电大本科高级英语(2)unit 01

高级英语（2）,Unit 1A fresh start江西电大 胡江萍2012年7月23日,Content：,. Grammar and listening(3-25). Text：Life Changing Days (2631). Reading and listening(3246). Grammar(4761). Vocabulary and speaking(6271). Speaking and Listening (72-79). Writing(80-96),. Grammar and listening:（1）,Warm-up topics: 1、 Look at the photos. How different are the two people? Talk about them using the adjectives in the following：appearance: sporty, cute, untidy, slim, plain, sloppy, well-groomed clothes: professional, casual, smart, trendy, scruffy, unfashionable, elegant personality: good-natured, serious, ambitious, fun-loving, self-conscious, reserved, outgoing,. Grammar and listening:（2）,Read about Colin and complete the texts with possible time expressions ：Before：1）_In_ May, Colin was studying business administration at college. He was outgoing with a laid-back attitude to life and a motorbike and clothes to match. He 2） _always_ dressed casually, with a black leather bikers jacket being the number one item in his wardrobe. He hadnt been to the hairdressers （3） _for_ two years, and because of his hectic social life in the house he shared with college friends, hed stopped playing football and wasnt feeling very fit.,. Grammar and listening:（3）,After - six months later: Colins worked for a large company (4) _for_ three months and has changed dramatically both in terms of his appearance and personality. Hes bought some smart clothes and is sporting a new hairstyle to go with his new professional look. He doesnt go out very (5）_often_ but hes been working out a lot （6） _since_ he graduated, and the effects are already beginning to show. He（7）_still_ shares a flat with a friend but is thinking of buying his own. He sold his motorbike two months （8）ago_ and bought a small car - but he still loves his bikers jacket.,. Grammar and listening:（4）,Language notes:1. He was outgoing with a laid-back attitude to life and a motorbike and clothes to match.这里是说科 林以前过的是一种懒散的生活。laid-back 用来描述 人的生活态度，意思是懒散的，悠闲自在的。 后面的a motorbike and clothes to match 省略了主谓 语。完整的句子是He had a motorbike and clothes to match the laid-back attitude to life.,. Grammar and listening:（5）,2. Colins worked for a large company for three months and has changed dramatically both in terms of his appearance and personality. in terms of: 就而论；在方面 如：In terms of money, hes quite rich, but not in terms of happiness. 句意：科林为一家大公司工作 3个月了，他 在外表和性格两方面有了很大变化。,. Grammar and listening:（6）,3. Hes bought some smart clothes and is sporting a new hairstyle to go with his new professional look. to go with： 与相配 如：Do you think this hat would go with my new dress? sport：这里用作动词，表示“夸 张炫耀地穿 戴”。 如：She showed up at the party sporting a bright red hat.,. Grammar and listening:（7）,3. Find an example for each meaning of these tenses in the texts about Colin. 一般现在时: 1. 习惯和日常行为: He doesnt go out very often. 2. 客观存在或现时存在的状态: He still shares a flat with a friend. 3. 经常存在的状态: He still loves his bikers jacket.,. Grammar and listening:（8）,现在进行时 :1 . 正在进行的动作: 2. 一直或反复发生的行为: He is thinking of buying his own flat. He is sporting a new hairstyle. 3. 变化和发展: The effects are beginning to show.,. Grammar and listening:（9）,一般过去时: 发生在过去的动作: He always dressed casually.He sold his motorbike two months ago.,. Grammar and listening:（10）,过去进行时: 1. 过去某个时间段内进行的动作: Last May, Colin was studying business administration. 2. 和过去某个动作同时进行的动作或行为: -,. Grammar and listening:（11）,现在完成时: 1. 从过去一直持续到现在的动作或状态: Colins worked for a large company for three months. 2. 过去已经完成但对现在还有影响的动作: Hes bought some smart clothes.,. Grammar and listening:（12）,现在完成进行时 :强调从过去一直持续到现在的动作的持续性: Hes been working out a lot.,. Grammar and listening:（13）,过去完成时: 在过去已经完成的动作中较早发生的那一个: He hadnt been to the hairdressers for two years. Hed stopped playing football.,. Grammar and listening:（14）,4. Look at these sentences. In which can the Present Perfect Continuous replace the Present Perfect? Why? 1. Colin has always wanted to work in business. 