动词不定式教师版.doc

不 定 式一、不定式的用法1作主语 To see is to believe. It is right to give up smoking.（It是形式主语，不定式为真正主语）2作表语 My job is to teach English.3作宾语 He wanted to go. I find it hard to work with him. （It是形式宾语，不定式为真正宾语） We could do nothing but wait. We have no choice but to wait. cant choose but do, cant help but do, cant but do常见用不定式作宾语的动词:want, wish, like, decide, help, ask, agree, afford, arrange, care, determine, fail, guarantee, hesitate, hope, hurry, manage, offer, pretend, promise, seek, prepare, refuse, swear, expect, plan, would like, make up ones mind, be determined4作补语 He asked me to open the door.常见用不定式作宾补的动词: advise, allow, permit, forbid, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, force, get, invite, like, order, persuade, prefer, require, teach, tell, want, warn: * 在感官动词feel, hear, listen to, see, look, notice, watch, observe, overhear（偷听）和使役动词make, let, have等后的补语中，不定式不带to，但这些句子变成被动结构时，就必须带to I often hear him sing the song. He is often heard to sing the song.5作定语 He is looking for a room to live in. Theres nothing to worry about.不定式作定语的用法：(1) 用来修饰被序数词, 最高级或all, no, any等限定的词。e.g. He was the best man to do the job. This is the first factory to produce this kind of machine.(2) 当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时, 不定式既可用主动语态,也可用被动语态, 但其含义不同。e.g. Do you have anything to send ?（to send的动作执行者是“你”） Do you have anything to be sent?（to send的动作执行者是“我“或”别人“）(3) 用来修饰的词是抽象名词时, 常用不定式作定语, 常见的有：ability, chance, idea, fact, excuse, promise, answer, reply, attempt, belief, way, reason, moment, time。e.g. His wish to visit China is quite understandable.(4) 在“形容词+不定式”结构作表语, 宾语和定语时, 常用的to do主动形式表被动。e.g. The book is difficult to read. He is a man easy to get on with.(5)在不定式作表语, 与被修饰词之间有动宾关系, 而与句中的另一名词或代词之间有主谓关系时, 用主动表被动.e.g. He gave me some books to read.6 作状语 I came here to see you. (表目的，相当于in order to / so as to) We were excited to hear the news.（表原因） He hurried to the school (only) to find nobody there.（表结果）7 疑问词+不定式，在句中起名词作用，可作主，宾，表 He didnt know what to say. How to solve the problem is very important. My question is when to start.8 作插入语 To tell the truth, I dont agree with you. to be sure to be frank to sum up to begin /start with to make matters worse to be brief二、不定式的时态，语态 主 动被 动一般式to do to be done进行式to be doing /完成式to have done to have been done1 一般式：表示的动作与谓语动作同时或在它之后发生He pretended not to know me when I met him in the street. （主动）The flowers need to be watered.（被动）2 进行式：表示动作发生时，不定式动作正在发生 He pretended to be reading English when I entered the classroom. （主动）3 完成式：表示动作发生在谓语动作之前He is said to have learned English in Britain for a year. （主动）No harm seems to have been done. （被动）三、不定式的省略为避免重复可用to来代替前面的不定式，常出现在下列动词后expect, hope, wish, mean, prefer, care, forget, want, try 或出现在be glad, be happy, would like/love后 eg: I havent been to Hong Kong, but I wish to. - Would you come to the party?- Id love to, but 如果在省略不定式中含有be, have, have been 等系动词或助动词，这些词要保留。 eg: - Are you on holiday?- No, but Id like to be. - I didnt tell him the news. - Oh, you ought to have.高考题链接1. (11北京) Its important for the figures _ regularly.A. to be updatedB. to have been updated C. to update D. to have updated2. (11上海) Today we have chat rooms, text messaging, emailing but we seem _ the art of communicating face-to-face.A. losing B. to be losingC. to be lost D. having lost3. (11安徽) Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier _ into small pieces.A. break B. breaking C. broken D. to break4. (11浙江) If they win the final tonight, the team are going to tour around the city _ by their enthusiastic supporters.A. being cheered B. be cheeredC. to be cheeredD. were cheered5. (11福建) The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable _.A. held B. holding C. be held D. to hold6. (11四川) Simon made a big bamboo box _ the little sick bird till it could fly.A. keep B. kept C. keeping D. to keep7. (11天津) Passengers are permitted _ only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.A. to carry B. carrying C. to be carriedD. being carried8. (11重庆) More TV programs, according to government to officials, will be produced _ peoples concern over food safety.A. to raiseB. raising C. to have raisedD. having raised9. (11湖南) The ability_ an idea is as important as the idea itself.A. expressing B. expressed C. to express D. to be expressed10. (10上海) That is the only way we can imagine _ the overuse of water in students bathrooms. A. reducing B. to reduce C. reduced D. reduce11. (10江西) There were many talented actors out there just waiting _.A. to discover B. to be discovered C. discovered D. being discovered12. (10山东) I have a lot of readings _ before the end of this term.A. completing B. to complete C. completed D. being completed13. (10全国I) With Fathers Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank _ presents for my dad. A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. to have bought14. (10陕西) His first book _ next month is based on a true story. A. published B. to be published C. to publish D. being published15. (10辽宁) We were astonished _ the temple still in its original condition.A. finding B. to find C. find D. to be found16. (10重庆) Many buildings in the city need repairing, but the one _ first is the library.A. repairedB. being repairedC. repairing D. to be repaired17. (09安徽) The play _ next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture. A. produced B. being produced C. to be produced D. having been produced2 18. (09北京) All of them try to use the power of the workstation _ information in a more effective way. A. presenting B. presented C. being presented D. to present 19. (09湖南) When he _ the door, he found his keys were nowhere. A. would open B. opened C. had opened D. was to open20. (09湖南) Nowadays people sometimes separate their waste to make it easier for it _.A. reusing B. reused C. reuses D. to be reused21. (09海南) The children all turned _ the famous actress as she entered the classroom.A. looked at B. to look at C. to looking at D. look at22. (09山东) We are invited to a party _ in our club next Friday. A. to be held B. held C. being held D. holding 23. (09上海) David threatened _ his neighbour to the police if the damages were not paid. A. to be reported B. reporting C. to report D. having reported 24. (09四川) He told us whether _ a picnic was still under discussionA. to have B. having C. have D. Had25. (09天津) _ the project in time, the staff were working at weekends.A. Competing B. Having completed C. To have completed D. To complete26. (09江苏) Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as short-term teachers, almost three times the number hired last year, _reduce unemployment pressures. A. helpB. to have helpedC. to helpD. having helped 27. (08全国) I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good _.A. to be breathedB. to breathe C. breathingD. being breathed28. (08北京) Did the book give the information you needed? Yes. But _ it, I had to read the entire book.A. to findB. find C. to be findingD. finding29. (08北京)I feel greatly honored _ into their society.A. to welcome B. welcomingC. to be welcomedD. welcomed30. (08湖南) _ the project as planned，well have to work two more hours a day.A. Completing B. CompleteC. CompletedD. To complete31. (07全国)The last one _ pays the meal. Agreed!A. arrived B. arrivesC. to arrive D. arriving32. (07上海) There is nothing more I can try _ you to stay, so I wish you good luck.A. being persuadedB. persuadingC. to be persuadedD. to persuade33. (07江西) When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there _ for a space flight.A. trainingB. being trainedC. to have trainedD. to be trained34. (07浙江) The c