2010高考英语复习学案：主谓一致.doc

高考资源网（） 您身边的高考专家2010高考英语复习学案：主谓一致之一 主谓一致（一）语法一致I 随前原则：1. 主语后面带有as well as, no less than, rather than, more than, but, except, besides, with, along with, together with, like, including, combined with, in addition to, accompanied wit等词连接的名词, 根据语法一致的原则, 谓语动词根据这些词前的主语来确定动词的形式。如：The professor together with a number of students was doing experiments in chemistry in the lab at that time.2. 以下这些结构在句中作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of前的名词: the amount of, (large) amounts of, the number of, a quantity of, quantities of, a mass of, masses of。用a portion of, a series of, a pile of, a panel of 等引起主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。如：A large amount of money was spent on the great bridge.Large amounts of money were spent on the great bridge. A series of accidents has been reported. 媒体报道了一连串的事故。 A pile of lots was set beside the hearth. 炉边有一堆木柴。 II随后原则： 1. 取决于of 后的名词的：all of, half of, some of, the rest of, plenty of, a part of, enough of, none of, most of, a lot of, lots of, mass of, a world of, a flood of, a percentage of, two thirds of, per cent of, a large amount of, heaps of, a proportion of+名词等引起主语时，谓语动词通常与of后面的名词/代词保持一致。例如： Most of his money is spent on books. 他大部分的钱化在书上了。 Most of the students are taking an active part in sports. 大部分学生积极参与体育运动。2. 如 many a 或 more than one 所修饰的短语作主语时，谓语动词多用单数形式。但由more than of 作主语时，动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致。例如： Many a person has read the novel.许多人读过这本书。 More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分之六十多的学生来自这个城市。 III 其他的1、 以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：His father is working on the farm. / To study English well is not easy. /What he said is very important for us all. / The children were in the classroom two hours ago. / Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. w注意：由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。例如：What I bought were three English books. / What I say and do is (are) helpful to you.2、 由连接词and或both and连接起来的合成主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。例如：Lucy and Lily are twins. / She and I高考资源网 are classmates. / The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. / Both she and he are Young Pioneers.注意： 若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时（共用一个冠词），它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。例如：The writer and artist has come.; / 由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no, each, every修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。例如：Every student and every teacher was in the room. / No boy and no girl likes it.3、 either, neither, each, every 或no +单数名词和由some, any, no, every构成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。例如：Each of us has a new book. / Everything around us is matter.注意： 在口语中当either或neither后跟有“of+复数名词（或代词）”作主语时，其谓语动词也可用复数。如：Neither of the texts is (are) interesting. 若none of后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词就要用单数；若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。例如：None of us has (have) been to America.4、在定语从句中，关系代词that(人/物), who(人), which(物)等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。例如：He is one of my friends who are working hard. / He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.4、 如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形式。这些词有family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience等。例如：Class Four is on the third floor. / Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.注意：1）有生命的集体名词作主语时，谓语动词只用复数形式。常见此类名词有：people, police, cattle(牛), folk, youth, mankind, vermin(害虫), personnel(全体人员), clergy(神职人员), militia(民兵), gentry(绅士们)等名词一般都用作复数。例如：The police are looking for the lost child. 2）无生命的集体名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。常见此类名词有：scenery, weaponry, machinery, clothing, poetry, jewelry, millinery, underwear, glasswear等。例如： Much of her jewelry was missing.6、单复数名词同型的名词作主语时，谓语形式要根据句义来确定。 常见此类名词有：aircraft, deer, fish, means, sheep, species, series, works, crossroads, antelope, salmon(鲑鱼), trout(鲟鱼)等。例如：Every means has been tried.The means of communication between here and outside are interrupted. 这里同外界的通讯工具都中断了。7、trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, shorts(短裤), woods, savings, compasses, belongings, thanks, jeans, surroundings, effects, goods, gloves, customs, shades,等常用作复数或只有复数形式的名词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有pair等量词修饰时，谓语动词单复数要根据pair等量词的单复数来决定。例如：My glasses are broken. / The pair of shoes under the bed is his.Several clusters of grapes are on the table.注：pains(辛苦)虽为复数形式，但不可用many修饰，要用great, much, a great deal of等修饰，谓语动词用单复数均可。例如：Much pains has(/have) been taken to keep the plan secret.就近原则：在英语句子中，有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。1. 当两个主语由or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also, whetheror连用时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。例如：Either the teacher or the students are our friends. / Neither they nor he is wholly right. Is neither he nor they wholly right?2. there be句型be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。例如：There are two chairs and a desk in the room.注意：Here引导的句子用法同上。意义一致：1、what, who, which, any, more, all等代词可以是单数，也可是复数，主要靠意思来决定。