2. Colin has worked for a large company for three months. 3. Colin has been with the company for three months. Keys: In sentence 2 because work is an action that began in the past and still continues. 1 and 3 are both states.,. Grammar and listening:（15）,5. Match sentences a and b to the sentences above them. Explain your decisions. 1. I was getting up when I heard a crash. 2. I got up when I heard a crash. a The noise woke me up. b Id just turned the alarm clock off. keys: 1b 2-a,. Grammar and listening:（16）,3. We lived in London for five years. 4 Weve lived in London for five years. a. But then we left and came to live here. b But were thinking of moving now. Keys: 3-a 4-b,. Grammar and listening:（17）,5. Shes seen him twice recently. 6. Shes been seeing him a lot recently. a. Their relationship is getting serious. b. Once in a club, and the second time in a shop. keys: 5-b 6-a,. Grammar and listening:（18）,7. The concert started when we arrived. 8. The concert had started when we arrived. CSo we didnt miss anything. b So we missed the first part. keys:7-a 8-b,. Grammar and listening:（19）,6 Complete the text with the best forms of the verbs in brackets. Its been the worst day of my life. Everything went wrong from the start. First I woke up late because I _had set_ (set) my alarm clock for 7p.m. instead of 7a.m. When I ran out of the house, it _was raining_ (rain) hard and I _didnt have_ (not have) an umbrella. I finally arrived at the office, very wet and thirty minutes late. My boss _was standing_ (stand) by my desk. What have you been doing_ (do), Smith? Swimming? he said. I apologised and sat down. Things went from bad to worse. First I _broke_ (break) the photocopier and then came back late from lunch because I got lost. We _arent doing_(not do) very well, are we, Smith? said my boss. Then I crashed the office computer system. That was it. My boss _appeared_(appear) and said: You _havent made_ (not make) a very good start, Smith. I _dont think_ (not think) this is the right place for you. That was the end of my first day in my first job. Back to the Job Centre tomorrow.,. Grammar and listening:（20）,7. Listen to two conversations about Colin and answer the questions. Who are the people and whats their relationship to Colin? 2) Who is/isnt impressed by Colins appearance? Why?3) Why do they think he has changed? 4 )Whose opinion do you agree with more? Why?,. Grammar and listening:（21）,Keys:1. work colleagues; old friends 2. Kate likes his look, Jane does not; Jack thinks he looks fitter, Dave is not impressed with his new look.3. He was putting on weight, he was finding it difficult to find a job.,. Grammar and listening:（22）,8. Listen to a conversation between Colin and his friends, Jack and Dave. Correct five facts in the summary and complete the last sentence. After Dave had called him, Colin met his two old friends and explained why hed changed his look. Hed been for a job interview the week before, and later, had heard the three interviewers talking about him in a caf. One of the women was criticising his hairstyle. But that wasnt what made him change his appearance. It was because ,. Grammar and listening:(23),Keys:1. Jack called him. 2. The job interview was a month before. 3. There were two interviewers. 4. They were men.5. He was critising his jacket. It was because he had seen himself in a CCTV camera and thought he looked like a loser.,. Text :Life Changing Days(1),Language notes:1. Life Changing Days:这篇文章是由几个广告组成。,. Text :Life Changing Days(2),2. If you want to have a thrilling adventure, explore a new direction or learn new skills with the help of the experts, why not try one of our Life Changing Days? why not try, Go to. 广告中常采用图片或文字 等劝说性的语言来吸引人 们的注意。 