unity3d小技巧合集.doc

【Unity】技巧集合转发，请保持地址：/stalendp/article/details/17114135这篇文章将收集unity的相关技巧，会不断地更新内容。1）保存运行中的状态unity在运行状态时是不能够保存的。但在运行时编辑的时候，有时会发现比较好的效果想保存。这时可以在 “Hierarchy”中复制相关对象树，暂停游戏后替换原来的，就可以了。2）Layer的用法LayerMask.NameToLayer(Ground); / 通过名字获取layer3D Raycastcsharpview plaincopy1. RaycastHithit;2. if(Physics.Raycast(cam3d.ScreenPointToRay(Input.mousePosition),outhit,Mathf.Infinity,(1LayerMask.NameToLayer(Ground)3. .4. 2D Raycastcsharpview plaincopy1. Collider2Dh=Physics2D.OverlapPoint(cam2d.ScreenToWorldPoint(Input.mousePosition),(1LayerMask.NameToLayer(xxx);2. if(h)3. .4. 3）物理摄像头取色(WebCamTexture)csharpview plaincopy1. Texture2DexactCamData()2. /getthesamplepixels3. Texture2Dsnap=newTexture2D(int)detectSize.x,(int)detectSize.y);4. snap.SetPixels(webcamTexture.GetPixels(int)detectStart.x,(int)detectStart.y,(int)detectSize.x,(int)detectSize.y);5. snap.Apply();6. returnsnap;7. 保存截图：csharpview plaincopy1. System.IO.File.WriteAllBytes(Application.dataPath+/test.png,exactCamData().EncodeToPNG();4) 操作componenent添加：csharpview plaincopy1. CircleCollider2Dcld=(CircleCollider2D)colorYuani.AddComponent(typeof(CircleCollider2D);2. cld.radius=1;删除：csharpview plaincopy1. Destroy(transform.gameObject.GetComponent();5）动画相关状态Init到状态fsShake的的条件为：参数shaketrue；代码中的写法：触发fsShake：csharpview plaincopy1. voidAwake()2. anims=newAnimator(int)FColorType.ColorNum;3. 4. .5. if(needShake)6. curAnim.SetTrigger(shake);7. 关闭fsShakecsharpview plaincopy1. voidUpdate()2. .3. if(curAnim)4. AnimatorStateInfostateInfo=curAnim.GetCurrentAnimatorStateInfo(0);5. if(stateIHash=Animator.StringToHash(BaseLayer.fsShake)6. curAnim.SetBool(shake,false);7. curAnim=null;8. print(=stopshake!);9. 10. 11. .12. 6）scene的切换同步方式：csharpview plaincopy1. Application.LoadLevel(currentName);异步方式：csharpview plaincopy1. Application.LoadLevelAsync(ARScene);7）加载资源csharpview plaincopy1. Resources.Load(string.Format(01:D2,mPrefix,5);8）Tag VS. Layer Tag用来查询对象 Layer用来确定哪些物体可以被raycast，还有用在camera render中9）旋转transform.eulerAngles 可以访问 rotate的 xyzcsharpview plaincopy1. transform.RotateAround(pivotTransVector,Vector3.up,-0.5f*(tmp-preX)*speed);10）保存数据csharpview plaincopy1. PlayerPrefs.SetInt(isInit_+Application.loadedLevelName,1);11）动画编码/lopezycj/archive/2012/05/18/Unity3d_AnimationEvent.html/Components/animeditor-AnimationEvents.html/questions/8172/how-to-add-new-curves-or-animation-events-to-an-im.html12) 遍历子对象csharpview plaincopy1. Transformtransforms=target.GetComponentsInChildren();2. for(inti=0,imax=transforms.Length;iimax;+i)3. Transformt=transformsi;4. t.gameObject.SendMessage(functionName,gameObject,SendMessageOptions.DontRequireReceiver);5. 13)音效的播放先添加Auido Source， 设置Audio Clip, 也可以在代码中加入。然后在代码中调用audio.Play(), 参考如下代码：csharpview plaincopy1. publicAudioClipaClip;2. .3. voidStart()4. .5. audio.clip=aClips;6. audio.Play();7. .8. 另外，如果是3d音效的话，需要调整audio Souce中的panLevel才能听到声音，不清楚原因。14）调试技巧(Debug)可以在OnDrawGizmos函数来进行矩形区域等，达到调试的目的，请参考NGUI中的UIDraggablePanel.cs文件中的那个函数实现。csharpview plaincopy1. #ifUNITY_EDITOR2. /3. /Drawavisibleorangeoutlineofthebounds.4. /5. voidOnDrawGizmos()6. 7. if(mPanel!=null)8. 9. Boundsb=bounds;10. Gizmos.matrix=transform.localToWorldMatrix;11. Gizmos.color=newColor(1f,0.4f,0f);12. Gizmos.DrawWireCube(newVector3(b.center.x,b.center.y,b.min.z),newVector3(b.size.x,b.size.y,0f);13. 14. 15. #endif15）延时相关( StartCoroutine)csharpview plaincopy1. StartCoroutine(DestoryPlayer();2. .3. IEnumeratorDestoryPlayer()4. Instantiate(explosionPrefab,transform.position,transform.rotation);5. gameObject.renderer.enabled=false;6. yieldreturnnewWaitForSeconds(1.5f);7. gameObject.renderer.enabled=true;8. 