Unit 1 Never Give In

Unit 1 Never Give In, Never, Never, NeverAims and Requirements: Students are required to understand the main idea and structure of the text; to be familiar with the characteristics of public speechTeaching important and difficult pointsa. The background of the significant events mentioned in the speechb. Language characteristicsWarm-upI. Cultural background1. World War II （1939 to 1945） involved most of the worlds nations which formed two opposing military alliances, the Allies and the Axis. began with the invasion of Poland by Germany and Slovakia, and subsequent declarations of war on Germany by France and most of the countries of the British Empire and Commonwealth. Global ReadingI. Structural analysis This text can be divided into three parts. Part I (Paragraph 1):opening remarks ( reviewed what had happened since his last visit to Harrow. )Part II (Paragraphs 2 5): The body of the speech (drew the lessons to be learned from the past year.)Part III (Paragraphs 6 8): The concluding part (changed a word in the verse of the school song to inspire the spirit of the whole country and to fight for final victory. )II. Rhetorical features of the text constant repetition, e.g. “Never, Never, Never” in the title, Pairs of antonyms: ups and downs; short-long; triumph disaster; great- small; etc. Practice: Find more examples of repetition and pairs of antonyms in the speech.Detailed ReadingI. Questions 1. What was the difference between the present situation and the situation when Churchill came to Harrow School ten months ago? (Paragraph 1)Answer: Ten months ago, Britain was poorly armed, fighting alone, and faced with unmeasured menace of the enemy. Now, Britain was not that poorly armed, and the situation was improving.2. What did Churchill mean by saying “we must learn to be equally good at what is short and sharp and what is long and tough”? (Paragraph 2)Answer: By saying this he meant to make his audience fully aware that they should not only be able to fight and win short and quick battles but also be ready to fight and win hard and enduring wars.3. What lesson had they learnt? (Paragraphs 3 4)Answer: The lesson learnt throughout the past ten months was that one should not be deceived by appearances and should never give in to the apparently overwhelming might of the enemy. With a combination of imagination and courage, the British people could overcome any kind of difficulties and smash any attack of the enemy.4. Why did Churchill replace the word darker with sterner? (Paragraphs 7 8)Answer: Because he had a strong conviction of victory. The word darker carries a pessimistic tone, for it usually indicates “a period of unpleasant and frightening time” and implies hopelessness in a difficult period. But the word sterner, although it has the identical referent, suggests a time that is testing, but testing in a way that offers the British the opportunity to display their courage to the full.Class Activity Group discussions: Topic A: How does the speaker Churchill impress you in the speech? Does it contribute to your understanding of the WWII?Topic B: Have you learned anything from Churchills oration about making a powerful speech? II. Words and expressionsPart 1: Paragraph 1at your Head Masters kind invitationat: in response toCollocation:at ones invitation/request/suggestion, etc.e.g. A meeting was arranged at the ambassadors request. At my suggestion, Mrs. Carey wrote to her former employer.Translation:应胡锦涛主席之邀，美国总统将对中国进行国事访问。Answer: At the invitation of President Hu Jintao, President of the United States will pay a state visit to China.catastrophic: a. involving or causing sudden great damage or sufferingSynonym: disastrousCollocation:catastrophic floods/losses/effects/resultsDerivation:catastrophe n. ups and downs: a mixture of good things and bad thingse.g. Sitting beside the window, he recalled the ups and downs of his parenthood.Translation:从1999年建立以来，公司历经盛衰浮沉。Answer: The organization has experienced its ups and downs since it was founded in 1999.position: situation at a particular time Synonym: situatione.g. It is time those companies revealed more about their financial position. Their soccer team is going to be in a very difficult position if nothing particular shows up.Part 2: Paragraphs 2-5throwing our minds back to our meeting here ten months ago: recollecting our meeting at Harrow School ten months agoe.g. Please throw your mind back to 1945, when people all over the world were engaged in a great war against the Fascists.meet with: experience; undergoe.g. Attempts to find civilian volunteers have met with embarrassing failure. Efforts to put the Russian space programme into market have met with little success. She was worried that he might have met with an accident. imagination makes things out far worse .: . what one imagines tends to be worse than reality .make out: see or understand e.g. How do you make that out (= what are your reasons for thinking that)? + wh- I cant make out what she wants.Paraphrase:I cant make out how to put it back. Answer: I dont know/understand how to put it back.far-reaching: a. having important and widely applicable effects or implications Collocation: far-reaching consequences/implications/changes/reformse.g.The consequences of the decision will be far-reaching.They decided to carry on far-reaching constitutional reforms.conviction: n. a strong opinion or belief Collocation: political/moral convictionse.g. She was motivated by deep religious convictions. In face of difficulty, he held a conviction that all would be well in the end. U the feeling or appearance of believing sth. strongly or of being sure about ite.g. He said he agreed but his voice lacked conviction. The leaders speech in defense of the policy didnt carry much conviction.yield: v. yield (to sth./sb.): (formal or literary) give up control (of)Synonym: surrendere.g. After a long siege, the town was forced to yield. He reluctantly yielded