轮机英语阅读理解.doc

This sequence of events is made possible by substituting ports in the bottom of the cylinder wall for the inlet and exhaust valves. There are two groups of these ports, one for exhaust and the other for scavenging air, usually on the opposite sides of the cylinder, but in some designs both groups arc arranged on the same side. The exhaust ports connect with the exhaust manifold, while the scavenging ports communicate with the scavenging air receiver in which low-pressure air is stored. The exhaust ports are slightly higher than the scavenging ports, so that they are uncovered by the piston while the scavenging ports are still closed. 1. From the paragraph above, we know that _. A. In general, both exhaust ports and scavenging air ports are on the opposite sides of the cylinder B. The exhaust ports are on the opposite sides, but the scavenging air ports are on the same sides C. The scavenging air ports are on the opposite sides, but the exhaust ports are on the same sides D. Two groups of parts are never arranged on the same sides 2. According to the above paragraph the exhaust ports link with _. A. the exhaust valves B. the scavenging air receivers C. the exhaust manifoldD. the scavenging ports The engine is also provided with a governor which is designed to regulate the engines speed by adjusting the quantity of oil injected. When the engine runs at a speed higher or lower than that is set, the governor will act automatically reduce or increase the fuel oil supply so that the engine can be adjusted. 3. From this paragraph we can understand that _. A. if the engine runs at a speed higher than that is set, the governor will increase the fuel oil supply B. if the engine runs at a speed higher than that is set, the governor will decrease the fuel oil supply C. the governor will not act until the engine runs at speed lower than that is set D. the governor regulates the engine s speed by adjusting the fuel oil injection 4. The engine governor is used for _. A. adjusting the fuel oil injection quality B. adjusting the engine speed C. keeping the engine at higher speed D. keeping the engine at lower speed 5. According to the paragraph what does which refer to? A. Engine B. GovernorC. SpeedD. The quantity of oil injected Because the exhaust gas driven turbo-blower cannot provide enough air at low engine speeds, the pressurized air should be cooled to increase the charge air density. As the air passes through the charge air cooler, its temperature may be reduced and moisture condensed, with the condensate in danger of being carried into the engine. So a water separator should be mounted beneath the bottom part of the engine inlet manifold. 1. A water separator is used in order to _. A. keep die air from being carried into the engine B. keep the moisture from being condensed C. keep the danger from being carried into the engine D. take away the condensate from the air 2. Why should we use a charge air cooler? A. In order to increase the charge air temperature. B. In order to increase the charge air pressure. C. In order to reduce moisture condensed. D. In order to increase the charge air density. Lubricating oil from the compressor will pass along the air lines and deposit on them, in the event of a cylinder air starting valve leaking, hot gases would pass into the air pipes and ignite the lubricating oil. If starting air were supplied to the engine, this would further feed the fire and could lead to an explosion in the pipelines. In order to prevent such an occurrence, cylinder-starting valves should be properly maintained and the pipelines regularly drained. Also oil discharged from compressors should be kept to a minimum, by careful maintenance. 3. Which of the following may cause an explosion according to the passage? A. Starting air cannot be supplied into the engine. B. Air starting valve leaks and starting air is supplied into the engine. C. Cylinder-starting valves are properly maintained. D. Oil discharged from compressors is kept to a minimum. 4. From the paragraph mentioned above we can know that _ A. the lube oil is passing and depositing on the oil transferring line B. the hot gases will certainly cause the lube oil to bum C. the compressor makes the lube oil pass through the starting valve D. once the leaking of starting valve occurs, hot gases may cause the lube oil to bum in the air pipes Fuel oil is thought to be one of the main factors, having much to do with the operation and maintenance of an engine. The fuel oil system for a diesel engine can be considered in two parts: the fuel supply and the fuel injection system. When the atomized fuel is injected into the combustion space, ignition is not altogether instantaneous, a definite time lag being measurable between the time of injection and ignition. The period of ignition lag depends, among other factora, on the ignition quality of the fuel and the temperature of the compressed air. 1. This paragraph tells us that _. A. ignition takes place before the injection of the atomized fuel B. ignition takes place simultaneously with the injection of the atomized fuel C. the period of ignition lag depends only on the quality of the foel and the temperature of the compressed air D. the ignition quality of the fuel and the temperature of the compressed air are the two main factors determining the period of ignition lag 2. instantaneous in the passage probably means_. A. simultaneous B. afterC. beforeD. when The crankshaft is built up, the forged main bearing journals being shrunk into cast steel crank throws. The crank throws are displaced from each other to obtain the same number of degrees between the different crank throws. The alignment of the crankshaft in the bedplate should be checked at intervals to ensure that the shaft is not subjected to additional bending stresses, which, under extreme conditions, may cause crankshaft failure. 