浅析我国零售业库存管理.doc

中原工学院信息商务学院物流英语课程论文 工商管理 专业 班级 题 目 浅析我国零售业库存管理 姓 名 学号 二一 三 年 Analysis of the retail inventory management in ChinaAbstract: because of modern traffic and communication technology progress, promote the formation of global market competition, and the progress of the production technology and promote the shortening of product life cycle and the diversification of production development. In the traditional inventory management mode, both the order point method, economic batch method, or ABC, as is the manual management way, thus providing the whole or a class of commodity information, but it is difficult to provide a more detailed aspects as a species or types of commodity concrete, accurate import and sale, storage and other information. Not only that, the information provided is often in the inventory, so inevitably lag, will inevitably produce unsalable goods, the backlog of funds and other issues.Inventory management problem caused the attention of retail enterprises. In this paper, the retail inventory model of development, existing problems and countermeasures are analyzed, cautious retail enterprises of our country should enhance the concept of inventory management, reduce inventory costs, enable enterprises to grow.Keywords: retail enterprises, inventory management, problem, countermeasureInventory management concept The so-called inventory management, is the management of inventory. The aim is to maintain, inventory and order number of equilibrium, which can not only maintain appropriate inventory, and the rational use of funds. The focus is the inventory management, inventory control is to control the time and quantities of inventory stock.The retail inventory management model2.1 Traditional inventory management model The traditional inventory management, inventory management manufacturers and retailers is the act of ones own free will, the traditional inventory management mode in supply chain is trading above the level of the order driven single-stage inventory management mode based on. In this mode, the information production enterprises and retail enterprises are isolated, in order to meet the market must assume greater inventory level, forming the bullwhip effect. In this mode, the lack of social cooperation, low efficiency of resource.2, 2 Cooperative inventory management model In the capital in the strength of the part of the production enterprises and retail enterprises, mutual holding, collaborative development. As the Chia Tai Group of Thailand and lotus shopping center cooperation, lotus is Group subsidiary, in hypermarket lotus, can see the Chia Tai Group products, like meat, oil and so on, are displayed in the best heads and shelves, sales of the interests of both sides to share. In this model, achieve full sharing of information between the two sides can, for production, sales plan and implementation of promotional activities are very favorable. In2, 3supplier inventory model In the present in, many large commercial enterprises are gradually implemented by the supplier management, maintenance store inventory model. In this kind of inventory control policy, appropriate to allow the upstream manufacturers to downstream retailers inventory strategy, ordering strategy for understanding or of the power of communication, both sides can cooperate to carry out promotional activities, in order to promote sales. With the further development of cooperation, mutual trust is increased, the development of this model will be more potential, estimation of this model will become the future of the retailers inventory management representative.Problems and Countermeasures of Chinas retail industry inventory management3, 1 Chinas retail industry inventory management problem1）The inventory cycle length Inventory turnover period is the retail inventory management efficiency evaluation data, the smaller the better, show that inventory management retailers do better, the lower the cost of logistics distribution. Such as retail giant WAL-MART through its cross-docking and automatic replenishment technology, the commodity in the base period of turnover is reduced to 2 days.2) out of stock rate high In order for the enterprise out of a measure, the out of stock rate this concept, means that when the stock of goods available inventory to zero or below a certain number. Although manufacturers have enough production capacity to meet customer is the final consumer demand, but the supply chain inventory in various wholesalers, delivery is not smooth, making products appear out of stock market.3) distribution mechanism is not flexible The development of Chinas modern logistics not long after all, is at the preliminary stage of development, a lot of logistics and supply chain management academic works lack the foreign logistics experience, theory and the actual situation