英语自然拼读法.docx

资料一 英语单词直接拼读法一、辅音字母的读音规则1. c 在字母e，i，y前读/s/，如cell，city，cyst； 其余情况下读/K/，如cat，club，code.2. g 在字母e，i，y前读/，如gene，gin，gym； 其余情况下读/g/，如beg, golf, game.3. s 多数情况下读/s/，如six，desk，yes； 有时读/z/，如is，his，visit(读/z/时可下画一条横线)。4. x 处于两元音字母之间，且其后元音重读时，读/gz/，如exist； 其余情况下读/ks/，如six, next, excuse.5. q 读/k/,如Irq, NASDAQ (股票名); 常与字母u用在一起, qu 读/kw/, 如 quick, question.二、 辅音字母组合的读音规则1. ch, tch 读/，如China, much；catch, match2. ph, gh 读 /f/，如photo, phone 3. sh 读 /，如shape, she, short, fish4. th 多数情况下读/，如 three, third 但有时读/ ,如 that, than, with.(读/时可下画一线). 5. wh 在字母o前读/h/,如 who, whom, whose(其中的字母o读/u:/) ； 其余情况下读/w/，如which，when，why.6. dg, dj 读/，如judge，lodging；adjust,adjective.7. n 在和字母g构成字母组合时，以及处于读/g/或/k/的字母前（如c, g, k等）读/。如 long,thing,length；uncle,zinc；angry,finger；drink,think,thank.8. gu 在元音前读/g/，如guess,guide,guest；在字母n后读/gw/，如language， distinguish，linguist. 字母n因为处于/g/音前而读/.9. 两个读同一个音的字母并列时,只读一个,如little,miss,hill,hobby；clock,neck,black； scene,science,scythe,excite,except；according,accuse,occur. 三、 元音字母在重读音节中的读音规则 英语中有四类重读音节：闭音节，开音节，r音节，re音节。1. 闭音节 指以辅音字母结尾的音节。 元音字母 a,e,i(y),o,u 在重读闭音节中分别读 /e/i/ ,如 hand, help,lip,gym,hot,club.2. 开音节 指以元音字母、元音字母+哑e或一个辅音字母+哑e结尾的音节。 后者也叫约定开音节. 元音字母 a,e,i(y),o,u 在重读开音节中分别读/ei/i:/ai/u/ju:/ (即读字母名称，但y读/ai/)。如： a,face,make,age; he,mete, see,eve; I,hi,by,bye,time,type; go, home,stone,toe; cube,tube,use. 但字母u 在字母 j，l，r 后，读/u:/,不读/ju:/，如 June,blue,rule.3. r音节 指以字母r或r +辅音字母结尾的音节。 在r音节中：ar 读/:/, or 读/:/,er, ir, yr, ur 都读/:/。 如：arm,far,start,large,Marx；or,for,cord,order； verb,her,serve；sir,first,dirty,circle,myrtle； hurt,nurse,return,murmur.注1 双r前的音节，是闭音节，不是r音节。如：carry,marry,berry,mirror,sorry,hurry.注2 在/w/音后，ar读/:/, 如 war,warm,warn；or读/:/, 如 word,work,world,worse.4. re音节 指元音字母与 re 结合而成的音节。 在re音节中：are读/e/，ere读/i/，ire,yre读/ai/，ore读/ :/, ure读/ ju/。如： care,dare,rare,hare,prepare；here,mere,severe；fire,wire,tire,entire,tyre； more,fore,core,before； cure,pure,endure四、 元音字母在非重读音节中的读音规则1. a, o, u 读/，如 China, second, difficult.2. e, i, y 读/i/,如 result,victim,happy.3. ar, er, ir, or, ur, yr 读/,如 grammar,letter,circumference,doctor, murmur,martyr,persist,western,eastern.4. o, u 处于词末时分别读/u/,/ju:/(即不弱化，按重读音节规则读)。 如 cargo, Negro；menu.5. u 在多音节词中，紧邻重读音节时，读/ju/(即轻度弱化)。如regular,popular,monument.6. a,i,y,u 在多音节动词中，处于约定开音节结尾中，按重读音节读。如 isolate,advertise,analyse,substitute.7. y 在多音节动词词末不弱化，读/ai/。如：satisfy,maltiply,occupy 五、 元音字母组合的读音规则1. au,aw 读/:/,如 cause, aural, launch, sauce, law, dawn.2. eu,ew(iew)读/ju:/,如 neutral, deuce；new, view, review.3. ou,ow 读/au/,如 house, loud；how,now, down.4. ai,ay 读/ei/,如 wait, aid；day, may.5. ei,ey 读/ei/,如 veil, weight；grey, they, convey6. oi,oy 读/i/,如 choice, oil；boy, toy.7. ea,ee 读/ i:/,如 eat, cheap；deep, need.8. ie,(c)ei 读/i:/,如 field, believe；receive, ceiling.9. oa 读/u/,如 road, soap, boat.10. ue 读/ju:/,如 Tuesday, value, pursue.11. air,aer 读/e/,如 air,fair; aerial, aeroplane.12. ear,eer 读/i/如 ear, clear；beer, deer.13. our 读/au/如 our, sour, hour.14. oo 1.