新视野英语第5册单词unit1A.doc

prevalenta.(fml.)existing commonly, generally, or widely (in some place or at some time ); predominant (正式)（在某地或某时）流行的，盛行的；普遍的The habit of traveling by aircraft is becoming more prevalent each year. 坐飞机旅行一年比一年普遍了。One simple injection can help to protect you right through the cold months when flu is most prevalent. 只要打上一针预防针就能帮助你度过流感盛行的寒冷月份。continuityn.Uuninterrupted connection or union (through time or space) 连续性，连贯性There is no continuity of subject in a dictionary. 词典的主题没有连续性。This paper lacks continuity. 这篇论文缺乏连贯性。inherenta.existing as an essential constituent or characteristic; intrinsic固有的，内在的，天生的The communication skills that belong to each species of animal, including people, are not inherent.包括人在内的动物所具有的交际技能并不是天生的。With his inherent love of life, he started meeting people socially again, although he abstained from alcohol and cigarettes. 由于天生热爱生活，他又开始了社交生活，但戒绝了烟酒。inherentlyad.in itself or oneself; by its or ones nature ;as such ;intrinsically 固有地，本质上，内在地It is most difficult to carry out reforms in inherently conservative institutions like schools.在像学校这样本质上保守的机构中进行改革是极其困难的。decisivea.1. unquestionable 无疑的，明确的Although the new chairman had his critics, it was clear that his method of management had produced decisive changes. 尽管这位新主席受到过批判，但他的管理方法显然带来了不容置疑的变化。2. showing determination or firmness坚决的，果断的Top managers need to be decisive and should not push issues under the rug in the hope that they will solve themselves. 最高经理层要果断，而不应该把问题掩盖起来，指望它们自行解决。3. leading to a result ; deciding an issue决定性的，关键性的Sadly, the guru died before passing on any decisive conclusion.可悲的是，这位大师还没来得及传授关键性结论就离世了。permeatevt.pass through or into every part of (sth.) 渗透，渗入，充满The fragrance of flowers permeates every room. 每个房间都弥漫着花香。telecommunicationsn.the receiving or sending of messages by telephone, television, telegraph, or radio 电信accessoryn.1. (usu. pl.)sth. which is not a necessary part of sth. larger, but which makes it more useful ,effective, etc.附件，附属品He needs to buy a few accessories for his broken bicycle. 他需要为他的破自行车购买一些附件。2. C one who incites, aids, or abets a lawbreaker in the commission of a crime, but is not present at the time of the crime (怂恿、帮助罪犯进行犯罪活动，但犯罪时不在现场的)同谋，从犯He was accused of being the accessory of those murderers. 他被指控为那些谋杀者的同谋。literallyad.1. exactly, without exaggeration 确切地，真正地There are people in the world who literally do not know how to boil water. 世界上确实有不知道怎么烧水的人。2. word by word 逐字地It is difficult to understand his work when it is literally translated into Chinese. 如果将他的作品逐字翻译成汉语是很难理解的。 3. according to the words and not the intention 按字面地 Dont take my remarks literally. 别按字面理解我的话。4. (used loosely to intensify meaning) (用于加强语气)简直He was literally blue with cold. 他真是冷得全身青紫。blessvt.ask Gods favor or protection for（祈求上帝）祝福，赐福于 Bless this house!愿上帝保佑这个家。blessingn.1.Ca gift from God or anything that brings happiness or good fortune 上帝的恩赐；幸事Blessings cannot simply be expected to come along in disguise. 不能总是指望祸事中隐藏着好事。2.U approval; encouragement 批准，鼓励This plan has my blessing. 这计划由我批准。The panel has to give its blessing to the ending of the contract. 专门小组不得不批准结束合约。instantaneousa.happening at once, instantly, without delay即刻的；瞬间发生的The students can almost give instantaneous responses to questions raised by their teacher. 学生们几乎能立即回答老师提出的问题。This photo studio applies new technology to make an instantaneous photograph possible. 这家照相馆应用新技术使快照成为可能。