英语名词性从句讲解与练习.doc

名词性从句主语从句引导主语从句的连接词主要有三类：连接词that，whether；连接代词what，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever等；连接副词when，where，why，how等。1连接词that，whether引导That the college wiU take in more new students this year is true今年这所大学将招收更多新生是真的。Whether he can finish his task on time is of great importance他是否能按时完成任务非常重要。特别提示(1)if不能引导主语从句。(2)形式主语it替代主语从句。常见的it替代主语从句的句式主要有以下几种：AIt+系动词+形容词+that从句。如：It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure很清楚，整个计划注定要失败。BIt+系动词+名词+that从句。如：It is our hope that the two sides will work towards peace我们的希望是双方能朝着和平的方向发展。CIt+be+ved形式+that从句。如：It is announced that the plan has been successfully carried out据宣布计划已经顺利实施。2连接代词引导What we cant get seems better than what we already have我们得不到的东西似乎比我们拥有的东西好。who the letter was from is still unknown这封信是谁寄出的还不清楚。Whichever of you gets here first will get the prize你们当中第一个到达这里的人将获得奖项。3连接副词引导How acupuncture reduces and relieves pain is unclear针灸是如何减轻和解除疼痛的还不清楚。why dinosaurs suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery恐龙为什么突然消失了还是个谜。 宾语从句引导宾语从句的连接词主要有三类：连接词that，whether，if等，连接代词what，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever等，连接副词when，where，why，how等。1连接词that，whether，if引导I think(that)you should turn to the teacher for help我认为你应该向老师寻求帮助。I dont know if/whether he still lives here after so many years我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。特别提示whether/if都意为“是否”。一般情况下，它们可以互换，口语中常用if，但以下情况中，只能用whether。(1)与or not紧接连用时。如：Let me knoW whether or not you can come请让我知道你是否能来。(2)作介词的宾语从句时。如：We are interested in whether you will attend the meeting我们对你是否参加会议感兴趣。2连接代词和连接副词引导连接代词有what，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever等，连接副词有when，where，why，how等。如：She asked me whose handwriting was the best in the class她问我班上谁的书法最好。I11 just say whatever comes into my mind我想到什么就说什么。Do you know when the ancient Olympic Games began?你知道古代的奥运会是什么时间开始的吗?Ive been thinking about how we can make the newspaper more interesting我一直在考虑如何使我们的报纸更用趣。3宾语从句的语序在宾语从句中要用陈述句语序。如：He asked me when we could set out the next day他问我第二天什么时候可以出发。Did you find out where she lost her car?你查出她在哪里丢的车了吗?4宾语从句的时态(1)当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时时，其宾语从句的时态可以是任何适当的时态。如：She says(that)she works from Monday to Friday她说她周一至周五上班。(从句是一般现在时)she says(that)she will leave a message on his desk她说她要在他桌子上留个便条。(从句是一般将来时)She says(that)she has never been to Mount Emei她说她从来没有去过峨眉山。(从句是现在完成时)(2)当主句的谓语动词是一般过去式时，其宾语从句的时态一般要用适当的过去时态。如：He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon他说昨天下午没有课。(从句是一般过去时)He said that he was going to take care of the baby他说他会去照看这个婴儿。(从句是过去将来时)He said that they were having a meeting at that time他说他们那时正在开会。(从句是过去进行时)(3)当宾语从句是表达客观真理和规律的句子时，其时态仍旧用一般现在时。如：The teacher told us that nothing is difficult if we put our hearts into it老师告诉我们世上无难事，只怕有心人。He said that light travels much faster than sound他说光比声音传播得快。特别提示在使用宾语从句时需要注意下面几点：(1)动词find，feel，think，consider，make，believe，guess，suppose，assume等后有宾语补足语时，则需要用it作形式宾语，而将that宾语从句后置。如：I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的。I have made it a rule that I keep diaries我每天写日记成了惯例。(2)hate，like，take，owe，have，take for granted等表示“喜欢；痛恨；认为”的动词或动词短语和see to表示“注意，留意”后有宾语补足语时，需要用it作形式宾语而将宾语从句后置。如：I hate it when they talk with their mouth full of food我讨厌他们满嘴食物说话。When you start the engine，you must see to it that the car is in neutral启动发动机时，一定要使汽车的离合器处于空档位置。(3)介词后的宾语从句。如：She is always thinking of how she can do more for others她总想着如何才能为别人做得更多。We are talking about whether we admit students into our club我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部。(4)宾语从句的否定转移。将think，believe，suppose，expect，fancy，imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。如：I dont think I know you我想我并不认识你。I dont believe he will come我相信他不回来。表语从句常由连接词that，whether；连接代词who，whom，whose，which，what，whoever，whomever，whichever，whatever；连接副词when，where，how，why引导。1连接词引导The reason for his absence is that he hasnt been informed他缺席的原因就是他没接到通知。The question remains whether they will be able to help us问题还是他们能否帮我们。2连接代词和连接副词引导The problem is who will take charge of this shop问题是谁将接管这家店铺。That is when I realized the importance of journalism那时我才意识到新闻工作的重要性。特别提示(1)as/as if/as though引导的表语从句常跟在特定动词后面，如seem，appear，look，taste，sound，feel等。如：It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door听上去好像有人在敲门。At that time，it seemed as though I couldnt think of the right word当时我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。(2)当主句的主语是reason时，表语从句一般由that引导，这种用法常见于句型The reason whyis that。如：The reason why he came late was that he got up late他来得晚是因为起床晚了。 同位语从句同位语从句在句子中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词之后，说明该名词的具体内容。这些名词常见的有idea，fact，news，hope，belief，thought，doubt，promise，suggestion，order等。1通常用连词that引导同位语从句，that无词义，也不作句子成分，但不能省略。注意从句用陈述句语序。如：They expressed the hope that we would go and visit Shanghai again他们表示希望我们再去访问上海。I have no idea that she quit her present job我不知道她辞掉了现在的工作。