读/u/: 在字母k前（book,look,took）和在good,foot,stood,wood,wool 及其派生词(goodness,football,woolen等)中读/u/。 2.读/u:/: 在其余情况下读/u:/,如: cool,food,loose,room,zoo. 3.读/ /: 在flood，blood及其派生词（flooding,bloodless等）中读/ /.15. igh 读/ai/,如 high, light, might, night.16. augh,ough 读/:/,如 daughter, caught, taught；ought,fought, thought。17. oul 在 could,should,would 中读/u/。六、 几个非重读后缀或字母组合的读音规则1. a 在后缀-ace，-ade，-age，-ate中读/i/，如 palace,comrade,village,accurate.2. e 在后缀-el,-en,-ent,-ence,-ency中读/,如cruel,open,student,silence,fluency.3. i 在后缀-ible中读/, 如 possible.4. ai,ay,ei,ey 在非重读音节中一般弱读为/i/,如mountain,Friday,forfeit,valley.5. -ful 读/ful/,如 helpful, harmful, useful.6. -gue 读/g/,如 dialogue, catalogue.7. -que 读/k/,如 cheque, picturesque.8. -ous 读/s/,如 famous, generous, nervous. 9. -our 读/,如 favour, honour, labour.10. -ure 读/,如 figure, injure. 但在failure中读/j/. 11. -ow 读/u/,如 window, yellow, pillow.12. -ture 读/,如 picture, culture, furniture.13. -sure 在元音字母后读/,如 closure, exposure. 在辅音字母后读/，如 pressure,flexure(x=ks).14. -ion 读/n/, 如 fashion, cushion.15. -tion 读/n/ 如 nation, production, solution.16. -stion 读/sn/ , 如 question, sugestion, digestion.17. -sion 在元音字母后读/n/，如 vsion, occasion, divsion； 在辅音字母后读/n/，如 discussion,impression,expansion.18.-ce,-ci,-si,-ti,-xi 在字母 a,e,o 前读/，如： ocean； social；Asia；partial； Egyptian；suffcient；patient；prcious；Russian；anxious.19. -i 在字母 d,t,n,l 后，且在元音字母前，读/j/。如 audience,frontier,opinion,familar.20. -ed（过去式后缀） 在清辅音后读 /t/,如：worked, jumped, missed. 在浊辅音和元音后读 /d/,如：robbed, begged；played,studied. 在字母d，t 后读 /id/,如：needed, plnted.21. -(e)s(名词或动词词尾) 在清辅音后读 /s/,如：desks, lamps, looks. 在浊辅音和元音后读/z/,如：pigs, pens, plays, goes. 在/,z,s/等音后读/iz/,如：urges, watches, wishes, rses, faces.资料二 孩子必须会的自然拼读知识1.二十六个字母的读音 (Letter Sounds).五个元音字母(a, e, i, o, u), 每个发两种音：长音（其字母音）和短音y不在单词开头时，一般被看做元音2.单元音单词拼读 (Consonant-Vowel-Consonant Combinations)如果一个英语单词或音节里只有一个元音, 且元音不在末尾，这个元音一般发短音.如：Sam, cat, mat, 等等Beginning ConsonantsEnding ConsonantsOne Vowel Word, Short Vowel Sounds3.双元音单词拼读(Two Vowel Words):一个单词或音节里有两个元音时，一般来说，前边一个元音发长音（其字母音），后边一个元音不发音如：make, mail, may, hay, say, see, sea, meet, meat, key, five, nine, tie, road, coat, toe, cute等等4.双/三辅音在一起时的联读 (Consonant Blends)Beginning consonant blends (bl, br, cl, cr, dr, fl, fr, gl, fr, pl, pr, sc, sk, sl, sm, sn, sp, st, sw, tr, tw, scr, spl, str)Ending consonant blends (ft, lf, lm, lp, lt, mp, nd, nk, nt, pt, sk, st)Words ending in ll, ss, ffl Consonant digraphs (ch, th, sh, wh)5.特殊读法(1) 带元音的特殊读法(Irregular Vowels)igh, ing, ind, ild, ar, or, oi, oy, alt, alk, ost, old, er, ir, ur, ew, sion, tion, eigh, all, ow, ow, ou, ay, ous, ed, ed (t), ed (d), aw, au, oo, oo以上字母组合作为整体音节发音。