literacyn.U the ability to read and write 识字，能读能写，有文化The king encouraged and demanded higher standards of literacy from his subjects. 这位国王鼓励并且要求他的臣民们有更高的文化水平。a literacy campaign 扫盲运动the literacy rate 文化普及率minglev.mix (with another thing or with people )so as to be an undivided whole，or to be indistinguishable 相混合,（与另一物或人）混在一起The president delivered a speech that contained praise mingled with blame. 总统发表了一篇有赞扬也有责难的演说。The king mingled with the people in the streets. 国王与街上的人混在一起了。distortvt.1. give a false account of ; twist the true meaning曲解；歪曲Comparisons are essential, isolated numbers merely distort the story. 对比极其重要，孤立的数字只能歪曲真相。That newspapers accounts of international affairs are sometimes distorted. 那家报纸对国际事件的报道有时是歪曲事实的。2. twist out of a natural, usual, original shape or condition使变形，弄歪Her voice, distorted with tension, sounded so unnatural that at first no one recognized it. 她的声音由于紧张而扭曲了，听起来极不自然，刚开始大家都没有听出是她的声音来。formidablea.1. difficult; hard to defeat 困难的，难以克服的Chinese translators face formidable problems in tackling the translation of Shakespeares sonnets. 中国翻译家们在翻译莎士比亚十四行诗的过程中面临难以解决的困难。2. causing fear, doubt, anxiety, etc. 可怕的，令人生畏的The head of the research section was a formidable old professor. 研究室主任是个令人生畏的老教授。We cannot refuse, because we are in awe of the formidable woman running the PTA. 我们不能拒绝，因为我们畏惧家长教师协会的那位可怕的女主任。precedentn.C, U an act or instance that may be used as an example in dealing with subsequent similar instances(用来处理同类问题时行之有效的）先例The President followed historical precedent in forming the Cabinet. 总统按照历史惯例组成内阁。The trial could set an important precedent for dealing with large numbers of similar cases. 那次审讯可以为处理大量类似诉讼提供先例。without precedent in history 史无前例diploman.C an official paper showing that a person has successfully finished a course of study 毕业文凭，学位证书a college diploma 大学文凭The secretary had diplomas in both education and linguistics. 该秘书取得了教育学和语言学两个毕业文凭。certifyvt.1. give a certificate to (sb.) declaring official / professional recognition 授予合格证书Under the Fire Precautions Act 1971, there is no requirement for fire authorities to re-inspect a certified building. 在1971年防火法案中，没有要求消防机构对审定合格的建筑重新检查。 a certified teacher 持有证书的教师 2.declare that sth. is correct or true 证明，证实He had to certify that restoration was both practicable and in the public interest. 他必须证实修复既可行又符合公众利益。competencen.U the ability to do what is needed; skill能力，技巧His remarkable handling of this difficult case demonstrated his competence as a lawyer. 他对这件难断的案子的出色处理显示了他当律师的能力。To be a good teacher requires both competence and patience. 做一个好老师既要有能力也要有耐心。simulatevt.(fml.) give the effect or appearance of ; imitate; closely imitate the conditions of a particular situation （正式）模拟，模仿；假装 Eyewitnesses stated that they saw soldiers simulating a leg injury. 目击者称他们看到士兵们假装腿部受伤。The case studies simulate a variety of international business situations in which English would be the likely language of communication. 这些个案研究模拟以英语为可能交际语言的国际商务情景。a computer-simulated explosion 计算机模拟的爆炸repertoiren.1.C (fig.) a whole set of (functions, talents, etc.) 全套，全部本领/功能He had a large repertoire of jokes. 他会讲很多的笑话。2.C the collection of plays, pieces of music, etc. that a performance or theatre group can perform（演员或剧团的）全部节目; 保留节目That song is not in my repertoire. 我演出的节目中没有这首歌。vocationala.relating to a particular type of job职业上的，业务上的 The new company got valuable vocational counseling from the experienced counselors. 这家新公司从经验丰富的顾问那里获得了可贵的业务建议。Big companies, such as IBM, spend millions of dollars annually on vocational training for their employees. 