language flow.4 Such as: 3166 is the homophonic “” in Japanese, it means goodbye or see you later or 886. B4 means before(以前). F2F means face to face(面对面). 4 means for(为了). 9 means night(晚上). 5156(无忧无虑) “1”is read into “YAO”, which is the homophonic of “要” , “1” in “3166”is read into “yo”, which is the homophonic of “哟”. “8176” (the homophonic of “” in Japanese, it means Nuts). “39”(the homophonic of “thank you”, it means “谢谢”). For instance, “10” (你很完美)“0” is the homophonic of “你”，“1”means you are the sole one. Chinese traditional culture has a obvious characteristic, namely, a pursuit for perfect. It means the beauty has reached to the pole or impeccable. 198(永久发) “1”is the homophonic of the “永”, “9” is the homophonic of the “久”, “8”is the homophonic of the “发”. In Chinese culture, there is another outstanding feature that people worship for the digital word and pursue for the wealth.045617（你是我的氧气），“0” is the homophonic of “你”. “4”is the homophonic of “是”. “11” is the homophonic of “氧气”, similarly means I cannot live without you-oxygen. Within the ten digital words from one to ten, the most popular one is “8”and the most undesirable one is“4”. It is only because “8” is the homophonic of “发”， “4” is the homophonic of “逝” . The meaning of “逝” is death. Nobody does not want to get rich in today driven underbelly by money. Therefore, the number “8” becomes more and more popular that people try to use “8”, no matter the telephone number or the license number and so on. More “8” they use, more better they feel. The general people can not get “8”. It is a marvelous digital word. While, “4” is death, people will change face when talking about it, try their best to avoid it. 1.2 Metonymy Metonymy refers to not say somebody or somebodys name, but borrow the designation which closely related with it to replace. The digital word of metonymy produces through using the metonymy of rhetoric. Developed today, people often use some special combination to express specific meaning. And these special digital combinations can establish a relationship with the things they refer to through association. i.e.13579(真奇怪), the five digital words are all odd number. In English, while the word “odd” is both in “odd number” and “odd thing”. Such as, “ride Bayard of ten toes” refers to “坐11路车”in Chinese. Try to analyze: the sentence of “ride Bayard of ten toes” is a Banter Language, which refers to walking. Here is “Bayard” God horse in Romantic period, so “Bayard of ten toes” means two horse feet. Horse is the main fool which is used to make a living for English 4娄底职业技术学院毕业论文 1.The rhetoric feature of English digital wordpeople in the early age. Thereafter, besides using in production, it is used in the entertainment such as Horse racing and so on. Horse not only means each aspect of life, but also refers to human. But in Chinese culture, horse symbols talents instead ordinary people, so people is very easy to misunderstand the meaning of the digital word. Hence here, “Bayard of ten toes” refers to people, it means walking. In Chinese, “坐11路车”also means walking. That is because the two horse feet looks like the Arabic digital word “11”. As a result, it is called jokingly as “take 11 road”, namely “on foot”. Perhaps it embodies the imagined thinking which nations are good at. Moreover, 60 mean getting victory dangerously. (60 is the passing line); 1839 mean that we should resist the drugs with national spirit. (1839年林则徐虎门销烟)； 10% refers to strong and powerful. (10% is the arising maximum in stock). 200 mean Zoo. (200 are similar to Zoo in English). In addition, the digital word “1”and the English letter “I” both mean “me”, which is alike “1”in“771”. “1” is impossible to be read as “me”, only can be understand as “I”. 386 refer to low IQ and low response that just like 386 CPU with low operation. These figures of speech reflect beautiful language、aesthetic wisdom which Chinese nations specially have and flexibly using of the digital word 、accurately convey the meaning and make the language produced sense of beauty. Such as, what you said equals to log1. “log1”in mathematics means logarithm, the value of it is equivalent to zero. So it means that somebody speak in vain.1.3 Euphemism In unchanging the original meaning premise, the purpose of the euphemism is to avoid the stimulation and vague meaning with using the expression containing digital word and get the rhetoric effect of euphemism. English nations usually not speak directly “WC” as “lavatory”, but use a euphemism. And there are people using the “fourth” to express it in England. It is said that the idiom is from a joke of Cambridge University in 18s. At that time, the regular activities of college students in 5娄底职业技术学院毕业论文 1.The rhetoric feature of English digital wordthe morning are divided into 4 parts as follows: (1)go to church (2)take breakfast (3)have smoking (4)go to toilet . Thereafter, the idiom of “go to the fourth” is spread as a euphemism for “厕所”. There is a more popular wording of “number one” and “number two” among American children. Chinese girls also say like “NO.1 or No.2”used to refer “go to have a convenience”. The pragmatic function of euphemism is also embodied in polity. For example, “Third world” refers indirectly “developing country”. Recently, “the fourth world” has been pushed in western country, which specially refers to those very poor or backward country or area. “Third position” means a political