14年【第1部分】三大从句.doc

三大从句从句可分为定语从句、状语从句和名词性从句，它们是中学阶段的重要语法项目，其引导词的选择既是高考必考点，又是同学们学习与复习的一大难点。定语从句是形容词性从句，相当于形容词的用法，其功能是修饰先行词，对其性质、特征进行描述，先行词在定语从句中一般充当主语、宾语、表语、定语或状语等。状语从句是副词性从句，相当于副词的用法，其功能是在复合句中作状语。根据状语从句的含义，状语从句一般可以充当时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，一般在句子中充当主语、表语、宾语或同位语。 INCLUDEPICTURE ././././Application%20Data/Microsoft/Word/STARTUP/INIS/高考命题的8大热点.TIF * MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE ././././Application%20Data/Microsoft/Word/STARTUP/INIS/热点一.tif * MERGEFORMAT 定语从句中which的考查 INCLUDEPICTURE ././././Application%20Data/Microsoft/Word/STARTUP/INIS/高考感悟.TIF * MERGEFORMAT 1The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China, _ he remembers starting as early as his childhood.Awhere BwhichCwhat Dwhen解析：选B考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，“_ he remembers starting as early as his childhood”为定语从句，先行词是passion，且空处在从句中作宾语，因此选which。2Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, _ made one of the Chinese peoples longheld dreams come true.Ait BthatCwhat Dwhich解析：选D考查定语从句。句意：莫言获得了2012年诺贝尔文学奖，这使得中国人民很久以来的一个梦想得以实现。此处为非限制性定语从句，修饰整个主句。it和what不能引导定语从句，可排除；that不能用于引导非限制性定语从句。 INCLUDEPICTURE ././././Application%20Data/Microsoft/Word/STARTUP/INIS/规律总结.TIF * MERGEFORMAT which既可引导限制性定语从句也可引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，高考中的考查重点是which在非限制性定语从句中的应用。which引导非限制性定语从句时，常代指整个主句。We hope the measures to control house prices, which are taken by the government, will succeed.我们希望政府采取的控制房价的措施会成功。 INCLUDEPICTURE ././././Application%20Data/Microsoft/Word/STARTUP/INIS/热点二.tif * MERGEFORMAT 定语从句中where的考查 INCLUDEPICTURE ././././Application%20Data/Microsoft/Word/STARTUP/INIS/高考感悟.TIF * MERGEFORMAT 1When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house _ I would be staying.Awhat BwhenCwhere Dwhich解析：选C考查定语从句。句意：当我到达时，布莱恩带我去看了我即将居住的房子。分析句子结构可知，此处为定语从句，从句中缺少地点状语，应用关系副词where来引导。2He wrote a letter _ he explained what had happened in the accident.Awhat BwhichCwhere Dhow解析：选C考查定语从句。句意：他写了一封信，在信中他解释了在那起事故中发生了什么。分析句子成分可知，空处引导定语从句，a letter是先行词，且关系词在从句中作地点状语，故用where引导。where在这里相当于in which。3Sales director is a position _ communication ability is just as important as sales.Awhich BthatCwhen Dwhere解析：选D考查定语从句的关系词。分析句子结构可知，此处为定语从句。position是先行词，定语从句中缺少地点状语，故用关系副词where。 INCLUDEPICTURE ././././Application%20Data/Microsoft/Word/STARTUP/INIS/规律总结.TIF * MERGEFORMAT where引导定语从句时，在从句中作状语，主要有以下两种情况：(1)表示具体的地点Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet where life has developed gradually.史蒂芬霍金认为，地球可能不是唯一有生命进化的行星。(2)表示模糊的地点和抽象意义的地点(常见的先行词有race, job, activity, case, situation, point, position, stage, degree等)，但这些词在从句中作主语或宾语时用that/which。They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.(作状语)他们已经到了必须分手的地步。Remember that there is still one point which we must make clear at the conference tomorrow.(作宾语)记住在明天的会议上我们还有一点必须弄清楚。 INCLUDEPICTURE ././././Application%20Data/Microsoft/Word/STARTUP/INIS/热点三.tif * MERGEFORMAT 名词性从句中what的考查 INCLUDEPICTURE ././././Application%20Data/Microsoft/Word/STARTUP/INIS/高考感悟.TIF * MERGEFORMAT 1Police have found _ appears to be the lost ancient statue.Awhich BwhereChow Dwhat解析：选D考查名词性从句。