M 1 U 1语法关系代词.doc

课 题Unit 1Warm exercise ( )1. They wanted to raise money _ Project Hope. A. to B. for C. at D. with( )2. Yesterday many college students_ _leaflets on the streets to ask people to save water. A. got up B. took in C.cut outD. gave out( )3. The old lady is forgetful . She cant remember _ her grandson this story and always tells it again and again. A. to know B. tellingC. to tellD. knowing( )4. _can make our voice sound louder and more beautiful. A. StagesB. MicrophonesC. SeatsD. Lights( )5. The sports meeting will _ next Saturday. A. have B. holdC. be heldD. be carried( )6. Your handwriting should _ . Its so bad. A. take care B. look afterC. be taken care D. be paid attention to( )7. -What are you _money to? -To Project Green Hope. A. rising B. pickingC. raisingD. donating( )8. The next day Susannah didnt go to the club. _ she took a short walk in the park. A. Instead ofB. Because C. So D. Instead( )9. The president kept speaking for 2 hours without a _. However, he didnt feel tired at all after that. A. dinner B. drinkC. breakD. sleep( )10. -Are you _when you see a new teacher? -Yes, I am a bit shy. A. sadB. surprisedC. worriedD. nervous( )11. -Could you give we a hand this afternoon? - -_ I have time to do so. A. Because B. Only ifC. BeforeD. Though( )12. Why not draw _ up? Let the light in. A. seats B. ticketsC. curtainsD. performers( )13. I want to drink _ water. Im thirsty. A. little B. a bit ofC. a little ofD. a bit ( )14. My coat _ there behind the door. Cant you see it? A. is hanged B. is hangingC. hangsD. has hung( )15. -Im a little bit nervous because I dont know how to speak in front of so many people. -_.A. Im sorry to hear that. Let me help you. B. Take it easy. Ill help you.C. Dont say that again. You neednt any help. D. Thats all right. Do you need my help?要点综述：Relative pronouns： that, which, who, whom and whose1. In attribute clauses, that and which are used to refer to things.Eg: This is the story that/which we wrote for our storytelling competition. All my classmates enjoyed the cake that/which I made. The book that/which I borrowed from the library is very interesting.2. In attribute clauses, we use who to refer to people.Eg: I am going to see a friend who has just come back from the UK. The girl who is the tallest in our class lives next door to me. She was the teacher who taught us English Literature.3. When who is the object, it can be replaced by whom. In this case, whom is more formal than who.Eg: I dont know the name of the teacher who/whom I saw in the computer room the other day. The student who/whom we met at the school gate is from Africa.4. We can leave out who, whom, which and that when they are the objects. Eg: He likes the birthday presents （that/which） his friends gave him. Ill tell you something (that) I have heard. The girl (who/whom/that) you have just seen is very good at English.5. We use whose to mean possession. It usually relates to a person, but it can also relate to things.Eg: I sat next to a girl whose name was Diana. The club whose members are music fans meet in the school garden every Saturday afternoon. 习题 Complete the following article about high schools in the USA using who, whom, which or whose.There are several differences between high schools in the USA and high schools in China. For one thing, students study in the USA are in class only about twenty hours per week. The rest of the time they spend at school is used for independent study. With so much free time, students do not make good use of their time may not pass their exams. Students the teachers fail may have to take the classes again. For another thing, many courses are classes the students can study just for fun, but they do not have to take. Finally, students can often choose their classes and class times. Some courses are required, but the students can still decide the teacher class they wish to take. They can choose to take the class of a teacher they like or respect.习题I am attending a new school. It is very late. It has many students. They are from different countries. We study Maths, English, Physics and many other subjects. I like English best. An American lady teaches us English, and I admire her most. I also like our History teacher very much. He is good at telling stories. They are very interesting. I have a good friend. Her name is Sally. We often go to the library together. It is a quiet and comfortable place.1. The new school that/which I am attending is very large.2. It has many students 3. English is the subject 4. I admire most an American lady 5. Our History teacher tells us stories 6. I have a good friend 7. The library is a place . 概念：(1) 定语从句：在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行词(antecedent)后面。(2) 先行词：被定语从句修饰的成份。