需记住它们所发的音。Examples:ar (car, far), air (hair), are (hare), au, augh (caught), aw (hawk)al, all (all, tall, mall, hall), alk (talk, walk), alt (halt, salt), ay (may, play)l ew (new, few), eigh (eight, weight),ed:usays /ed/: patted, landed, liftedusays /t/: walked, hopped, stoppedusays /d/: cried, played, cheweder (sister, brother), ir (girl, fir, firm), ur (burn, hurt)ie (field), ing(king, sing, dancing), ind (find, kind, behind), ild (mild, wild, child), igh (high, night, light), ireoi (oil, boil), oy (boy, toy), old (old, cold), ost (most, host), olt,oo (book), oo (tool, school), or (or, for, horn),ow (读音一：cow, now, how, bow；读音二：bow, low, blow, snow),ou (shout, out, loud)ould (could, would), ough (五种不同的读音：cough, through, ought, slough, plough),ought, , ous (famous, nervous),ue (cruel), ui (fluid)tion (attention, fiction), sion (passion, expression),ending sounds : ang, ong, ung, edge, le6. 特殊读法(2)l 如果一个单词或音节里只有一个元音,而且元音在末尾，这个元音一般发长音（其字母音） (Vowel at the end)如：me, hi, go, baby, table, humor，hibernate 等等。Y在末尾 (作为元音处理）（y at the end）：u 单音节词, 没有其他元音，y发”I”(one syllable word, y at the end (pronounced as “I”): my, why, fly, skyu 多音节词, y发”E” 的音(two or more syllables, y at the end (pronounced as “E”): daddy, mommy, baby，honey, crazy7. 特殊读法(3) - 固定读音的单词 (Sight Word):is, are, the, a, to, here, hey, have, son, love, come, give, field 等.它们不遵守前边的发音规则，需要死记硬背。8. 特殊读法(4) 辅音的特殊读法有一些辅音不发音 (silent consonants)u Silent b: comb, lambu Silent h: ghostu Silent k: knife, knock, knob, knowu Silent w: write, wrist, wreck c 和 k 在一起时，发一个音: quick, black等. q 总是和u在一起：quite, quick, quit, quilt等.之所以指出这一点, 是在这里u不能再被认为是元音, 而是和q一起组成一个辅音组合. 于是, 在quite这个单词里只有两个元音, 是双元音单词, 第一个元音i发字母音, 第二个元音e不发音.p和 h在一起, 发/f/的音: phone, photo.复数s及末尾s的读音(Plural s and the sounds of ending s)c和g 的两种读音:u 如果i(或y)或者 e 跟在c或者g的后边, c发/s/, g发/j/的音: center, cigar, nice, mice, gem, giant, gym, page.u 其他情况下, c发/k/, g发/g/: can, clap, cup, great, glad, got, goat, log.u 特殊情况： get, give9. 多音节单词和复合词 (Words with multiple syllables and compound words)多音节单词: believe, multiple, syllable, compound复合词: homework, highway, sidewalk, inside,自然拼音拼读练习表第一天：a e i o u a_e e_e i_e o_e u_eAa : mat map bag cat hat fan bat appleEe:egg well red pen net hen bed bellIi: lick six bib pig pin kiss ink hillOo:ox on octopus box sock operate ostrichUu:sun umbrella cup bus nut gun uncle undercape name tape lake game make take hatethese Japanese Chinesebite five nine kite mine nice ride siderose nose rope note pose home rode thosetube cube June cute huge第二天:ai ay ee ea ey ie igh oa ow ui ueai: tail rain paint pain jail rail nail maiday:bay ray way say hay pay May layee:reeds eel bee peel jeep feet see teethea:sea meat peanut eagle peach tea leaf peaey:donkey