16）Random做种子csharpview plaincopy1. Random.seed=System.Environment.TickCount;2. 或者3. Random.seed=System.DateTime.Today.Millisecond;17) 调试技巧(debug)，可以把值方便地在界面上打印出来csharpview plaincopy1. voidOnGUI()2. GUILayout.Label(deltaTimeis:+Time.deltaTime);3. 18）分发消息sendMessage,BroadcastMessage等19) 游戏暂停（对timeScale进行设置）csharpview plaincopy1. Time.timeScale=0;20) 实例化一个prefabcsharpview plaincopy1. Rigidbody2DpropInstance=Instantiate(backgroundProp,spawnPos,Quaternion.identity)asRigidbody2D;21)Lerp函数的使用场景csharpview plaincopy1. /Setthehealthbarscolourtoproportionofthewaybetweengreenandredbasedontheplayershealth.2. healthBar.material.color=Color.Lerp(Color.green,Color.red,1-health*0.01f);22）在特定位置播放声音csharpview plaincopy1. /Playthebomblayingsound.2. AudioSource.PlayClipAtPoint(bombsAway,transform.position);23) 浮点数相等的判断(由于浮点数有误差, 所以判断的时候最好不要用等号,尤其是计算出来的结果)csharpview plaincopy1. if(Mathf.Approximately(1.0,10.0/10.0)2. print(same);24）通过脚本修改shader中uniform的值csharpview plaincopy1. /shader的写法2. Properties3. .4. disHeight(thresholddistance,Float)=35. 6. 7. SubShader8. Pass9. CGPROGRAM10. #pragmavertexvert11. #pragmafragmentfrag12. .13. uniformfloatdisHeight;14. .15. /=16. /修改shader中的disHeight的值17. gameObject.renderer.sharedMaterial.SetFloat(disHeight,height);25) 获取当前level的名称csharpview plaincopy1. Application.loadedLevelName26）双击事件csharpview plaincopy1. voidOnGUI()2. EventMouse=Event.current;3. if(Mouse.isMouse&Mouse.type=EventType.MouseDown&Mouse.clickCount=2)4. print(DoubleClick);5. 6. 27) 日期：csharpview plaincopy1. System.DateTimedd=System.DateTime.Now;2. GUILayout.Label(dd.ToString(M/d/yyyy);28) RootAnimation中移动的脚本处理csharpview plaincopy1. classRootControl:MonoBehaviour2. voidOnAnimatorMove()3. Animatoranim=GetComponent();4. if(anim)5. Vector3newPos=transform.position;6. newPos.z+=anim.GetFloat(Runspeed)*Time.deltaTime;7. transform.position=newPos;8. 9. 10. 29) BillBoard效果（广告牌效果，或者向日葵效果，使得对象重视面向摄像机）csharpview plaincopy1. publicclassBillBoard:MonoBehaviour2. /Updateiscalledonceperframe3. voidUpdate()4. transform.LookAt(Camera.main.transform.position,Vector3.up);5. 6. 30）script中的属性编辑器（Property Drawers），还可以自定义属性编辑器参考：/2012/09/07/property-drawers-in-unity-4/其中Popup好像无效，但是enum类型的变量，能够达到Popup的效果csharpview plaincopy1. publicclassExample:MonoBehaviour2. publicstringplayerName=Unnamed;3. 4. Multiline5. publicstringplayerBiography=Pleaseenteryourbiography;6. 7. Popup(Warrior,Mage,Archer,Ninja)8. publicstringclass=Warrior;9. 10. Popup(Human/Local,Human/Network,AI/Easy,AI/Normal,AI/Hard)11. publicstringcontroller;12. 13. Range(0,100)14. publicfloathealth=100;15. 16. Regex(?:d1,3.)3d1,3$,InvalidIPaddress!nExample:)17. publicstringserverAddress=;18. 19. Compact20. publicVector3forward=Vector3.forward;21. 22. Compact23. publicVector3target=newVector3(100,200,300);24. 25. publicScaledCurverange;26. publicScaledCurvefalloff;27. 28. Angle29. publicfloatturnRate=(Mathf.PI/3)*2;30. 31)Mobile下面使用lightmapping问题的解决方案在mobile模式下，lightmapping可能没有反应，可以尝试使用mobile下的shader，可以解决问题。更多请参考：/threads/138978-Lightmap-problem-in-iPhone32) Unity下画线的功能（用于debug）csharpview plaincopy1. Debug.DrawLine(Vector3.zero,newVector3(10,0,0),Color.red);33）Shader中代码的复用（CGINCLUDE的使用）cppview plaincopy1. ShaderSelf-Illumin/AngryBots/InterlacePatternAdditive2. Properties3. _MainTex(Base,2D)=white4. /.5. 6. 7. CGINCLUDE8. 9. #includeUnityCG.cginc10. 11. sampler2D_MainTex;12. /.13. 14. structv2f15. half4pos:SV_POSITION;16. half2uv:TEXCOORD0;17. half2uv2:TEXCOORD1;18. ;19. 