3. What does the word alignment mean in this passage? A. the bedplate is checked at intervals B. to ensure that the shaft is not subjected to additional bending stresses C. to obtain the same number of degrees between the different crank throws D. arrangement in a straight line 4. The number of degrees between the different crank throws should be _. A. all the same B. a little bit different C. smaller D. larger 5. The purpose of alignment of the crankshaft is _. A. for the forged main bearing journals being shrunk into cast steel crank throws B. to decrease the additional bending stresses C. to ensure that the shaft is not subjected to additional bending stresses D. to obtain the same number of degrees between the different crank throws Sufficient potable water may be taken on in port to meet crew and passenger requirements but the quality of this water will be too poor for use in water tube boilers and will require further treatment by distillation . It is common practice to take on only a minimal supply of potable water and make up the rest by distillation of sea water. Even in vessels which cany sufficient potable water for normal requirements it is a statutory requirement that such ships, when ocean-going, should carry distillation plant for emergencyuse.The main object of distillation is to produce water essentially free of salts. Potable water should conta-in less than 500mg/litre of suspended solids. Good quality boiler feed will contain less than 2.5mg/litre. 1. The potable water means _. A. waste waterB. that the quality is too poor to drink C. the feed water for boilers D. drinking water 2. In common practice, when ocean-going every time, ships should take on _, A. sufficient potable waterB. minimal quantity potable water at least C. a distillation plantD. sufficient sea water 3. Suspended solids of the boiler feed will be _. A. less than 500mg/litreB. more than 500mg/litre C. less than 2. 5mg/litreD. more than 2.5mg/litre 4. Which of the following statements is not true? A. Potable water used as feed should be treated to meet boilers. B. The distillation plant can generate the fresh water. C. The quality of potable water is better than distilled water. D. A partial drink water can be made up by distillation of sea water. The control officer may determine if all operational requirements of Annex I of MARPOL 73/78 have been met, taking into account: (1) the quantity of oil residues generate; (2) the capacity of sludge and bilge water holding tank (s); and (3) the capacity of the oily water separator. including the inspection of the oil record book. The control officer may determine if reception facilities have been used and note any alleged inadequacy of such facilities. The control officer may determine whether the responsible officer is familiar with the handling of sludge and bilge water. The relevant items from the guidelines for systems for handling oily wastes in machinery spaces of ships may be used as guidance. Taking into account the above, the control officer may determine if the ullage of the sludge tank is sufficient for the expected generated sludge during the next intended voyage. The control officer may verify that, in respect of ships for which the Administration has waived the requirements of regulation 16(1) and (2) ,all oily bilge water is retained on board for subsequent discharge to a reception facility. When reception facilities in other ports have not been used because of inadequacy, the control officer should advise the Master to report the inadequacy of the reception facility to his own flag State, in conformity with MEPC/Circ. 215 of April. 1989. 1. All the following factors should be considered by the control officer except _. A. the quantity of oil residues generateB. the capacity of sludge holding tanks C. the capacity of bilge water holding tanksD. the capacity of the oil separator2. The control officer may determine if the ullage of the sludge tank is sufficient for the expected generated sludge during the next intended voyage. According to this sentence, which of the following statements is true? A. The control officer has known that the sludge tank is too small. B. The next voyage has been decided. C. The sludge generated during the voyage is too much to be filled into the sludge tank. D. The ullage of the sludge tank is enough. 