explore:探究,探索 with the help of: 在帮助下,. Text :Life Changing Days(3),3. He also gives advice about performing live, music publishing, PR and marketing. live这里指“现场表 演”。如：live music performance现场音乐表演。PR 是Public Relations的缩写，意思是公共关系。,. Text :Life Changing Days(4),4. Get key advice about clothes that flatter your shape and colours that suit you. flatter：v. 常用来表示 (相片,画 等的形象)比(真人,实 物)好看”。如： This photo flatters him. 这张照片比他本 人漂亮。 此句可译为：获取关键的意见是穿什么样的衣服可以使 你的体形比原来更好看以及什么颜色适合 你。,. Text :Life Changing Days(5),The Chopper Experience. Chopper： 是一个俚语，是“直升飞机”的意 思。对应的正式表达就是文中稍 后出现的helicopter。,. Text :Life Changing Days(6),the flight counts towards a helicopter pilots licence. count towards：这里意思是“计入，算在 内“。 这句话的意思是：练习部分的飞行计入取得 直升飞机驾 驶员执照所需的 飞行里程。,. Reading and Listening (1),Read the text of Life Changing Days again, Look at the layout, headings and photos and answer the following questions: 1. What kind of text is it, eg an article, an advert, a brochure? Why?2 What do you think it will be about?,. Reading and Listening (2),Keys:1. an advert it uses persuasive language such as why not try, Go to and photos that make it look interesting and exciting.2. Exciting adventures you can have.,. Reading and Listening (3),3. The sentences below begin each paragraph of the text. Guess what the paragraphs will be about.1) Have you ever dreamt of winning Pop Idol or writing a Top Ten hit?2) Would you like to fly like a bird? 3) Do you scream when you see a spider or faint if you see a snake? 4) Why not go on a mission and learn what it takes to be a secret agent? 5) Do you want to find a new look thats just right for you?,. Reading and Listening (4),4. Match two of the phrases in the box to each topic sentence in Exercise 3. What more can you say about each paragraph now? air traffic control flatter your shape demo CD phobia hands-on experience creepy crawly unarmed combat accessories performing live surveillance cameras,. Reading and Listening (5),Keys:air traffic control hands-on experience flatter your shape accessoriesdemo CD performing live phobia creepy crawly unarmed combat surveillance cameras,. Reading and Listening (6),5. Read the text and complete it with topic sentences from Exercise 3. How much did you guess about each paragraph? Keys:A-3; B-1; C-4; D-5; E-2,. Reading and Listening (7),6. Find acronyms 1-3 in the text. What do they stand for? Use the context and match them to a-c. 1 EMI a. a government intelligence agency 2 CAA b. an aviation association 3 MI5 c. a recording company keys: 1-c; 2-b; 3-a,. Reading and Listening (8),TRAIN YOUR BRAIN Reading skills: 阅读技巧 利用阅读技巧提高阅读效率： a 利用图片和标题确定文章类型，猜测文 章内容。b 通过主题句猜测文章大意。 c 通过上下文理解缩略语等文化信息，猜 测这些词语指,. Reading and Listening (9),7. Read Train Your Brain and decide how each point helps you to read more efficiently. Match the points to Exercises 2-6. Keys: A-2; b-3; c-6,. Reading and Listening (10),Language notes:1、She now has itchy feet. itchy feet：这个短语表达某人有去旅 行的强烈渴望。2、pay attention to: 注意， 重视3、 On the whole：总的看来;基本上,. Reading and Listening (11),8、Read the profiles. Use the advice in Train Your Brain and follow the instructions in points 1） and 2）. 1） Finish the topic sentences with your ideas and read them to the class. Decide whose sentence is the best and why. 2） Look at the acronyms in blue and guess what they refer to.,. Reading and Listening (12),Keys:1. Ginny is 21 and leads a busy and adventurous life. Hugos 20 and used to work behind the bar in a music club. 2. From the text, we know that IBM is a multinational and that the UN is an organisation which uses voluntary workers.,. Reading and Listening (13),9. Listen to the Profile. Ginny and Hugo each did a Life Changing Day. Use their profiles in Exercise 8 and discuss which ones they did. Think about the points below. Then listen and check. their strengths,weaknesses,skills,qualities, problems the coursesthey would enjoy and/orlearn from,. Reading and Listening (14),10. Listen again. Are the statements true (T), false (F) or is there no information (NI)?1. Ginny paid for the experience herself. 