句意：警察找到的东西似乎是那尊丢失的古代雕像。分析句子成分可知，空处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作主语，故用what。2_ makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.AThat BWhatCWho DWhich解析：选B考查主语从句。句意：让这本书如此非凡的是作者创造性的想象力。所填词引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语，故选B。 INCLUDEPICTURE ././././Application%20Data/Microsoft/Word/STARTUP/INIS/规律总结.TIF * MERGEFORMAT what引导名词性从句时表示“所有的事物/东西，凡是的事物”，充当从句的主语、宾语、表语或定语。The message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite of what others actually understand.(what在从句中作宾语)(2011上海高考)你想用语言所传达的信息可能与他人所理解的恰恰相反。Making mistakes is a part of life. What matters is what you do afterwards.犯错误是在所难免的。重要的是你事后如何去应对。 INCLUDEPICTURE ././././Application%20Data/Microsoft/Word/STARTUP/INIS/热点四.tif * MERGEFORMAT 名词性从句中that的考查 INCLUDEPICTURE ././././Application%20Data/Microsoft/Word/STARTUP/INIS/高考感悟.TIF * MERGEFORMAT 1Its good to know _ the dogs will be well cared for while were away.Awhat BwhoseCwhich Dthat解析：选D考查宾语从句。句意：得知我们离开时狗会得到很好的照顾真高兴。分析句子成分可知，所填词引导宾语从句，而且在从句中不作任何句子成分，故选D。2Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt _ he could have expressed it differently.Awhy BhowCthat Dwhether解析：选C 考查宾语从句。句意：Jerry不后悔给出评论，但是觉得自己本来可以用不同的方式来表达。that he could have expressed it differently是由that引导的宾语从句，作felt的宾语。that在从句中不作成分。 INCLUDEPICTURE ././././Application%20Data/Microsoft/Word/STARTUP/INIS/规律总结.TIF * MERGEFORMAT that引导名词性从句时，没有词义，不作句子的任何成分，只起连接词的作用。Experts believe that people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary. 专家认为可以通过只有需要食物时才购物这一方法减少食物的浪费。 INCLUDEPICTURE ././././Application%20Data/Microsoft/Word/STARTUP/INIS/热点五.tif * MERGEFORMAT 名词性从句中whether的考查 INCLUDEPICTURE ././././Application%20Data/Microsoft/Word/STARTUP/INIS/高考感悟.TIF * MERGEFORMAT 1It remains to be seen _ the newly formed committees policy can be put into practice.Athat BwhichCwhat Dwhether解析：选D考查主语从句。句意：这个新形成的委员会的政策能否实施还有待观察。分析句子结构可知，It作形式主语，而真正的主语是后面的从句“_ the newly formed committees policy can be put into practice”；再根据句意来判断，此处表示“是否”的意思。故选D。2The limits of a persons intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but_ he reaches these limits will depend on his environment.Awhere BwhetherCthat Dwhy解析：选B考查主语从句的引导词。句意：一个人的智力极限，通常来说，出生时就已经定型了，但他是否能够达到这些极限则取决于他的生活环境。根据“depend on”可知，主语从句“ _ he reaches these limits”中含有不确定因素，故用whether，选B。 INCLUDEPICTURE ././././Application%20Data/Microsoft/Word/STARTUP/INIS/规律总结.TIF * MERGEFORMAT whether为连词，在从句中不作任何成分，意为“是否”。It doesnt matter whether you pay by cash or credit card in this store.在这家商店，你是用现金还是信用卡支付都没有关系。 INCLUDEPICTURE ././././Application%20Data/Microsoft/Word/STARTUP/INIS/热点六.tif * MERGEFORMAT 让步状语从句的考查 INCLUDEPICTURE ././././Application%20Data/Microsoft/Word/STARTUP/INIS/高考感悟.TIF * MERGEFORMAT 1In the global economy, a new drug for cancer, _ it is discovered, will create many economic possibilities around the world.Awhatever BwhoeverCwherever Dwhichever解析：选C考查状语从句。