四级模拟题.doc

Model test Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a compsition entitled My View On On-campus College Students Marriage. You shoud write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:1.国家允许在校大学生结婚2.有些人持反对意见，有些人表示支持3.你的观点My View On On-campus College Students MarriagePart II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scannign)(15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A,B,CandD. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. Indoor PollutionSince the early eighties we have been only too aware of devastating effects of large-scale environmental pollution. Such pollution is generally the result of poor government planning in many developing nations or the short-sighted, selfish policies of the already indutralized countries which encourage a minority of the worlds population to squander the majority of its natural resources.While events such as the deforestation of the Amazon jungle or the nuclear disaster in Chernobyl continue to receive high media exposure, as do acts of environmental sabotage, it must be remembered that not all pollution is on this grand scale. A large proportion of the worlds pollution has its source much closer to home. The recent spillage of crude oil from an oil tanker accidentally discharging its cargo straight into Sydney Harbor not only caused serious damage to the harbor foreshores but also created severely toxic fumes which hung over the suburbs for days and left the angry residents wondering how such a disaster could have been allowed to happen.Avoiding pollution can be a full-time job. Try not to inhale traffic fumes; keep away from chemical plants and building sites; wear a mask when cycling. It is enough to make you want to stay at home. But that, according to a growing body of scientific evidence, would also be a bad idea. Research shows that levels of pollutants such as hazardous gases, particulate matter and other chemical nasties are usually higher indoors than out, even in the most polluted cities. Since the average American spends 18 hours indoors for every hour outside, it looks as though many environmentalists may be attacking the wrong target.Nearly all public water supplies contain very low concentrations of toxic chemicals, most of them left over from the otherwise beneficial process of chlorination. Dr. Corsi wondered whether they stay there when water is used, or whether they end up in the air that people breathe. The team conducted a series of experiments in which known quantities of five such chemicals were mixed with water and passed through a dishwasher, a washing machine, a shower head inside a shower stall or a tap in a bath, all inside a specially designed chamber. The levels of chemicals in the effluent water and in the air extracted from the chamber were then measured to see how much of each chemical had been transferred from the water into the air.The degree to which the most volatile elements could be removed from the water, a process known as chemical stripping, depended on a wide range of factors, including the volatility of the chemical, the temperature of the water and the surface area availabel for transfer, dishwashers were found to be particalarly effective: the high-temperature spray, splashing against the crockery and cutlery, results in a nasty plume of toxic chemicals that escapes when the door is opened at the end of the cycle.In fact, in many cases, the degree of exposure to toxic chemicals in tap water by inhalation is comparable to the exposure that would result from drinking the stuff. This is significant because many people are so concerned about water-borne pollutants that they drink only bottled water, worldwide sales of which are forecast to reach $72 billion by next year. Dr. Corsis results suggest that they are being exposed to such pollutants anyway simply by breathing at home.The aim of such research is not, however, to encourage the use of gas masks when unloading the washing. Instead, it is to bring a sense of perspective to the debate about pollution. According to Dr. Corsi, disproportionate effort is wasted campaigning agaisnt certain forms of outdoor pollution, where there is as much or more cause for concern indoors, right under peoples noses.Using gas cookers or burning candles, for example, both result in indoor levels of carbon monoxide and particulate matter that are just as high as those to be found outside, amid heavy traffic. Overcrowded calssrooms whose ventilation systems were designed for smaller numbers of children frequently contain levels of carbon dioxide that would be regarded as unacceptable on board a submarine. New car smell is the result of high levels of toxic chemicals, not cleanliness. Laser printers, computers, carpets and paints all contribute to the