stand which is neither capitalism, nor communism. “Third estate” refers to the third level. In English opinion, “3” is a digital word with rich implications. The god is regarded as the trinity. In addition to call The Holy Ghost as “Third person”, the idioms including the digital “3” can be used to refer other kinds of people. For instance, the original meaning of “three-dollar bill” is “三美元钞票”, but there is no such kind of bill with the value of the version in American. Therefore, it is referred the people with odd behavior. “Three-letter man” refers to delicate female with woman flavors. “three-time loser” is from two criminal prisoners in American. Namely somebody must be condemned death sentence or life sentence, if one makes crime again. The phrase is used to refer offender. “A third ear” means whistleblowers. “The third sex” is the generic terms of homosexuality. In Chinese, “Three hands” refers to thieves. Many taboo languages can be expressed by euphemism in daily life. In telecommunicates and journals, “30”is frequently used in the end of the number to express the meaning of ending or finishing and so on. Therefore, the digital word -“30” or the literal one-“thirty” both are used to refer death indirectly. Besides the word such as “hostess、night-hawk、sister- of-mercy、street-girl、street-walk、call-girl、town-woman、sex-worker、sex-servant and so on” is used to express prostitutes, there are popular digital idioms like “a forty-four” in western country. Similar sayings as follows: “a two-by-four” means porn magazines. “eight-six” means drunkenness. The saying that “Go fifty-fifty” means going halves. “Four eyes” mean people who wear glasses. “Five fingers” means picking pocket and thieves. “The fifth wheel” the original meaning is the spare wheel of the car, but 6娄底职业技术学院毕业论文 1.The rhetoric feature of English digital wordthe implication is redundant persons or things. People change the cabin level of some airlines into other expressions. Such as follows, first-class instead deluxe class or premium class. And then, second-class instead first-class, third class instead business class or tourist class. At the same time, the name corrupting the customers dignity such as the second-class or the third-class is avoided in hotels hierarchies which are read separately as deluxe、first-class、standard and private. In Chinese, “thirteen” has the meaning of abnormal and crazy. People always count from one to twelve when look the watch. If there is someone counting thirteen in public, someone will be laughed at. Here the meaning is the euphemism of stupid and crazy. At the same time, “250” is the euphemism of foolish, which is originated from coins circulation in Ancient Chinese. In the old period, five hundred is counted as an envelope. If somebody own half of an envelope, one will be named as half crazy. Namely, in Chinese(疯 is the homophonic of 封). Therefore, the euphemism saying is spread from generation to generation. In Chinese, the third party is usually used to refer indirectly “an affair” “involvement” and so on. For instance, the digital word of 419(一夜情) often can be seen in the network levying friends, which is originate from the English phrase of “for one night”. The pronunciation of each word is the same as the digital word of “four、one、nine”. “for one night” is translated as Chinese(一夜情or 一夜性). It is not only three ordinary numbers, but given a new definition. In addition, if “419”is reversed “914”, it means only once、one trade、one night and the like. The saying is most used in net chatting, especially the online chat-rooms. According to the meaning, people conduct April 19th per year as “一夜情节”.Take for another example, 423 means the coming of hope (the date of April 23.2008 is that the stamp taxes go to drop and the stock market go up sharply). 918, beyond that national disgrace, represent helping somebody or cheering and so on (the date of September 18.2008 is that the stamp taxes go to drop and the stock market go up again). Try to give example; there is another euphemism to express “five fingers”, which refers to thieves. It is the reason that a film called five fingers states a story of a big spy and a thief, which is a very popular one in 1950 after. The idiom of “Five fingers” is produced from its connotation. As everyone knows, “five fingers” is a pronoun for the 7娄底职业技术学院毕业论文 1.The rhetoric feature of English digital wordthief in Chinese. there is a very creative word “鑫” read as “P” in Chinese, which is commonly referred as pickpocket, namely means the person stealing others money. 1.4 MetaphorsTalking about the usage of the digital metaphor, the meaning of the digital word will be expressed differently, if the things used to analogize are diverse. For example; at sixes and sevens(乱七八糟)， one after and another(接二连三)， once bit twice shy(一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳)， A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit(吃一堑，长一智) and so on. Such as; one foot in the grave(半截入土)，the idiom is usually translated directly as “one foot has been buried in the grave” . It is clear that the implication refers not far from death and short-life with humor colors. At first, the phrase is connected with Chiron, a Mythical figure in ancient Greece, who is a god ferrying from Hades fiver to the nether world in Greece tale. Therefore, “with one foot in Chirons ferryboat” is understood as todays digital idiom “one foot in the gr