3. MARPOL Convention is formulated by _. A. the Flag StateB. the Port StateC. the IMOD. the ILO 4. The word waive is closest in meaning to_. A. wait for willinglyB. suggest in willingly C. insist on willinglyD. give up willingly The engine performance is usually evaluated by comparing them with the corresponding observations from when the ship was new. The best and most simple method of summarizing and obtaining a clear picture of the parameter changes is to use the synopsis diagram, which includes a model curve and an actual service curve. These curves illustrate the functional relationship between the measured data and the parameter they are most dependent on or related to. A deviation curve can also be drawn based on the above-mentioned two curves. From the deviation curve, it is possible to easily follow the development and to determine which engine components should be overhauled, and also, from the slope of the curve, to determine approximately when the overhaul should be carried out, The mean indicated pressure is a very important parameter, and it, to a certain extent, represents the engine output, therefore the data of many other important parameters are analyzed as the function of the mean indicated pressure. In a synopsis diagram of the engine revolution, deviations from the model curve show whether the propeller is light or heavy, i.e. whether the torque on the propeller is small or large for a specified engine revolution. It is possible to judge whether the alterations are due to changes in the draught, or an increase in the propulsion resistance, for instance due to fouling of the hull. Valuable information is hereby obtained for determining a suitable docking schedule. 1. By which curve can we determine some engine components should be overhauled? A. A model curveB. An actual curveC. A MIP curveD. A deviation curve 2. According to the passage, to a certain extent, the engine output may be indicated by A. the torque on the propellerB. the fouling of the hull C. the RPM of the engineD. the MIP of the engine 3. The word deviation in this passage means_ . A. the synopsis diagramB. the model value C. the actual valueD. the difference between B and C 4. The torque on the propeller may vary with _. A. changes in the ships draught B. an increase in the propulsion resistance C. folding of the ship s hullD. all the aboveOut of the many hazards that can occur on ships, fire is by far the most frequent, and results in more total losses than any other casualty. Most fires start through negligence. A number of fatal accommodation fires have been started by people falling asleep smoking in bed; engine room fires have been started by neglected oil leaks dripping on to hot pipes or exhaust manifolds whose insulation has not been replaced after maintenance. Again, thoughtless smoking habits in machinery spaces have been the cause of many severe fires. 1. Which of the following hazards most often takes place on board ship? A. Hood B. FireC. Collision and groundingD. Black out 2. What is the main cause resulting in accommodation fires? A. Oil leakageB. Pipe hotC. Exhaust gasD. Smoking in bed 3. _ fires have been started by oil in the hot exhaust manifolds. A. AccommodationB. BedsC. EnginesD. Machinery spaces 4. We can infer from this paragraph that the main cause to make ship fires is A. people s negligenceB. someone smoking in bed C. leaking oilD. exhaust manifolds being replacedThe CO2 fire extinguishing installation may incorporate a smoke sampling system so that fire can be detected in the early stage at the smoke detecting cabinet, which is situated in the wheelhouse. Each cargo compartment is individually connected to the smoke detecting cabinet with small bore piping and, by a suction fan mounted on the wheelhouse roof, samples of the air in each cargo space are continually drawn up to the smoke detecting cabinet and discharged into the wheelhouse or the atmosphere through a diverting valve. Thus smoke from a fire in any cargo space can be immediately detected. 1.The CO2 fire extinguishing system may combine with _ to detect fire in the early stage of fire development. A. a smoke detecting systemB. a wheelhouse C. a cargo compartmentD. a crew s cabin 2. The function of the smoke sampling system is _. A. to analyze smoke components B. to detect fire in the early stage C. to prevent the wheelhouse from catching a fire D. to ventilate each cargo compartment 3. According to this paragraph, which of the following statements is true? A. The smoke sampling system consists of the CO; fire extinguishing installation and smoke detecting cabinet. B. The smoke detecting cabinet is located on the wheelhouse roof. C. The suction fan draws samples of the air from cargo spaces. D. Samples of the air flow into the detecting cabinet at regular intervals. 4. Which of the following devices does the smoke sampling system consist of? fire extinguishing installation; smoke detecting chamber; wheelhouse; cargo compartment; suction fan; diverting valve A. 、 B. 、C. 、 D. 、 A steam steam trap is a special type of valve which prevents the passage of steam but allows condensate to pass, It works automatically and is put into drain lines so that these drain off condensate automatically without passing any steam. There are three main types, namely mechanical, thermostatic and thermodynamic. 1. A steam trap is _. A. an auxiliary steam stop valveB. a feed water valve C. a drain valve which prevents steam passing D. a type of blow down valve 2. A steam trap is fitted in the _. A. drain pipe lineB. blow down lineC. soot blow lineD. supply steam line A defective steam trap wastes steam. To aid detection a sight glass or test cock should be fitted after each trap so that its peribnnance can be observed. If these are not provided then the only alternative is to open up traps regularly for inspection. The only exception is the thennodynamic type. When operating correctly this gives a characteristic click, usually at intervals of between 20 and 30s so that its performance can be checked simply by listening. 3. If the steam trap is out of order, _. A. there is no steam in the drain linesB. condensate will flow in a sight glass C. it works with sounding clickD. the steam pressure will decrease 4. How do you judge the thennodynamic type of steam trap operating n