of the theory of the combination of. The theory of logistics and supply chain management is very weak. Information infrastructure is serious lack and backwardness. In the present stage, the degree of information of enterprises in our country is still quite low, the computer application in many enterprises is limited to daily office, logistics information system construction is still in the primary stage. In addition, the information systems used by the enterprise also can not effectively the problem of compatibility. Many software enterprises of our country currently used by many to buy directly from abroad, and the actual situation of the direct purchase of software with many enterprises in our country is not consistent, need further improvement. The lag of software has become a bottleneck in the construction of enterprise information in china. Information technology is a sharp weapon to build chain retail enterprise core competitiveness. 3, 2 Chinas retail industry inventory management problem1) to properly handle the business relationship The relationship between suppliers and retailers must change, to the spirit of striving for a win-win concept, sincere cooperation, to grow together. To be kind to the supplier, cooperate closely with no vendor, will lose the basic guarantee customer service means and for profit, will be eliminated in the competition. 2) to improve the information management level of chain retail industry Application of information technology has become an important symbol of modern retail core competitiveness, for the retail industry, information construction has not not essential tonic, but a daily necessity dinner. Enterprise information sharing can effectively improve greatly depends on enterprise information system.3) focus on consumer preference With the development of economy, the mass, the same product is not welcomed by the client, on the contrary, the customer favor those products personalized, small batch production, the price paid in the second. If retailers cannot provide customers need products, which means it will be out of the market. Therefore, to meet the consumers personalized, diversified demand.Conclusion For retail businesses, its business strategy is to win customer satisfaction. If a companys cash flow shortage, the survival of the enterprise will also face the risk of. Out of stock and inventory backlog is resulting in the direct cause of the crisis of survival, which often comes from their own poor management.For todays retail market competition, not only focus on to provide customers with quality service, quality, complete varieties of goods, more the key is how to reduce the cost, but also can provide the most comprehensive business services. Retail enterprise costs include purchase cost, purchase cost, holding cost, shortage cost and quality cost, and that several cost occurrence and amount are closely related, and the retail enterprise inventory management model. Therefore, to choose the correct inventory management mode, is the key to win the market retail enterprises. In the retail enterprises in the management, inventory management is the foundation, is the core, only master inventory, sales management to do a good job at the upper end of the purchasing management and the lower end of the internal inventory management, so we must pay attention to the enterprise foundation. At the same time in the emphasis on the supply chain management today, regardless of vendor managed inventory mode or the joint inventory management models in the future are worthy of reference and trial of retail enterprises.浅析我国零售业库存管理摘要：由于现代交通和通信技术的进步，推动了全球性的竞争市场形成，而生产技术的进步又推动着产品生命周期的缩短和多样化生产的发展。在零售企业的库存管理中，如何为经营者提供及时、准确的库存信息一直是一个难题。在传统的库存管理模式中，无论是订货点法、经济批量法，还是 ABC 法，由于是手工管理方式，因此提供的都是全部或某一类商品的信息，而很难提供更为明细的如某个品种或型号的商品的具体的、准确的进、销、存等方面的信息。不仅如此，信息的提供往往是在盘点后，因此不可避免地显得滞后，也就难免会产生商品滞销、资金积压等问题。库存管理问题引起了零售企业的重视。本文就零售企业库存发展模式，存在的问题以及对策进行了分析，谨慎我国零售企业应增强库存管理概念，降低库存成本，使企业发展壮大。关键词：零售企业、库存管理、问题、对策 一、库存管理概念 所谓库存管理，就是对库存物资的管理。其目的，在于维持库存量与订购次数的均衡，保证既能维持适当的库存，又能合理运用资金。重点是库存控制管理，库存控制是对库存进货时间和批量的控制。二、零售企业库存管理模式2、1传统库存管理模式 传统库存管理模式，生产企业与零售商的库存管理是各自为政的，供应链中传统库存管理模式是基于交易层次之上的由订单驱动单级管理库存的方式。在这种模式下，生产企业和零售企业的信息都是孤立的，为满足市场都必须承担比较大的库存水平，从而形成“牛鞭效应”。这种模式下，协作缺乏，社会资源效率低下。2、2合作库存管理模式 随着资本力量的壮大，部分生产企业与零售企业相互控股，协作发展。像泰国正大集团与易初莲花购物中心的合作，易初莲花是正大集团的子公司，在易初莲花的大卖场里，可以看到正大集团的产品，像肉类、油等，被陈列在最好的堆头和货架上，销售利益双方分享。在这种模式下，双方的信息可以实现充分的共享，这对于生产、销售计划以及促销活动的执行都是非常有利的。2、3供应商库存模式 目前，很多的大型商业企业都在逐步实行由供应商管理、维护卖场的库存的模式。 在这种库存控制策略下，适当允许上游生产商对下游零售商的库存策略、订货策略进行了解或沟通的权力，双方可以协同进行促销活动，以增进销售。随着合作的进一步发展，双方信任的增加，这种模式可以获得更大潜力的发展，估计这种模式将成为未来最有代表性的零售商库存管理模式。 三、我国零售业库存管理存在的问题与对策3、1我国零售业库存管理存在的问题1） 库存周期长库存周转期是评价零售商库存管理效率的数据，越小越好，表明零售商的库存管理做得越好，物流配送成本越低。如“零售巨头沃尔玛通过它的“越库配送”和“自动补货”的技术，使商品的在库周转期降低到 2 天。”2）缺货率高为了对企业的缺货状况有一个衡量指标，理论上提出了缺货率这个概念，即指当商品的可用库存为零或低于一定数字时的库存情况。虽然制造商有足够的生产能力满足顾客即最终消费者的需求，但由于供应链各级批发商库存过大、供货不畅，致使产品