像IBM这样的大公司每年都花费几百万美元来给雇员进行职业培训。productivea.1. that produces well or much多产的；丰饶的He is a very productive writer, who wrote a lot of well-known novels. 他是一位多产作家，写了大量为人熟知的小说。The talented composer reached his most productive years of creation in his twenties. 这位才华横溢的作曲家在二十几岁时达到创作高峰。2. causing or producing (a result ,value ,etc. ) 生产的，生产性的Employers get profits from the productive labour of their employees. 雇主们从其雇员的生产性劳动中获得利润。flawvt.damage; make imperfect 使有瑕疵Its a pity that the scar flawed her skin. 很遗憾，这块伤疤变成了她皮肤上的缺陷。n.C damage or imperfection (usu. minor) 缺点，瑕疵 They tolerate no flaws in their plan because some VIPs will be present in the meeting. 他们不允许计划有半点纰漏，因为有几位要人要出席会议。adolescentn.&a.(of) a boy or a girl in the period between being a child and being a grown person; a young teenager of about 13-16青少年（的），处于青春期的孩子（的）（约1316岁）innovationn.C, Uthe introduction of sth. new 革新，创新，改革The rise of computers has led to technical innovations in almost every aspect of human life. 计算机的兴起导致人类生活方方面面的技术革新。Educational innovations are called for in order to cater for the rapidly changing world. 教育需要革新以适应迅速变化的世界。geneticadj.of or concerning genes or genetics遗传的，起源的doomvt.（usu. pass.）cause to unavoidably experience or suffer sth. unpleasant 使遭厄运，注定，判决Any attempt to destroy the friendship between our two nations is doomed to failure. 任何破坏我们两国间友谊的企图都注定要失败。n.C, U a terrible fate ;unavoidable destruction or death 厄运，毁灭，死亡 Forecasting doom is a habit of Mr. Prophet. 预测灾难是预言家先生的习惯。 go to ones doom 走向毁灭dilemman.C a difficult choice to be made between two courses of action 困境，两难境地，进退维谷I am in a dilemma whether to do math or English. 我左右为难，不知该做数学还是读英语。Ph.D. students who havent completed their dissertations by the time their fellowships expire face a difficult dilemma: whether to take out loans to support themselves, to try to work part-time at both a job and their research, or to give up on the degree entirely. 奖学金到期而尚未完成论文的博士生们面临进退两难的境地： 是申办贷款维持生活, 或尝试半工半读, 还是彻底放弃学位。breakthroughn.C a major advance or discovery (often in a particular field); an act of breaking through or overcoming an obstacle or problem 突破，发现Surgeons have made a great breakthrough in kidney transplantation. 外科医生在肾移植方面取得了重大突破。Recent scientific breakthroughs may change peoples life in most radical ways. 最新的科学成就能彻底改变人类生活。offspringn.U a child or children ;the young of an animal 子孙，后代；幼兽A clone refers to one or more offspring derived from a single ancestor, whose genetic composition is identical to that of the ancestor. 克隆是指来自同一祖先的一个或多个后代，其基因构成与其祖先完全相同。We need to preserve the environment for the benefit of our offspring. 为了我们子孙后代的利益我们需要保护环境。clonevt.make multiple identical copies of 克隆，复制imaginativea.using or having imagination富于想像的，有想像力的He described his future wife in the most imaginative way. 他以最富有想像力的方式描述了他未来的妻子。Even a most imaginative poet fails to describe the beauty of my homeland. 即使最富于想像的诗人也无法描述我家乡的美丽。range from.tovary within specified limits（在一定幅度或范围内）变动，变化The temperature ranges from 10 to 20 degrees in spring. 春天气温在10到20度内变化。There is a big age difference among pub-goers, ranging from 17 to 70. 去酒吧的人年龄差异很大，从17岁到70岁不等。with the exception ofexcept ; apart from除外，除之外 The house is almost perfect, with the exception of its sewage system. 除了排水系统外，这房子完美无缺。have access tohave the right to approach, enter, exit, or make use of 有接近（或使用）的机会Citizens may have free access to the library. 市民可以免费使用图书馆。The school children in the Far West have no access to the