大一课后文本.doc

Unit11. What is friendship?What is friendship? Different people may have different opinions. But generally speaking, friendship means the feeling or relationship between friends. It involves affection and intimacy, and is based on warmth, trust and shared experience.2. The importance of friends.Friends are very important in our life. A friend will undoubtedly help us if we are in trouble, and a friend will patiently listen to us when we talk about our problems. Thats why people often say that share your joy with your friends, and your joy will double; pour your sorrow to your friends, and your sorrow will be reduced by half. 3. How to make friends and promote friendship?Dont try to win a friend with gifts only. The only way to have a friend is to be one. We should make friends with those who are kind-hearted, compassionate, caring, honest and thoughtful, because they are sincere and reliable. (to be continued)Sharing your joy and sorrow with your friends can nurture friendship and keep friendship alive; keeping your friends informed about yourself can improve friendship, and make friendship permanent; remembering important days in your friends lives can promote friendship and keep friendship fresh in our minds.Unit21.What do cultural differences mean?不同国家的人语言不同，价值观念不同， 看问题的角度也不同。这些不同之处通常被称作为文化差异。文化差异很细微，常常不被人们所察觉或会被忽视。看到别人言谈举止与我们不同会让我们不安。起初，我们也许会认为他们出了什么问题。 People from different cultural back-grounds may have different beliefs, religions, customs and habits. These differences are generally called cultural differences. Cultural differences are subtle and are often unrecognized or overlooked. It is upsetting to find people who behave differently from us. We may, at first, assume that something is wrong with them.2. How do cultural backgrounds influence peoples way of thinking?文化背景会影响人们的思维方式。首先，文化背景会影响人们对行为举止好与坏的判断。其次，它会影响人们对礼貌与粗鲁的认定。另外，它还会影响人们对准时与迟到的看法。例如，不同文化对赞扬的反应是不同的；有些文化认为当别人第一次给你东西时不要接受是比较礼貌的；在东方文化中目光的交流可以表示真诚和专注，而在西方文化中过多的目光交流会使人尴尬。Cultural backgrounds may influence peoples way of thinking. First, cultural background influences what people consider to be good manners or bad manners. Second, it influences what they consider to be polite or rude. Third, it influences what they consider to be on time or late. For example, different cultures may have different ways of responding to compliments; some cultures consider it polite not to take something the first time it is offered; eye contact may convey sincerity and attentiveness in some Oriental cultures but too much eye contact may embarrass people in some Western cultures. 3. What problems may be caused by our failure to recognize cultural differences? 不了解文化差异会引发许多问题。一方面不了解文化差异的人在与不同文化背景的生意伙伴交流时会有障碍。 另一方面不能识别文化差异会使相互之间难以理解。总之不了解文化差异会导致不同国家或种族的人之间在日常生活中产生许多误解和烦恼。Failure to recognize cultural differences may cause many problems. On the one hand, those who are uninformed about cultural differences may have difficulty communicating with their business associates from other cultures. On the other hand, inability to recognize cultural differences can make mutual understanding difficult. In a word, failure to recognize cultural differences lies at the root of many everyday misunderstandings and irritations among people of different countries or races.4. How can we deal with cultural differences?应对文化差异有许多方法。一方面尊重其它文化有助于我们避免冒犯他人。另一方面了解其它文化可以帮助我们避免误解他人。除此之外，让外国朋友了解你对时间的概念、守时的态度也不失为上策。只要我们注意这几个方面，就能解决由文化差异而产生的问题。There are many ways to deal with cultural differences. On the one hand, having respect for other cultures can help us avoid offending others. On the other hand, learning about other cultures can help us avoid misunderstandings. In addition, it is a good policy to let a foreign friend know our expectations with regard to time and punctuality. So long as we pay attention to these aspects, we can solve the problems caused by cultural differences. 5. What does “culture shock” mean?文化冲突是指在接触到与自身文化不同的文明时所产生的迷惑不解和不知所措。当你遇到另一种文化背景中截然不同的生活方式时，就会经历到文化冲击。在异国他乡当一些风俗使你措手不及时不要惊慌。你必须明白生活在不同文化背景之下的人用不同的方法处理日常生活中的许多小事。无论你打算在一个新地方逗留一周还是一年，事先多了解一些这个地方的情况将会受益匪浅。“Culture shock” means confusion and disorientation caused by contact with a civilization other than ones own. You will undergo culture shock when you encounter entirely different ways of life in another culture. Dont panic when some customs in a foreign country catch you off guard. You must understand that people living in varied cultures handle many small daily things differently. Whether you plan to stay for a week or for a year in a new place, youll benefit a lot from learning about the place before you go.6.How can we cope with culture shock?There are several things we can do to prevent or reduce the negative effects of culture shock. Before we enter a strange culture, we can learn about it and prepare ourselves for the new experience. When we are in the new culture, we should maintain an open attitude toward people and things, and try to adjust to the new environment. When we run into problems, we should not panic but keep calm, and try to get assistance from the natives. Finally, if we are going to have a long stay in the culture, we should make an effort to gradually blend in the new surroundings and make ourselves comfortable there.Unit 61. What is the general attitude toward wealth in our society?3. Do you think money can bring happiness? Why or why not?Unit 7 Anti-smoking1 Why do some young people pick up smoking? For one thing, they may have picked up smoking out of curiosity / because of peer pressure / because they thought it was cool; for another, the nicotine in tobacco can stimulate / energize the smokers for a brief period of time.一来他们是出于好奇或是来自同辈吸烟人的压力亦或是他们认为那样很酷,二来烟草中的尼古丁可以在短时间内刺激/兴奋他们这些吸烟者.2 How harmful is smoking to smokers?Smoking is harmful / damaging to ones health. Smoking is known as a fatal cause of lung cancer. You run a greater risk if you are a chain smoker/ if you smoke to excess / if you smoke 20 cigarettes a day. Smoking is also found to be related to / connected with / associated with / linked to other types of cancer. Studies show that cigarette smokers are much more likely to die from a heart attack than nonsmokers. So, Smoking is not only a waste of money but is also a danger to ones health. 吸烟有害健康.吸烟是肺癌的致命性诱因.如果你过量吸烟,你就很危险了.而且,吸烟也与其他类型癌症有关.研究表明吸烟者比不吸烟者更易死于心脏病突发.所以,吸烟不仅浪费金钱而且还对生命造成危险.Q3: Is smoking also harmful to nonsmokers? In what way?Smoking is dangerous not only to the smokers themselves but also to the non-smokers around them.Passive smoking / Inhaling (吸入) secondhand smoke can also cause lung cancer.Unit 8 Aging1 What does aging mean? How old are people considered elderly?Aging is the natural process of growing old . People over 65 years old are generally considered elderly / senior citizens. Aging is a decline in all areas of a persons mental and physical abilities.2 What should be the right attitude toward aging?Aging comes to everyone after they reach a certain age.No one gets any younger with each passing day. A