例如：Which is your bag? / Which are your bags? / All is going well. / All have gone to Beijing.2、表示“时间、重量、长度、价值”等的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式， 这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体，例如：Thirty minutes is enough for the work. 3、若英语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。例如： “The Arabian Nights”is an interesting story-book.4、表数量的短语“one and a half”后接复数名词作主语时，其谓语动词可用单数形式（也可用复数。例如：One and a half apples is (are) left on the table.5、算式中表示数目（字）的主语通常作单数看待，其谓语动词采用单数形式。例如：Twelve plus eight is twenty. / Fifty-six divided by eight is seven.6、形复意单类：一些学科名词是以 ics 结尾，如：mathematics, politics, physics, electronics, classics, ethics, linguistics, plastics, AIDS, mathematics 以及某些形式上是复数，实际为单数的名词news, works，gallows(绞架)等，都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际意义为单数名词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。例如：The paper works was built in 1990. / I think physics isnt easy to study.7. 表示群岛, 山脉, 瀑布, 运动会等专有名词作主语时, 谓语动词用复数。例如：The Olympic Games are held once every four years.w*w*w*k*s*5*u*c*o*m 8. 少数名词如means, works, pains, 等作主语时, 谓语动词单复数根据所表达的概念而定。例如： Every means has been tried.All possible means have been tried.9. 数词one 后跟in, of, out of, 引起的介词词组作主语是时, 谓语动词一般用单数。例如：One out of twenty was badly damaged.之二 名词和代词的一致代词需与其所替代的或修饰的名词应在人称和性别上保持一致如：No one can do it himself.Something strange has happened, didnt it?The owner and the captain discussed it with their colleagues.The owner and captain discussed it with his colleagues之三 分词逻辑主语的一致表示时间、条件、伴随等的分词的逻辑主语必须同所在句中的主语保持一致。如：Translated into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.翻译成英语，这个句子的词序就完全不同了。注： 若表时间、条件、伴随的分词的逻辑主语和句中的主语不一致时，需在分词前加上它的逻辑主语。如： The test finished, we began our holiday. = When the test was finished, we began our holiday. 考试结束了，我们开始放假。之四 并列结构中成分的一致1. 为使句子前后保持平衡和协调， 句中的并列成分应在结构上保持一致。同一句中的并列主语，谓语等在语法等方面要求对应。Her job is washing, cleaning and taking care of the children. （全为doing形式-动名词）她的工作是洗衣服，打扫卫生和看孩子。2. 在比较结构中，被比较的事物应是同等成分。The students in our department are fewer than those in their department.我们系的学生比他们系的学生少。The climate, of Beijing is not so changeable as that of the seaside town.北京的天气不像那座海滨小城的天气那么多变。之五 倒装结构中主谓一致在倒装句中，其他成分放到句子前部，而主语则往往被置于句子后面，这时要注意辨认主语，谓语动词要同主语保持一致。如：After the exams is the time for rest. 考完试就可以休息了。In the margins was written something in red ink. 有人在输液的行间用红笔写了些词句。【专项训练】1、Nothing but carsin the shop.A. is sold B.are sold C.were sold D.are going to sell2、No one except Jack and Tom the answer. A. knowB. knowsC. is knowingD.are known3、Seventy percent of the students in our schoolfrom the countryside.A. is B. areC. comesD. are coming4、of the moneyused up.AThree-five, areBThree-fifths, have beenCThree-fifths, has beenDThird-fifths, is5、The number of the people who_carsincreasing.A. owns, areB. owns, is C. own, isD. own, are6、One of Marxs workswritten in English in the 1860s.AwasBwereCwould beDare7、The sheets for your bedwashing.AneedsBare needingCwantDare wanting8、On each side of the streeta lot of trees.AstandsBgrowCis standingDare grown9、Some personcalling for you at the gate.Aare Bis Cis beingDwill be10、All that can be eateneaten up.Aare beingBhas been Chad beenDhave been11、Toms teacher and friendMr. Smith.AareBis Care beingDhas12、Your new clothes fit you, but mineme.A.doesnt fit B.dont fit C.doesnt fit for D.dont fit for13、Neither he nor Ifor the plan.AamBareCisDwere14、Many a studentthat mistake before.A has made B. have made C. has been made D. had made15、Peter, perhaps John,playing with the little dog.AisBareCwereDseems16、Laying eggsthe ant queens full-time job.AisBareChasDhave17、Between the two buildingsa monument.AstandBstandsCstandingDis standing18、I, whoyour good friend, will share your joys and sorrow. AamBis CareDwas19、The United Nationsin 1945. wA.were found B.were founded C. was foundedD.was found20、were also invited to the party.AMr Smith BThe Smith CThe SmithsDSmiths21、The glass worksin 1959. w.A.were set upB.was set up C.were put up D.were built22、Three hours with your girl friendto be a short time.AseemBseemsCis seeming Dhas seemed23、It was reported that sixincluding a boy.A.was killedB.were killed C.was killing D.had killed24、The policea prisoner.Ais searching forBare searching forCis searchingDare searched for25、Deerfaster than dogs.ArunBrunsCare runningDwill run26、The woundedgood care of here now.A.is taken B.are being taken C.are taking D.is taking27、The whole classgreatly moved at his words.AwasBwereChadDis28、Over 80 percent of the population of Chinapeasants.AwasBis CareDwill be29、Therea knife and fork on the table.A.seems to be B.seem to be C.is seeming to be D.are30、Those whosinging may join us.Aare likingBlikesCenjoyDis fond of31、His familymusic lovers.Aall areBare all CisDare being32、A professor and a writerpresent at the meeting.AwasBisCwereDhad been33、The pair of shoesworn out. wAwasBwereChave beenDhad been34、The students in our school eachan English dictionary. A. haveB.has C.hadD.are having35、More than one answerto the question.A.have been givenB.has been givenC.were given D.had given36、The boy sitting by the window is the only one of the students whofrom the countryside in our school.AareBisCwereDwas37、Our familya happy one.AisBareCwasDwere38、Most of the mistakesbecause of carelessness.A.were made B.are made C.has been made D.were making39、Most of his timein reading no