分析句子结构可知，“_ it is discovered”为状语从句，空处在从句中作地点状语，因此选wherever“无论在哪里”，引导让步状语从句。2One can always manage to do more things, no matter _ full ones schedule is in life.Ahow BwhatCwhen Dwhere解析：选A考查状语从句。句意：一个人不论他生活中的日程有多么满，总是能设法做更多的事情。空后面的full是形容词，所以应该用how修饰，no matter how引导让步状语从句。3He is so busy. He cannot afford enough time with his son _ he wants to.Aeven if Bas ifCbecause Dbefore解析：选A考查状语从句。句意：他很忙。即使他想陪他的儿子也没有足够的时间。even if引导让步状语从句；as if引导方式状语从句；because引导原因状语从句；before引导时间状语从句。4I dont believe weve met before，_ I must say you do look familiar.Atherefore BalthoughCsince Dunless解析：选B考查连词。句意：虽然我必须要说你看起来很眼熟，但我不相信我们之前见过。前后两分句间为转折关系，故选although (虽然，尽管)。 INCLUDEPICTURE ././././Application%20Data/Microsoft/Word/STARTUP/INIS/规律总结.TIF * MERGEFORMAT 让步状语从句的常用连词有 although, though, even if, even though, as (从句需要倒装), while (一般置于句首), no matter 疑问词， 疑问词ever。While I always felt I would pass the exam, I never thought I would get an A尽管我一直觉得自己能通过考试，但是我从未想到会得A。However serious a problem you may have, you should gather your courage to face the challenge.不论你的问题有多严重，你都应该鼓起勇气，接受挑战。 INCLUDEPICTURE ././././Application%20Data/Microsoft/Word/STARTUP/INIS/热点七.tif * MERGEFORMAT 时间状语从句的考查 INCLUDEPICTURE ././././Application%20Data/Microsoft/Word/STARTUP/INIS/高考感悟.TIF * MERGEFORMAT 1Its much easier to make friends _ you have similar interests.Aunless BwhenCeven though Dso that解析：选B考查状语从句的连接词。句意：当你们有相似的兴趣爱好时，你们会更容易成为朋友。本题需要根据句意和前后两个句子之间的逻辑关系来判断使用哪个关联词。unless“除非”，表示条件；when表示时间，有时也表示条件；even though“即使”，表示让步；so that“以便，因此”，表示目的或结果。2As is reported, it is 100 years_Qinghua University was founded.Awhen BbeforeCafter Dsince解析：选D考查状语从句。since conj. “自以来，从以后”，引导时间状语从句。句意：据报道，自清华大学建立以来已有一百年了。It is一段时间since从句表示“自从以来已有多长时间了”。3.One Friday, we were packing to leave for a weekend away my daughter heard cries for help.A.after B.whileC.since D.when解析：选D考查连词辨析。语意表示我们正在收拾行李，这时我的女儿听到求救的呼喊。be doing.when.表示“正在做某事，这时（突然）”，是常用结构，故选D项。1when引导时间状语从句，意为“正在这时”，表示某件事正发生或刚刚发生时，突然发生另一动作。when构成的相关句型如下：eq blcrc (avs4alco1(be about to do .when .正要做某事这时,be doing .when .正在做某事这时,be on the point of doing .when .,正在做某事这时,had just done .when .刚做完某事这时)Tom was about to close the window when his attention was caught by a bird.汤姆正要关窗户，这时他的注意力被一只鸟吸引住了。2下列结构表示“一就”：as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute, the instant, no sooner .than ., hardly/scarcely .when .The moment I heard the voice，I knew father was coming.我一听到那个声音就知道父亲来了。He had no sooner finished his speech than the students started cheering.(2011辽宁高考)No sooner had he finished his speech than the students started cheering.他刚完成演讲学生们就开始欢呼起来。3before(1)表示“还未就；不到就；才；趁；还没来得及就”。The girl had hardly rung the bell before the door was opened suddenly, and her friend rushed out to greet her.小女孩还没来得及按门铃，门就突然开了，并且她的朋友冲出来问候她。(2)It was一段时间before .“过了多久才”It will be一段时间before .“再过多久之后才”。It will be half a year before I come back.还得再过半年我才能回来。 