先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。定语从句三步：第一找出先行词；第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语、表语、定语或状语）；第三选择合适的关系词。that: 可指人或物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语。(指人时，相当于who或 whom；指物时，相当于which)如：1. A letter that/which is written in pencil is difficult to read. 2. Do you know the gentleman that/who spoke just now?3. You can take anything ( that) you like. 4. What is the question (that/which) they are talking about?5. Our hometown is no longer the one (that) it used to be.= Our hometown is not the same as it used to be.= Our hometown is different from what it used to be。= Our hometown is not what it used to be.which: 指物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语，定语。如：1. He was proud, which his brother never was. 2. The book which/that was on the desk was bought by my father.3. Tom spent four years in college, during which time he learned French.4. The book (which/that) I bought yesterday is very interesting. 关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。 关系副词有：when, where, why等。 1 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 1）who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。例如： Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语） _ 他就是我昨天见的那个人。2）whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语）例如： They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 _请递给我那本绿皮的书。 3）which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如： A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作什么成分？） The package （which / that）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。（which / that在句中作什么成分？）2 关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 1）关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于介词+ which结构，因此常常和介词+ which结构交替使用。例如： There are occasions when one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 _北京是我的出生地。 _这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？ 如何使用whose 引导的定语从句? whose是代词的所有格，它既可以代人也可以代物。例如： I sat next to a girl whose name was Diana I saw a woman whose bag was stolen.这是一位成就卓越的科学家。 _. 当whose表示物与物的所有格关系时，亦可用of which的形式。例如： The building whose roof you can see from here is a new restaurant. The building the roof of which you can see from here, is a new restaurant.或 The building of which the roof you can see from here is a new restaurant. 这是一间昨晚窗户损坏的房子This is the house broke last night. This is the house, _broke last night. This is the house, _broke last night.The river _ banks are covered with trees flows to the sea.(3)There are in this class 20 students, _ are different.A. whose backgrounds B. the backgrounds of whomC. of whom the backgrounds D. the backgrounds of whose关系代词that和which在很多情况下可以互换，但哪些情况只能用that?在以下几种情况只能用thatA. 先行词(指物)本身是不定代词all, much, little, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one, any等或先行词被不定代词修饰 Eg: All that can be done has been done.B.先行词兼指人和指物的名词C.先行词(指物)被 the very, the only, the next, the last 等修饰D.先行词(指物)被形容词最高级和序数词修饰 This is the best TV that is made in China.E.当主句是which/ who引导的特殊疑问句 Eg: Who that you have ever seen can do it better?如何恰当使用when ,where , why与which, that引导定语从句?1. 先行词是表示地点,时间,原因的名词或含有地点,时间,原因意义的抽象名词，用when ,where, why来引导定语从句. when ,where, why在从句中作状语。若定语从句缺主语或宾语，用which或that引导定语从句。This is the town _I spent my childhood.The library _ you visited yesterday was built in 1990.Ill never forget the day _ we first met in the park.Ill never forget the time _ I spent with you.This is the reason _ I didnt come here.The reason _ she gave was not true.1.The place _interested me most was the Childrens Palace. A. Which B. where C. what D. in which2.Do you know the man _? A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke3.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _we are working. A. where B. that C. which D. there4.This is one of the best films _. A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked5.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of _sat a small boy. A. whom B. who C. which D. that6.It there anyone in your class _family is in the country? A. who B. whos C. which D. whose7.Im interested in _you have said. A. all that B. all what C. that D. which8.He talked a lot about things and persons _they remembered in the school. A. which B. that C. whom D. what9.The letter is from my sister, _is working in Beijing. A. which B. that C. whom D. who10.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of _are women. A. them B. which C. whom D. who11.Youre the only person _Ive ever met _could do it. A. who;/ B./; whom C. whom;/ D./; who12. - Did you ask the guard _ happened? - Yes, he told me all _ he knew. A. what; that B. what; what C. which; which D. that; that 13. The number of the people who _ cars _ increasing. A. owns; are B. owns; is C. own; is D. own; are 14. Is oxygen the only gas