noxious indoor mix.The implications of indoor pollution for health are unclear. But before worrying bout the problems caused by large-scale industry, it makes sense to consider the small-scale pollution at home and welcome international debate about this. Scientists investigating indoor pollution will gather next month in Edinburgh at the Indoor Air Conference to discuss the problem. Perhaps unwisely, the meeting is being held indoors.1. In the first paragraph, the author argues that pollution_.Ahas increased since the eightiesBis caused by human self-interestCis at its worst in industrialized countriesDresults from poor relations between nations2. According to the passage, what effect does indurstrialized countries using a lot energy cause?AThe levels of carbon monoxide rise.BThe levels of carbon dioxide rise.CThe focus of pollution moves to the home.DThe worlds natural resources are unequally shared.3. The Sydney Harbor oil spioll was the result of a _.Adeliblerate act of sabotageBship refueling in the harborCtanker pumping oil into the seaDcollision between two oil tankers4. What does the author suggest in the 3rd paragraph?APeople should avoid working in cities.BAmericans spend too little time outdoors.CThere are several ways to avoid city pollution.DHazardous gases are concentrated in industial suburbs.5. The Corsi research team hypothesized that_.Acity water contains insufficiaent chlorineBhousehold appliances are poorly designedCtoxic chemicals can pass from ari to waterDpollution is caused by dishwashers and baths6. As a result of their experiments, Dr. Corsis team found that_.Adishwashers are very efficient machinesBindoor pollution rivals outdoor pollutionCtap water is as polluted as bottled waterDgas masks are a sueful protective device7. What does the author believe regarding the dangers of pollution?AThere is a need for rational discussion.BIndoor pollution is a recent phenomenon.CIndurstrial pollution caused specific diseases.DPeople should worry most about their work environment.8. It is shown that there are usually _levels of hazardous gases, particulate matter and other chemical nasties indoors than outside.9. Research like Dr. Corsis suggests people not to use _ when unloadingt the washing.10. Electronic goods such as laser prints and computers all contribute to _.Part III Listening Comprehension (35 mipnutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A,B,CandDand decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.11.APlay the music more quietly. BStop talkijg so much.CTurn the music a little louder. DPay more attention to the music.12.ABob didnt hear the alarm. BBob is too tired to study any more.CHe had often advised Bob to study. DHe told Bob not to study late at night.13.AShe can help him with it easily. BThey can start working on it now.CShes not sure how to do it. DIt will take a long time.14.AThe professors presentation was not convincing enough.BThe professors lecture notes wre too complicated.CThe professor spoke with a strong accent.DThe professor spoke too fast.15.AHe lent her his extra pen. BHe offered her a pencil.CHe was afraid of losing his pen. DHe said he didnt have any extra ink.16.AShe is unhappy with the mans promises.BShe believes the man will keep his promise.CShe played tennis with the man yesterday.DShe forgot to play tennis with the man.17.AHer daughter isnt in her class.BShe isnt related to the student.CShe doesnt think that she looks like the student.DThe student shouldnt have looked at her like that.18.ANo one was interested in discussing politics.BPopoe avoid discussing politics.CThe woman is not serious.DPolitics is a sensitive topic.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19.AHas bought some gifts.BHas phoned many friends.CHas sent a number of inviation cards.DHas arranged the Rushtons New Year party.20.ABecause Mrs. Jones did not invite them the year before.BBecause Mrs. Jones intended to divorce her husband.CBecause Mrs. Jones lived too far away.DBecause Mrs. Jonesgot bad manners.21.AIn Ireland BIn the High Street.CAt their Christmas party DAt the Rushtons New Year party.22.AThe sending of Christmas cards. BThe expense for the Christmas.CThe availability of Christmas tree. DThe problem of inviting the Jones family.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23.ATrying on hats in a store.BStudying about hats for a history class.CGiving their friend Paul a tour of the museum.DTaking a quick look at an exhibit before lunch.24.AFrom signs. BFrom a museum guide.CBy listening to a tape recorder. DBy reading a brochure.25.AHis length of military service. BHis age.CHis social status. DHis family nameSection BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A,B,CandD. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26.AIt needs your bravery.BIt may increase your wealth.CIt will cost much of your savings.DIt can hardly keep the value of your savings.27.ATo compare clocks to human beings.BTo tell readers what clocks look like.CTo describe why clocks can rule the planet Earth.DTo suggest human beings are controlled by a clock.28.ATo introduce the culture of antique clocks.BTo offer some advice on collecting antique clocks.CTo compare different ways to make a future profit.DTo explain convenient and reliable ways of telling time.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.29.ASeparating the fire. BReducing the heat.CRemoving the fuel. DCutting off the oxygen.30.AWhen it breaks out. BHow it comes about.CWhat kind it is. DWhere it takes place.31.AAnother class of fires. BAnother type of extinguishers.CHow fires break out. DHow fires can be prevented.Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.32.AOur self respect. BOur financial reward.COur advertising ability. DOur friendly relationship.33.AIt is equal to lying. BIt is equal to stealing.CIt is equal to cheating. DIt is equal to advertising.34.AWell be very excited. BWell feel unfortunate.CWell have a sense of honor. DWell feel sorry for the clerk.35.AHow to Live Truthfully. BImportance of Peacefulness.CWays of Gaining Self-respect. DHappiness through Honorable Actions.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. As the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.Perched among the highlands of western Cameroon, bordered by green mountains and cliff faces, Lake Nvos is a scene of (36)_beauty. But the picture cannot be trusted. A detailed study (37)_ that the lake could release a deadly cloud of carbon dioxide, capable of wiping out entire (38)_around its shores.The warning, from a team of scientists, come nearly 20 years after the lake discharged an (39)_80m cubic metres of CO2 into the atmosphere. (40)_than air, the cloud of gas rolled down, surrounding hillsides and villages. Silent and (41)_, it exhausted the air of oxygen killing hundreds of calltle and (42)_ the lives of more than 1,700 people up to 26km away. “It was one of the most mysterious (43)_scientists have ever investigated,” said George Kling, an ecologist at the University of Michigan.(44)_. Gas bubbling up from the Earths magma was under such pressure at the bottom of the 200-metre-deep lake that it dissolved until it reached max. (45)_.To preventa recurrence, in 2001 engineers installed a pipe to such CO2 from the bottom of the lake and release it harmessly into the air. A pipe was also installed at Lake Monoun, where an outbreak of CO2 killed 37 people in 1984. (46)_. “ By 2010, those five pipes would be enough to get the carbon dioxide down to safe levels.” He said.Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blank. You are required to selcet one word for each blank fromn a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before makin gyour choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage. If an animal is moved from its home in the tropics to a cold climate, it will die if it is not kept warm. And animals 47 to cold climates will die if they are moved to the tropics. Many plants, too, will die if they are removed from the place where they normally grow and are transplanted into an 48 soil. Almost every species is adapted to life in a particular place by its organs and their functions and by permanent habits. The specialized adaptation has great advantages, for it 49 many organisms to survive under different conditions. It also has disadvantages, for it means that the life of most species is controlled by 50 conditions.Living things are not scattered over the earth 51 ; most species have definite habits for living places. Ecology is the study of how organisms live in their environment. This means finding out how an organism 52 and reproduces in certain surroundings. By environment we mean not only the soil and the climate but the living things of the same species and other species, plant or animal. Most living things are 53 to their environment. Some can alter certain features of their environment to 54 themselves; a beaver, for example, can make ponds by building dams; many birds and insects can build 55 nests to provide shelter for their young. But these skills are restricted and highly specialized. Most organisms must adapt their bodies to fitting in with their surroundings, and since they can adapt only for particular surroundings, they are found only in placess where they can live 56 with the least effort.Aunfamiliar Fnative KslavesBsubstitutes Gassigned Ladapt Celegant Hsuit MenablesDaccustomed Isurvives NsuccessfullyEfreely Jelaborate OlocalSection BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,CandD. You should decide on the best choice and mark t