INCLUDEPICTURE ././././Application%20Data/Microsoft/Word/STARTUP/INIS/热点八.tif * MERGEFORMAT 条件状语从句的考查 INCLUDEPICTURE ././././Application%20Data/Microsoft/Word/STARTUP/INIS/高考感悟.TIF * MERGEFORMAT 1She says that shell have to close the shop _ business improves.Aif BunlessCafter Dwhen解析：选B考查状语从句。句意：她说她将不得不关掉商店，除非生意好转。根据句意可知选B项。2_ we have enough evidence, we cant win the case.AOnce BAs long asCUnless DSince解析：选C考查状语从句。句意：除非有足够的证据，否则我们就不能胜诉。unless“除非”；once“一旦”；as long as“只要”；since“既然”。根据句意可知C项正确。3Ones life has value _ one brings value to the life of others.Aso that Bno matter howCas long as Dexcept that解析：选C考查连词。句意：只要一个人给别人的生活带来价值，那么他的生命就有价值。as long as意为“只要”，符合句意。so that意为“以便，结果”；no matter how意为“不管怎样”；except that意为“除了”。 INCLUDEPICTURE ././././Application%20Data/Microsoft/Word/STARTUP/INIS/规律总结.TIF * MERGEFORMAT 条件状语从句的常用连词有if, unless, as/so long as(只要), only if(位于句首主句要倒装), in case, on condition that等。Once they decide which college to go to, students should research the admission procedures.学生一旦决定上哪所大学，他们就应该了解一下入学手续。 INCLUDEPICTURE ././././Application%20Data/Microsoft/Word/STARTUP/INIS/应用落实体验半栏.TIF * MERGEFORMAT 1Mr.Green is a man with rich experience, _， obviously, makes others respect him.Awhat BthatCwhich Dwho解析：选C考查定语从句。句意：格林先生是一个有着丰富经验的人，这很明显会使他受到别人的尊敬。此处引导词引导非限制性定语从句且在从句中作主语，先行词为 rich experience，故选C。2He came to a point _ there was no more road to follow, and before him he could see nothing but a thick forest.Awhere BwhatCwhich Dthat解析：选A考查定语从句。句意：他到达了一个地方，那里没有什么路可走，在他面前只有浓密的森林。point后为定语从句，引导词在从句中作地点状语，故用where。3What do you think of the new iPhone 5 your mother bought for you?Wonderful! Thats exactly _ I wanted.Awhy BwhichCthat Dwhat解析：选D考查表语从句。句意：“你认为你的母亲给你买的iPhone 5如何？”“好极了！那就是我想要的。”此处引导词引导表语从句且在从句中作宾语，故用what。4There is no doubt _ those working hard can pass the exam easily.Awhether BifCthat Dwhat解析：选C考查同位语从句。句意：毫无疑问，那些努力学习的人会很容易就通过考试。There is no doubt that .为固定句式，其中that引导的从句作doubt的同位语。5 _ a new library is to be built has not been decided yet, because the project will cost a lot of money.AThat BWhetherCWhere DHow解析：选B考查主语从句。句意：新的图书馆是否修建还未确定下来，因为这项工程要花费大量金钱。此处用whether引导主语从句，表示“是否”。6_ the activities might seem childish, in reality they require a lot of strength and determination.AWhen BAsCWhile DOnce解析：选C句意：尽管这些活动可能看起来有些孩子气，但是事实上他们需要很多力量和毅力。此处用while引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管，虽然”。7Susan came to the party yesterday, but it was already half past eight _ she turned up.Athat BbeforeCuntil Dwhen解析：选D句意：苏珊昨天来参加了宴会，但她出现时已经8点半了。此处由when引导时间状语从句。8You may join the other kids in the summer camp _ you promise to make full use of it.Aas long as Bas ifCeven if Deven though解析：选A句意：只要你保证充分利用夏令营，就可以和其他孩子们一起参加。此处用as long as引导条件状语从句，意为“只要”。9The question _ you should take this medicine should be decided by your family doctor.Awhy BwhetherCif Dthat解析：选B句意：你是否应该服用这种药应该由你的家庭医生来决定。此处用whether引导同位语从句，表示“是否”。10I was buried in reading Pride and Prejudice the whole day. Its ages _ I enjoyed myself so much.Aafter BbeforeCwhen Dsince解析：选D句意：我整天都在读傲慢与偏见，我已经有好几年没有这么快乐了。此处由since引导时间状语从句，根据句意选D。 