专业英语词汇总结.doc

专业英语词汇总结Crystallography and Diffraction 晶体学与衍射技术Solid-solid Transformation 固态转变Materials Science and Engineering(MSE) 材料科学与程Phase transformation/transition 相变The Coming of Materials Science 走进材料科学Microstructure 显微组织Property (材料的)性能Rearrangement of atoms 原子的重排Reconstructive Transformation 重构型转变Displacive transformation 位移型转变Diffusional transformation 扩散型转变Kinetics 动力学 quiz n.C考查,测验;提问vt.挖苦,嘲弄;对进行测验,查问,盘问（about） He quizzed me about my reasons for leaving. 他问我为什么缘故要走。The students were quizzed on history. 对学生进行了历史测验。 Thermodynamics 热力学（thermal 热力学的）Equilibrium transformation 平衡转变（non-equilibrium transformation 非平衡转变）Nucleation and growth transformation 形核长大式转变Continuous transformation 连续转变Spinodal decomposition 调幅分解（decomposition的本意是分解，腐烂或腐败的意思）Ceramics 陶瓷(学)，陶瓷制品Intermetallics 金属间化合物Condensation 凝结，凝聚Impurity 杂质 inclusion 夹杂物Mechanism 机制，机理Partitionless transformation 成分不变转变：它表示在整个转变过程中（包括转变前、转变时和转变后）相（包括母相和产物相）的成分都不变。（partition的本意是划分、分配的意思）Thermal activation 热激活Grain boundary 晶界 grain size 晶粒尺寸 grain refinement晶粒细化grain growth 晶粒长大 Interface界面,相界 glissile滑动的The formation of martensite is accomplished by the immigration of well-defined glissile interface（滑动界面） (121)fcc type and its misfit dislocations can produce the lattice invariant deformation (LID) on the basis of phenomenal theory of martensitic crystallography (PTMC), however, LID is retarded slightly after the migration of interphase (121)fcc, i.e. a thin plate-like zone exists without LID in martensite near the well-defined interface. 通过模型分析表明：fccbcc(bct)马氏体形核与长大过程是通过(121)fcc型择优界面推移进行的，界面上的错配位错可以完成马氏体晶体学唯象理论(PTMC)要求的点阵不变变形(LID)，但LID要稍滞后于界面迁移,即在马氏体形核与长大过程中推移界面新相一侧存在一未发生LID的新相薄区。Micro-alloyed steel 微合金化钢Solid solution 固溶体 solvent 溶剂 solute 溶质Solubility 溶解度 terminal solid solution 一次固溶体（端际固溶体） intermediate solid solution 二次固溶体（中间相） substitutional solid solution 置换固溶体Interstitial solid solution 间隙固溶体Complete solid solution 无限固溶体 limit solid solution 有限固溶体 random solid solution 无序固溶体 ordered solid solution 有序固溶体Interstices in fcc iron 在面心立方铁中的间隙Octahedral interstices 八面体间隙 tetrahedral interstices 四面体间隙Austenite奥氏体 ferrite铁素体 martensite马氏体Pearlite 珠光体 bainite贝氏体 ledeburite 莱氏体Widmannstatten structure魏氏组织 cementite渗碳体Carbide 碳化物 nodule小圆块 globule 小球Matrix 基体 precipitate 析出物，脱溶相 precipitation 析出（过程），脱溶（过程）Crystal defect 晶体缺陷 inclusion 夹杂物 impurity杂质Point defect 点缺陷 line defect 线缺陷 plain defect 面缺陷 bulk defect 体缺陷 vacancy 空位 stacking fault(energy)层错(能)七大晶系：cubic system 立方晶系 tetragonal system 四方晶系 orthorhombic system 正交晶系 hexagonal system 六方晶系monoclinic system 单斜晶系 triclinic system 三斜晶系Trigonal system 三方晶系（菱形晶系）Edge dislocation 刃型位错 screw dislocation 螺型位错Interstitial atoms 间隙原子 substitutional atoms 置换原子Equilibrium concentration 平衡浓度 imperfect dislocation不全位错Partial dislocation 部分位错 Burgers vector 柏氏矢量E.g:Any point defect has its own equilibrium concentration at a certain situation.Non-equilibrium segregation 非平衡偏聚Dislocation belongs to line defect.XRD(X-Ray Diffraction) X射线衍射EM(Electron Microscope) 电子显微镜TEM(Transmission Electron Microscope) 电子透射显微镜SEM(Scanning Electron Microscope) 扫描电子显微镜EPMA(Electron Probe Micro-Analysis) 点子探针显微分析STEM(Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope) 扫描透射电子显微镜各种元素Mn:manganese C:carbon Si:silicon Ni:nickle Cr:chromium(chrome) Mo:molybdenum V:vanadiumAl:aluminum(or aluminium) W:tungsten S:sulfur(sulphur)Ti:titanium Fe:iron Cu:copper P:phosphor Mg:magnesiumNa:sodium 石墨:graphite 青铜:bronze 黄铜:brass钢的类型：共析钢eutectoid 亚共析钢hypoeutectoid 过共析钢hypereutectoid普通碳素钢(plain carbon steel):低碳钢low carbon steel 中碳钢medium carbon steel高碳钢high carbon steel(低)合金结构钢(low)alloy structural steelHSLA:High Strength Low Alloy Steel低合金高强度钢不锈钢:stainless steel 工模具钢:tool and die steels易切削钢：free-machining steels铁素体不锈钢:ferritic stainless steel奥氏体不锈钢:austenitic stainless steel 马氏体不锈钢:martensitic stainless steelAllotropic materials 同素异晶材料 a tempered steel 回火态钢Hardened steel 淬火钢各种热处理工艺Anneal v.(annealing n.退火 full annealing完全退火 normalize正火Quench v.淬火 water-quench水淬 temper v.回火 drawing n.回火Spheroidize v. 球化退火(spheroidizing n.) soak保温(soak for a long time 长时间保温) heat treatment of metal materials金属材料的热处理等温淬火:austempering 分级淬火:martempering铸铁Gray iron 灰铸铁 malleable iron 可锻铸铁 white iron 百口铸铁Carbon content 碳含量材料的相关力学性能指标Strength 强度 hardness 硬度 ductility 塑性 toughness 韧性Elastici