定语从句详解+例句(精品)

精品文档 1欢迎下载 定语从句详解定语从句详解 例句例句 一 定语从句及相关术语 1 定语从句 修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句 一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后 面 2 关系词 引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词 关系词有关系代词和关系副词 关系代词有 that which who whom whose as 等 关系副词有 where when why 等 关系词常有 3 个作用 1 引导定语从句 2 代替先行词 3 在定语从句中担当一个成分 二 关系代词引导的定语从句 1 who 指人 在从句中做主语 1 The boys who are playing football are from Class One 2 Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way 2 whom 指人 在定语从句中充当宾语 常可省略 1 Mr Liu is the person whom you talked about on the bus 2 Mr Ling is just the boy whom I want to see 注意 关系代词 whom 在口语和非正式语体中常用 who 代替 可省略 3 The man who whom you met just now is my friend 3 which 指物 在定语从句中做主语或者宾语 做宾语时可省略 1 Football is a game which is liked by most boys 2 This is the pen which he bought yesterday 4 that 指人时 相当于 who 或者 whom 指物时 相当于 which 在宾语从句中做主语或 者宾语 做宾语时可省略 5 The number of the people that who come to visit the city each year rises one million 6 Where is the man that whom I saw this morning 5 whose 通常指人 也可指物 在定语从句中做定语 1 He has a friend whose father is a doctor 2 I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in whose 指物时 常用以下结构来代替 3 The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired 4 The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired 5 Do you like the book whose cover is yellow 6 Do you like the book the color of which is yellow 三 介词 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时 从句常由介词 关系代词引导 1 The school that which he once studied in is very famous 2 The school in which he once studied is very famous 3 Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine that which you asked for 精品文档 2欢迎下载 4 Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked 5 We ll go to hear the famous singer whom that who we have often talked about 6 We ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked 注意 1 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用 如 look for look after take care of 等 1 This is the watch which that I am looking for T 2 This is the watch for which I am looking F 2 若介词放在关系代词前 关系代词指人时用 whom 不可用 who 或者 that 指物时用 which 不能用 that 关系代词是所有格时用 whose 1 The man with whom you talked is my friend T 2 The man who that you talked with is my friend F 3 The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable T 4 The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable F 3 介词 关系代词 前可有 some any none both all neither most each few 等代词或者数词 1 He loved his parents deeply both of whom are very kind to him 2 In the basket there are quite many apples some of which have gone bad 3 There are forty students in our class in all most of whom are from big cities 四 关系副词引导的定语从句 1 when 指时间 在定语从句中做时间状语 1 I still remember the day when I first came to the school 2 The time when we got together finally came 2 where 指地点 在定语从句中做地点状语 1 Shanghai is the city where I was born 2 The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down 3 why 指原因 在定语从句中做原因状语 1 Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane 2 I don t know the reason why he looks unhappy today 注意 关系副词引导的从句可以由 介词 关系代词 引导的从句替换 1 The reason why for which he refused the invitation is not clear 2 From the year when in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up 3 Great changes have taken place in the city in which where I was born 五 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句举例 1 The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on 2 China is a country which has a long history 非限制性定语从句举例 1 His mother who loves him very much is strict with him 精品文档 3欢迎下载 2 China which was founded in 1949 is becoming more and more powerful 要注意区分以下几个句子的不同 1 His brother who is now a doctor always encourages him to go to college 他那当医生的哥哥常鼓励他要考上大学 他还有其他的哥哥 2 His brother who is now a doctor always encourages him to go to college 他的哥哥是当医生的 常鼓励他要考上大学 他只有一个哥哥 难点分析 一 限制性定语从句只能用 that 的几种情况 1 当先行词是 anything everything nothing something 除外 few all none little some 等代词时 或者是由 every any all some no little few much 等 修饰时 1 Have you taken down everything that Mr Li has said 2 There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world 3 All that can be done has been done 4 There is little that I can do for you 注意 当先行词指人时 偶尔也可以用 who 4 Any man that who has a sense of duty won t do such a thing 2 当先行词被序数词修饰 1 The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben 3 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时 1 This is the best film that I have seen 4 当形容词被 the very the only 修饰时 1 This is the very dictionary that I want to buy 2 After the fire in his house the old car is the only thing that he owned 当先行词指人时 偶尔也可以用 who 3 Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting 5 当先行词前面有 who which 等疑问代词时 1 Who is the man that is standing there 2 Which is the T shirt that fits me most 6 当先行词既有人 也有动物或者物体时 1 Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned 二 关系代词 as 和 which 引导的定语从句 as 和 which 引导非限制性定语从句 有相同之处也有不同之处 具体情况是 1 As 和 which 都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语 代表前面整个句子 1 He married her as which was natural 2 He was honest as which we can see 2 as 引导非限制性定语从句 可放在主句之前 或者主句之后 甚至可以切割一个主句 which 引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后 另外 as 有 正如 正像 的意思 1 As is known to all China is a developing country 2 He is from the south as we can see from his accent 3 John as you know is a famous writer 精品文档 4欢迎下载 4 He has been to Paris more than several times which I don t believe 注意 当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时 常用 which 5 Tom was always late for school which made his teacher angry 3 当先行次受 such the same 修饰时 常用 as 1 I have never heard such a story as he tells 2 He is not such a fool as he looks 3 This is the same book as I lost last week 注意 当先行次由 the same 修饰时 偶尔也用 that 引导定语从句 但是和由 as 所引导 的定语从句意思不同 4 She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary s wedding 她穿着她在 Mary 婚礼上穿过的一条裙子 5 She wore the same dress as her young sister wore 她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子 三 以 the way 为先行词的定语从句通常由 in which that 引导 而且通常可以省略 1 The way in which that he answered the question was surprising 四 but 有时也可以做关系词引导定语从句 1 There are very few but understand his idea but who don t 五 区分定语从句和同位语从句 1 定语从句修饰先行词 它和先行词是修饰关系 同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容 是 补充说明的关系 1 The plane that has just taken off is for London 定语从句 2 The fact that he has been dead is clear 同位于从句 2 定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导 关系词在句中充当成分