20. v2fvert(appdata_fullv)21. v2fo;22. /.23. returno;24. 25. 26. fixed4frag(v2fi):COLOR27. /.28. returncolorTex;29. 30. 31. ENDCG32. 33. SubShader34. TagsRenderType=TransparentQueue=TransparentReflection=RenderReflectionTransparentAdd35. CullOff36. ZWriteOff37. BlendOneOne38. 39. Pass40. 41. CGPROGRAM42. 43. #pragmavertexvert44. #pragmafragmentfrag45. #pragmafragmentoptionARB_precision_hint_fastest46. 47. ENDCG48. 49. 50. 51. 52. FallBackOff53. 34)获取AnimationCurve的时长csharpview plaincopy1. _curve.keys_curve.length-1.time;35)C#中string转变成byte：csharpview plaincopy1. byteb1=System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(myString);2. byteb2=System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(myString);3. System.Text.Encoding.Default.GetBytes(sPara)4. newASCIIEncoding().GetBytes(cpara);5. charcpara=newcharbpara.length;6. for(inti=0;ibpara.length;i+)chari=system.convert.tochar(bparai);36) 排序csharpview plaincopy1. list.Sort(delegate(Objecta,Objectb).CompareTo(););37) NGUI的相关类关系：38）使得脚本能够在editor中实时反映：在脚本前加上：ExecuteInEditMode， 参考UISprite。39）隐藏相关属性属性前加上 HideInInspector，在shader中也适用;比如：csharpview plaincopy1. publicclassResourceLoad:MonoBehaviour2. HideInInspectorpublicstringressName=Sphere;3. publicstringbaseUrl=01/ResUpdate/0.assetbundle;csharpview plaincopy1. Shaderstalendp/imageShine2. Properties3. HideInInspector_image(image,2D)=white4. _percent(_percent,Range(-5,5)=15. _angle(_angle,Range(0,1)=06. 40）属性的序列化可被序列化的属性，可以显示在Inspector面板上（可以使用HideInInspector来隐藏）；public属性默认是可被序列化的，private默认是不可序列化的。使得private属性可被序列化，可以使用SerializeField来修饰。如下：csharpview plaincopy1. SerializeFieldprivatestringressName=Sphere;41）Shader编译的多样化（Making multiple shader program variants）shader通常如下的写法：#pragma multi_compile FANCY_STUFF_OFF FANCY_STUFF_ON这样可以把Shader编译成多个版本。使用的时候，局部设置Material.EnableKeyword， DisableKeyword；或则 全局设置Shader.EnableKeyword and DisableKeyword进行设置。42）多个scene共享内容csharp view plaincopy1. voidAwake()2. DontDestroyOnLoad(transform.gameObject);3. 43) 使用Animation播放unity制作的AnimationClip：首先需要设置AnimationType的类型为1 （需要在animationClip的Debug模式的属性中进行设置，如下图。另外，如果需要在animator中播放动画，需要类型为2）；代码如下：csharp view plaincopy1. stringclipName=currentClip;2. AnimationClipclip=.;3. /设置animationClip4. if(anim=null)5. anim=gameObject.AddComponent();6. 7. anim.AddClip(clip,clipName);8. animclipName.speed=_speedScale;9. /计算时间10. floatduration=animclipName.length;11. duration/=_speedScale;12. /播放动画13. anim.Play(clipName);14. yieldreturnnewWaitForSeconds(duration+0.1f);15. /动画结束动作16. anim.Stop();17. anim.RemoveClip(clipName);44) RenderTexture的全屏效果cs端：csharp view plaincopy1. MeshFiltermesh=quard.GetComponent();2. /创建和摄像机相关的renderTexture3. RenderTexturerTex=newRenderTexture(int)cam.pixelWidth,(int)cam.pixelHeight,16);4. cam.targetTexture=rTex;5. mesh.renderer.material.mainTexture=rTex;shader端：csharp view plaincopy1. #includeUnityCG.cginc2. sampler2D_MainTex;3. sampler2D_NoiseTex;4. 5. structv2f6. half4pos:SV_POSITION;7. half2uv:TEXCOORD0;8. float4srcPos:TEXCOORD1;9. ;10. 11. v2fvert(appdata_fullv)12. v2fo;13. o.pos=mul(UNITY_MATRIX_MVP,v.vertex);14. o.uv=v.texcoord.xy;15. o.srcPos=ComputeScreenPos(o.pos);16. returno;17. 18. 19. fixed4frag(v2fi):COLOR020. floattmp=saturate(1-(length(i.uv-float2(0.5,0.5)*2)*0.04;21. float2wcoord=(i.srcPos.xy/i.srcPos.w)+tex2D(_NoiseTex,i.uv)*tmp-tmp/2;22. returntex2D(_MainTex,wcoord);23. 45)使用RenderTexture制作屏幕特效：csharp view plaincopy1. ExecuteInEditMode2. publicclassMyScreenEffect:MonoBehaviour3. .4. voidOnRenderImage(RenderTextu