2. It was exactly how shed imagined it. 3. She was very good at handling the controls.4. Hugo went to live in Africa when he was five.5. He clearly remembers how he was traumatised. 6. He didnt overcome his fear immediately. keys:1-F; 2-NI; 3-NI; 4-F; 5-F; 6-T,. Reading and Listening (15),Think about these questions. 1.Which Life Changing Day would you like to do? Why? Think of four people you know well. Which experience would you recommend to each friend? Why?,. Grammar (1),1. Listen to three people talking about their family history. Complete the table.,. Grammar (2),2. Look at the title of the quiz and the photos. Think about the questions. What do you know about the eventsshown?When and where do you think they happened?,. Grammar (3),3. Complete the quiz with a/an, the or and choose the correct answers. Then listen and check. Millions of people throughout history have migrated from one country or continent to another and created the world we know today. how much do you know about them? Over forty percent of _the_ population of Argentina are _the_ descendants of _a_ immigrants from which country? a Italy b Spain c Portugal,. Grammar (4),2. British people who emigrated to Australia in the 1950s are called _ 10 poms. Pom stands for Prisoner of Her Majesty because the original eighteenth century immigrants had been_b_ a. servants of the Queen. b. transported convicts. c. sent by the Queen. 3. The Gold Rush in 1849 attracted 100,000 immigrants to _the_ state of a. Florida. B. Texas. C. California. 4. The largest Japanese population in _the_ world outside Japan lives in which city? a. San Francisco b. So Paulo c. Paris,. Grammar (5),5. In August 1620, the Pilgrim Fathers sailed from Plymouth, England to _the_ coast of North America, where they founded _the_ town of a Boston. b Plymouth. c New York. 6. In the eighteenth century, _a_ thief who stole _ bread or _an_ apple in England could be transported for life to which country? a. Australia b. Africa c. India 7. In the last few years, _ immigration to Britain has averaged how many people a year? a 35,000 b 158,000 c 250,000 8. The second largest Oktoberfest worldwide takes place in Blumenau, _a_ small city in the south of Brazil. The city was founded by immigrants from which country? a Hungary b Greece c Germany,. Grammar (6),Work it out Which article (a/an, the or zero article - ) do we use 1. when something is one of many? 2. when we mention something for the first time? 3. in general statements with a. plural countable nouns? b. uncountable nouns? 4. when we know which thing or person it is because a. it is mentioned for the second time? b. itis unique? c. it refers to something specific?,. Grammar (7),3. Look at the underlined phrases in sentences a-g and answer questions 1-4. A. But we still observe Polish customs at home. B. Life was very hard and over one million people left Ireland then. C. More than half of the population live in the capital, Buenos Aires. D. Mum was working in a local restaurant.E. The restaurant belonged to her family. F. I am a descendant of an Irish family.g. My grandmother is still the head of the family.,. Grammar (8),英语冠词的用法讲解英语中的冠词分为不定冠词和定冠词。 1.不定冠词的用法不定冠词有两个，a 和 an。a用在辅音开头的单词前面;an用于以元音开头的单词前。 如：a book, an apple。,. Grammar (9),2. 定冠词的用法1) 定冠词和名词连用，表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。2)定冠词用于某些名词或者形容词前，表示一类人，一 个民族，阶级或阶层。 3) 定冠词用于第二次出现的名词之前。4)定冠词用于指说话双方都知道的人或事。 5) 定冠词用于世界上独一无二的事物前。 6) 定冠词用于形容词和副词的最高级前面。 7)定冠词在play后和乐器连用, 如： play the piano弹钢琴 play the flute吹长笛,. Grammar (10),3.不用冠词的情况 1) 表示独一无二的职务、身份前一般不用冠词。 2) 表示球类、棋类的运动项目不加冠词。如： play football 踢足球 play chess下象棋3) 在一日三餐名词前不用冠词。4) 交通工具名词前不用冠词， 如：by car坐汽车 by ship 坐船 by plane坐飞机 on foot 步行5) 在一些地点的名词，如：bed, church, school, hosp