Give me your promise that you will come to our party this evening答应我，你今天晚上会来参加我们的聚会。2同位语从句还可以用whether，when，where，why，how等引导。如：The student asked me the question whether the book Was worth reading学生问了我这个问题：这本书是否值得一读。I have no idea why he was excited at that time我不知道当时他激动的原因。 名词性从句需要注意的事项1 that的用法。在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中that一般不能够省略；在宾语从句中有时可以省略，一般需要注意下面两点：(1)当that从句作介词宾语时，that不能省略。如：They share little in common except that they are from the same country除了来自同一个国家之外，他们几乎没有共同点。(2)当主句谓语动词后接两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，可以省略第一个that，其他的不省略。如：I believe(that)youve done your best and that things will improve我相信你已经尽力了，而且情况也会得到改善。2that与what的区别。that在从句中不能够充当句子成分，也没有含义；what可以在从句中作主语、表语、宾语或定语，意思是”什么，的事情”。如：The hope that he may recover is not gone yet他会康复的希望没有消失。(that不充当成分，也无含义)Wht he said proved to be true他所说的话证明是正确的。(what作said的宾语，可以翻译为“的话”)3定语从句与同位语从句的区别。定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制；而同位语从句是对从句前面的抽象名词作进一步的说明和解释。如：The news that our team has won the game Was true我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。(同位语从句，补充说明news到底是一个什么消息)The news that he told me yesterday Was true昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。(定语从句，news在从句中作told的宾语)I made a promise that if anyone set me free 1 would make him very rich我许诺如果谁让我自由，我就让他非常富有。(同位语从句，补充说明promise的内容)The mother made a promise that pleased all her children妈妈许下了一个令她的孩子们高兴的诺言。(定语从句，promise在从句中作pleased的主语)英语名词性从句练习1 My mind wasnt on what he was saying so Im afraid I _half of it.A. was missing B. had missed C. will miss D. missed2 You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is _I disagree.A why B. where C. what D. how 3 I think father would like to know _ Ive been up to so far, so I decided to send him a quick note.A. which B. why C. what D. how4 Parents are taught to understand _important education is to their childrens future.A. that B. how C. such D. so5 Tom was Janes brother. -_he reminded me so much of Jane.A. No doubt B. About all C. No wonder D Of course6 Ive learnt _, no matter what happens and how bad _seems today, life goes on and it will be better tomorrowA. it; that B. that; it C. it; it D. that; that7 Its wrong for a student to follow _his teachers say. -Its true. I cant agree moreA. what B. no matter what C. however D. whatever8 The reason _he was late for the meeting was _his car had been blocked by an accident.A that; why B. how; why C why; that D. why ; because9 Determination is a kind of basic quality and is _it takes to do jobs well.A that he would lie B he would lie C. that he lie D. that he must lie10 Black should have taken the doctors advice _in bed for a day or two.A. that he would lie B. he would lie C. that he lie D. that he must lie11 Hi! Lily, Come in.-Oh, yeah, I stopped by to see _you were still looking for a roommate to share your house.A. that B. if C. how D. why12 Why are you always making such mistakes? -Sorry. I think I was not _this morningA. myself B. for myself; C. to myself D. by myself13 Nowadays the doctors are trying their best to reduce peoples fear _they would be affected by the present disease.A. why B. how C. if D. that14 The small mountain village where we spent our holiday last summer is _is now part of Hunan.A. which B. what C. that D. where15. Who was the first man on the moon? - I have no idea_A. who was the first man on the moon B. if the first man on the moon wasC. who the first man on the moon was D. whether the first man on the moon was16 We were interested in _we had seen at the exhibition.A. which B. that C. all what D. All17. Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was _ it was rather closely modeled on his own life.A. what B. that C. why D. Whether18. We havent discussed yet _ we are going to place our new furniture. A. that B. which C. what D. where19. Teachers recommend parents _ their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.A. not allow B. do not allow C. mustnt allow D. couldnt allow20. Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears. No one in the office knew _ she was so angry.A. where B. whether C. that D. why 21. I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.-Thats_I dont agree .You should have a more active life.A. where B.how C.when D.what22. Its no use having ideas only .Dont worry. Peter can show you _to turn an idea into an act.A. how B. who C. what D. Where23. Tina was hesitation about the job offer as she did not know _ the company was an established one.Awhether Bwhat Cuntil DAlthough24. There is no obvious evidence _ there is life on any other planet in the solar system. Awhich Bthat Chow Dwhere25. As a new graduate, he doesnt know _ it takes to start a business here.A. how B. what C. When D. Which26. How about camping this weekend, just for a change?OK, _ you want.A whichever Bhowever Cwhatever DWhoever27. It is uncertain _ side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it.Athat Bwhat Chow