to their demands. If the newly founded regime does not yield, it should face sufficient military force to ensure its certain defeat.I yielded to temptation and had a chocolate bar.Paraphrase: Never yield to the apparently overwhelming might of the enemy. Answer: Never give in or surrender to the seemingly strong enemy.persevere: v. continue in a course of action even in the face of difficulty or with little or no indication of successCollocation: persevere (in sth. / in doing sth.); persevere (with sth./sb.)e.g. Despite a number of setbacks, they persevered in their attempts to fly around the world in a balloon. She persevered with her violin lessons.Derivations: persevering a.; perseverance n.Part 3: Paragraphs 6-8venture to do sth.: be brave enough to say sth.Collocation: venture sth.; venture to do sth.; venture + speech; venture that e.g. She hardly dared to venture an opinion.She would never venture to ask for a raise.“And if I say no?” she ventured. Translation:我小心翼翼地说她可能犯了个错误。Answer: I ventured to suggest that she might have made a mistake. III. Sentences you are beginning to feel impatient that there has been this long lull (Paragraph 1)Paraphrase:You are beginning to be anxious because there has been no progress of the war in such a long quiet period. appearances are often very deceptive (Paragraph 3)Paraphrase:Surface phenomena tend to be misleading. but then they must also pray to be given that extra courage to carry this far-reaching imagination (Paragraph 4)Paraphrase:They wish to be equipped with excessive courage to accomplish or realize this effective and influential blueprint. . we have only to persevere to conquer. (Paragraph 5)Paraphrase:We have no choice but to hold on until victory comes.Translation:我们别无选择，只有坚持不懈，直到胜利。Consolidation ActivitiesI. RevisionII. Vocabulary1 Word derivation1) catastrophe n. catastrophic a. catastrophically ad. 那场地震是个大灾难，夺去了许多人的生命。The earthquake was a major catastrophe, causing heavy loss of life. 战争的灾难性后果很快显现出来。The catastrophic consequences of the war soon unfolded. 关键时刻，预警系统灾难性地崩溃了。The Warning System catastrophically collapsed at that critical moment.2) convict v. conviction n. 他被判犯有谋杀罪。He was convicted of murder. 她是一个道德信念坚定的女子。She is a women of strong moral convictions.3) apparent a. apparently ad. 今年的利润表面上有所增加，是因为出售了公司的一部分财产。The apparent improvement in this years profits is due to the selling off of some of the companys property. 看来他们要提高电费了。Apparently, they are intending to put up the price of electricity.4) desperate a. desperately ad. desperation n. 国家正遭受严重的食物短缺。The country is suffering from a desperate shortage of food. 因为缺乏食物，他病得奄奄一息。Due to the lack of food, he became desperately ill. 他不顾一切地拼命踢门，企图能逃出去。In desperation, he kicked at the door, hoping to escape.5) flinch v. flinching a. Ant. unflinching a. unflinchingly ad. 看到血，他畏缩了。He flinched at the sight of blood. 在最艰难的时期，她忠贞不移地陪伴着他。In the hardest time, she accompanied him with unflinching loyalty. 他毫不畏惧地直面我的注视。He met my gaze unflinchingly.2 Phrase practice 1) She wouldnt want to put them through the suffering of a huge ceremony.put sb. through sth.: make sb. experience sth. very difficult or unpleasante.g. 你最近让你的家人受了不少苦。 You have put your family through a lot recently.2) The famous orator addressed himself to the public to promote his newly published book. address oneself to: (formal) think about a problem or a situation and decide how you are going to deal with ite.g. 我们必须要致力于交通污染问题。 We must address ourselves to the problem of traffic pollution.3) At that time, South Africa was going through a period of big events as the Blacks fought for equality.go through: experience or suffer sth.e.g. 我钦佩她经历了那么多苦难以后，依然这样开朗快乐。 I admire the way shes still so cheerful after all shes gone through.II. Grammar1) CoordinationA coordinate construction is a sequence of semantically-related grammatical units that are similar in form, equal in rank of structure, identical in function and are connected by coordinators such as “and”, “or”, and “but”. The coordinate construction can be a sequence of coordinated words, phrases, or clauses. When two or more independent clauses are coordinated, they form a compound sentence.For example:triumph and disaster (coordinated words)large or petty (coordinated words)with strength but without confidence (coordinated phrases)The children can go with us, or they can stay at home. (coordinated clauses / compound sentence)Practice: 1. Combine the sentences in each of the following groups into one sentence, using parallel constructions (coordination) wherever possible. A. Tom speaks Chinese fluently. B. He cant write in it.Answer: Tom speaks Chinese fluently, but he cant write in it. A. I have nothing to offer.B. I can offer blood.C. I can offer toil.D. I can offer tears.E. I can offer sweat.Answer: I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat. A. Ruel went into the forest. B. Cameron went into the forest too.C. They collected a lot of insect specimens.Answer: Ruel and Cameron went into the forest and collected a lot of insect specimens.2. Improve the following sentences. Marian could not decide whether she should start college right after high school or to get a job first.Answer: Marian could not decide whether to start college right after high school or to get a job first. The requirements for a chemistry degree are not as strict as a medical degree.Answer: The requirements for a chemistry degree are not as strict as the requirements / those for a medical degree. Either he is an absolute coward or a fool.Answer: He is either an absolute coward or a fool. The students are not only organizing social activities, but also are interested in political questions.Answer: The students are not only organizing social activities, but also showing an interest in political questions.2) TenseTense is a grammatical form associated with verbs that tells of the distinctions of time. English verbs have three tenses: the past, the present and the future tens