monkey jockey turkey monkey hockey key trolleyie:tie pie lie dieigh:right sight night tight hight fight high sighoa:road toast toad coal goat boat coat soapow:rainbow pillow yellow window bowl row hollow lowui:suit juice fruitue:Sue blue glue true第三天:ar er ir ur orar: arm car armchair card cart farm park gardener:sister brother under rooster winter mermaid marker motherir:birthday circus dirty bird circle dirt girlur:turtle surfing turkey fur hurt purse nurseor:porch pork horse horn fort morning corn fork第四天:ou ow oi oy au aw oo oo eaou:house out mouth count fountain mountain shout mouseow:cow towel clown owl crown brown flower toweroi:coin oil point noise boil soil poison coiloy:oyster boy cowboy soy toyau:august sause sausage naughty autumn applauseaw:paw draw saw straw strawberry lawnoo:moon zoo roof rooster boots food spoon room cool fool boom foolishoo:book cook good foot look hookea:head sweater sweat pear lead bear leather feather第五天:ch sh wh ph th th kn wr mbch:beach lunch cheese bench church chicken chair cherrysh:sheep shirt ship fish dish push shoes shovelwh:whale white wheel wheat whip whistle wheelchair whisperph:photo elephant telephone trophy pharmacy alphabetth:brother feather leather father motherth:thumb three bathmat thirsty thief bath mouth teethkn:knob knee knife knock knitwr:wrist wrinkle wrap wreath writemb:thumb lamb bomb comb crumb numb第六天:bl fl pl cl gl br cr gr pr fr tr drbl:blue black blouse bloom bleach blanket blonde hairfl: flat flu fly flame flute floor flag flowerpl:plane play plus planet platform plum plate plantcl:clock cloud clean clay climb close clap clowngl:glove globe glass glue glasses gliderbr:bright brook brim bride brown bread brick brothercr:crown crab cream crow crayon crocodile cry croissantgr:gray green grass grapes ground grow grandmapr:prixe price prawn press prince princess prayfr:frog frost Friday French fries fruit front friend frametr:tractor truck train tray tree triangle trunk trolleydr:dream drum dry drop draw drive dress drink第七天:sm sn sl sw sp st sc sk all ew ysm:smile small smell smoke smoothsn:snowman snow snore snake snail sneakers sneakers snacksl:slow slap sleep slide slope sledsw:switch swallow swan swim sweet swing sweater sweatsp:spider spaceship spinach spoon spellst:stockings store star stamp storm stick student standsc:scarf scooter scanner scarecrow scale scorpion scoopsk:skunk skis skirt skatesall:call tall fall ball wallew:dew few view hew new nephew newspaperYy: sky fly dry spy type shy cry my Yy :Miny sunny puppy dizzy dirty pony happy baby自然拼音强化练习：Tongue twister1.A big black bear sat on a big black bug.2.A big black bug bit a big black dog on his big black nose!3.Cat, Cat, catch that fat rat.4.A fat cat catches a m