INCLUDEPICTURE ././././Application%20Data/Microsoft/Word/STARTUP/INIS/14组易混点比较.TIF * MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE ././././Application%20Data/Microsoft/Word/STARTUP/INIS/一.tif * MERGEFORMAT 定语从句与同位语从句的比较 INCLUDEPICTURE ././././Application%20Data/Microsoft/Word/STARTUP/INIS/高考感悟.TIF * MERGEFORMAT The notice came around two in the afternoon_ the meeting would be postponed.Awhen BthatCwhether Dhow解析：选B考查同位语从句。分析句子成分可知，“_ the meeting would be postponed”是同位语从句，解释说明notice的具体内容，从句句意完整，且不缺少成分，所以用that引导。 INCLUDEPICTURE ././././Application%20Data/Microsoft/Word/STARTUP/INIS/规律总结.TIF * MERGEFORMAT 判断是定语从句还是同位语从句可以用“加词”的方法，即在名词和从句之间加入一个be动词，如果句子意思成立，则是同位语从句，否则，则是定语从句。试比较：The notice that meeting had to be put off was true.(同位语从句)The notice was that the meeting had to be put off.The notice that he read just now was true.(定语从句) INCLUDEPICTURE ././././Application%20Data/Microsoft/Word/STARTUP/INIS/二.tif * MERGEFORMAT 定语从句与状语从句的比较 INCLUDEPICTURE ././././Application%20Data/Microsoft/Word/STARTUP/INIS/高考感悟.TIF * MERGEFORMAT 1Many countries are now setting up national parks _ animals and plants can be protected.Awhen BwhichCwhose Dwhere解析：选D考查定语从句。句意：许多国家现在正在建立国家公园，动植物可以在这里得到保护。where animals and plants can be protected是定语从句，修饰先行词national parks，关系副词where在从句中作地点状语。2Everything was placed exactly _ he wanted it for the graduation ceremony.Awhile BwhenCwhere Dthough解析：选C考查状语从句。句意：在毕业典礼上，一切东西都放在他想放的位置。此处where引导地点状语从句。 INCLUDEPICTURE ././././Application%20Data/Microsoft/Word/STARTUP/INIS/规律总结.TIF * MERGEFORMAT 当涉及“地点”时，判断是定语从句还是状语从句的依据：看句中是否有先行词。试比较：Please make a mark where you dont understand while reading.(地点状语从句)Please make a mark in the place where you dont understand while reading.(定语从句，在句中作定语修饰先行词the place) INCLUDEPICTURE ././././Application%20Data/Microsoft/Word/STARTUP/INIS/三.tif * MERGEFORMAT 定语从句与并列句的比较 INCLUDEPICTURE ././././Application%20Data/Microsoft/Word/STARTUP/INIS/高考感悟.TIF * MERGEFORMAT John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of _ are family members.Athem BthatCwhich Dwhom解析：选D考查定语从句。句意：约翰邀请了大约四十个人参加他的婚礼，其中大部分是家庭成员。该定语从句的先行词指人，且“most of _”在从句中充当主语，空处位于介词后，故用关系代词whom引导。 INCLUDEPICTURE ././././Application%20Data/Microsoft/Word/STARTUP/INIS/规律总结.TIF * MERGEFORMAT 区分定语从句与并列句，要注意句中的标点符号和连接词。如果句与句之间有并列连词and，but或者分号，则是并列句；如果是逗号，且逗号后的内容是对前面内容的补充说明，则是非限制性定语从句，应该使用关系词。试比较：She brought with her three friends, none of whom I had ever met before.(定语从句)She brought with her three friends, and none of them I had ever met before.(并列句) INCLUDEPICTURE ././././Application%20Data/Microsoft/Word/STARTUP/INIS/四.tif * MERGEFORMAT 定语从句与强调句的比较 INCLUDEPICTURE ././././Application%20Data/Microsoft/Word/STARTUP/INIS/高考感悟.TIF * MERGEFORMAT 1It was with the help of the local guide _ the mountain climber was rescued.Awho BthatCwhen Dhow解析：选B考查强调句。句意：在当地导游的帮助下，这个登山运动员才得以获救。强调句的基本结构为：It is/was被强调部分that/who .2Its helpful to put children in a situation_they can see themselves differently.Athat BwhenCwhich Dwhere解析：选D考查定语从句。先行词为situation，condition，state，point，case等时，且引导词在定语从句中作地点状语，此时常用where引导定语从句。 INC