DWhether28. She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to do it takes to save her life.A. whichever B. however C. whatever D. whoever29. The fact has worried many scientists _ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.A. what B. which C. that D. though30. Could I speak to is in charge of International Sales please?A. who B. what C. whoever D. whatever31. One of the most important questions they had to consider was of public healthA. what B. this C. that D. which32. The how to book can be of help to wants to do the job.A. who B. whomever C. no matter who D. whoever33. As a new diplomat, he often thinks of he can react more appropriately on such occasions.A. what B. which C. that D. how34. News came from the school office _Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University.A. which B. what C. that D. where35. It is obvious to the students _ they should get well prepared for their future.A. as B. which C. whether D. that36. Is there any possibility _ you could pick me up at the airport?No problem.A. When B. that C. whether D. what37. We should consider the students request _ the school library provide more books on popular science.A. that B. when C. which D. where38. Many young people in the West are expected to leave _ could be lifes most important decisionmarriagealmost entirely up to luck.A. as B. that C. which D. what39. The little girl who got lost decided to remain _she was and wait for her mother.A. where B. what C. how D. who 40. The companies are working together to create they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21stcentury. A. which B. that C. what D. who41. The last time we had great fun was _ we were visiting the Water Park. A. where B. how C. when D. why42. Students are always interested in finding outthey can go with a new teacher.Ahow far Bhow soon Chow often Dhow long43. When asked they needed most，the kids said they wanted to feel important and loved.A.what B.why C.whom D.which44. Tomorrow is Toms birthday. Have you got any idea the party is to be held?A. what B. which C. that D. where45. People in Chongqing are proud of they have achieved in the past ten years.A.that B.which C.what D.how46. Some children want to challenge themselves by learning a language different from _ their parentsspeak at home.A. what B. that C. which D. one47. is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing.A.It B.What C.As D.Which48. was most important to her，she told me，was her family.A.It B.This C.What D.As49. matters most in learning English is enough practice.A.What B.Why C.Where D.Which50. The seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer.Warm sunshine and soft sands make it is.A.what B.which C.how D.where51. You can only be sure of you have at present; you cannot be sure of something you might get in the future.A.that;what B.what;/ C.which;that D./;that52. Having checked the doors were closed，and all the lights were off，the boy opened the doorto his bedroom.A.why B.that C.when D.where53. parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children.A.That B.Which C.What D.As54. Why not try your luck downtown，Bob? Thats the best jobs are.A.where B.what C.when D.why55. It is none of your business other people think about you.Believe yourself.A.how B.what C.which D.when56. Choosing the right dictionary depends on you want to use it for.A.what B.why C.how D.whether57. Could I speak to is in charge of International Sales，please?A.anyone B.someone C.whoever D.no matter who58. worries me the way he keeps changing his mind.A.This B.That C.What D.It59 Could you do me a favor? It depends on it is.A.which B.whichever C.what D.whatever60. What we used to think impossible now does seem possible.A.is B.was C.has been D.will be61. team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships.A.No matter what B.No matter which C.Whatever D.Whichever62. A warm thought suddenly came to me I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers formy mothers birthday.A.if B.when C.that D.which63. Its thirty years since we last met.But I still remember the story，believe it or not， we got lost on a rainy night.A.which B.that C.what D.when64. See the flags on top of the building? That was we did this morning.A.when B.which C.where D.what65.What did your parents think about your decision?They always let me do I think I should.A. when B.that C.how D.what66. makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.A.What B.Who C.Whatever D.Whoever67. Mary wrote an article on the team had failed to win the game.A.why B.what C.who D.that68. Elephants have their own way to tell the shape of an object and it is rough or smooth.A./ B.whether C.how D.what69. Do you have any idea is actually going on in the classroom?A.that B.what C.as D.which70. Mum is coming.What present for your birthday?A.you expect she has got B.you expect has she gotC.do you expect she has got D.do you expect has she got