2014年12月英语四级阅读练习及答案详解(3).doc

英语四级培训：/kcnet1820/ 英语四级一对一咨询qq：1613508081Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.Some people say the traditional calendar of 180 days no longer meets the needs of American society. They point out that students in most other industrial countries are in school more hours a day and more days a year. Critics also say a long summer vacation causes students to forget much of what they learned and schools are under pressure to raise test scores. Some schools have changed their calendars to try to improve student performance. They have lengthened the school day or added days to the year or both. This can be costly if schools need air conditioning on hot days and school employees need to be paid for the extra time.Some schools have a year-round schedule. The school year is extended over twelve months. Instead of a long vacation, there are many short ones. Local businesses may object to a longer school year because students are unable to work as long at summer jobs. Some parts of the country had year- round programs in the nineteenth century, mostly for economic reasons. They felt it wasted money to use school buildings for only part of the year. Year-round programs can also reduce crowding in schools. In one version, students attend school for nine weeks and then have three weeks off. The students are in groups that are not all in school at the same time.Another year-round calendar has all students in school together for nine weeks and off for three. This is meant to provide the continuous learning that can be lost over a long break. But year-round schooling has opponents. They say it can cause problems for families when they want to make summer plans. And they say it interferes with activities outside school - including summer employment.Some experts say no really good studies have been done to measure the effect of school calendars on performance. But some educators think year-round schooling especially helps students from poor families that lack educational support at home.56. The best title for the passage seems to beA) Debating upon Year-round Schooling B) Advantages of Year-round EducationC) Disadvantages of a Long Summer Vacation D) Different Types of School Calendars57. Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons that schools should extend school days?A) The traditional calendar is out of date.B) Long holidays cause students to forget much of what they learned.C) Schools face pressure to raise test marks. D) Schools in other countries do so.58. There were year-round programs in the 19th century because of .A) the need of science B) the need of research C) economic reasons D) political reasons59. Those against year-round schooling argue thatA) it does little to help improve students performance at school B) it may cause leaming wearinessC) it will not have much educational value D) it affects students activities outside school60. We leam from the passage that year-round schoolingA) will enable students to raise their scores B) is expected to get under way soon C) remains a controversial issue D) is approved by the govenmentPassage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Wouldnt it be great if you could just look up at the sky and read the weather forecast right away? Well, you can The forecast is written in clouds. If you can read that writing, you can tell something about the atmosphere. With some practice, you can become a pretty good weather forecaster. Who knows, you might even do as well as meteorologists.Meteorologists use much more information than just the appearance of the clouds to make their forecast. They collect data from all over the world. Then they put it into powerful, high speed computers. This does give the meteorologists an advantage, because they can track weather patterns as they move from west to east across the country. But you have an advantage, too. You can look at the sky and get your data directly. A meteorologist uses a computer forecast thats several hours old to make a local forecast.What are you seeing when you look at a cloud? A picture of moisture is doing in the atmosphere, says meteorologist Peter Leavitt. Theres moisture throughout the atmosphere. Most of the time you dont see it, because its in the form of an invisible gas called water vapor. Sometimes, the temperature of the air gets cold enough to cause the water vapor to change to liquid water. Its called condensation, and we see it happen all the time (for example, when humid air from the shower hits the cold glasses of a mirror). When enough water vapor condenses, droplets come in the air. These droplets scatter light. A cloud is seen.Watching clouds over a day or two tells you a lot more than a single cloud about the weather to come. Changes in clouds show changes in the atmosphere. You should begin to notice patterns. Certain clouds, following each other in order, can signal an approaching storm. But dont take our word for it; see for yourself.61. The word meteorologists in the first paragraph meansA) people who broadcast weather on TV B) people who are in charge of weather forecast C) experts who study the earths atmosphere and its changesD) experts who study the earths crust, rocks, strata and the history of its development62. According to the passage, an ordinary person might do as well as meteorologist in weather forecastA) with some simple practice looking up at the skyB) with the help of the high-speed computersC) through a complex instruments D) consulting a weather station63. Meteorologists can make their weather forecastA) by using information of the appearance of the clouds onlyB) by collecting data from parts of the worldC) by calculating and analyzing this data D) by watching the sky 64. According to the passage, your advantage in weather forecasts is thatA) you have a high-speed computer B) you observe the sky and obtain your data directly C) you have more instruments at homeD) you can track weather patterns as they move from west to east across the country65. This passage mainly tells us about how toA) train yourself as a meteorologist B) be an assistant to a meteorologist C) forecast the weather by ourselves D) broadcast the weather forecastPassage One有些人说，【56】传统的每年180天的学校安排已经不能满足美国社会的需要了。他们指出，在其它大部分工业国家，学生每天在学校的时间更长，每年在学校的天数也更多。评论家同时也指出暑期长假导攻学生把他们所学的很多知识都遗忘了，而且学校在提高学生考试分数上也有压力。 为尽力提高学生的成绩，一些学校已经更改了校历。它们或延长学生每天在校的时间，或增加学生每年在校的天数，或两者兼顾。如果学校在大热天需要开空调，需要为教职工额外的工作时间支付薪水，这可能花费会很高。一些学校制定了全年课程表。12个月中每个学年都延长了。有的学校安排了很多短假，来代替一个长假。当地的企业也许不喜欢每学年更长，因为学生可能就不能长时间地做暑期工作了。 【58】十九世纪时，美国一部分地区就实行了全年课程安排垒，当时大部分处于经济上的原因。 学校的建筑每年只有部分时间在使用，他们感觉这是在浪费钱。全年课程安排同时也能缓解学校内的拥挤状况。其中一种安排是，学生上学九周，然后放假三周。这样学生们分成若干小组，不同组的学生不会同时在校。 另外一种全年校历是让全校学生一起在校九周，然后放假三周。这就意味着能保证学生持续性的学习不会因为经过一个长的假期而间断。但是也有人反对全年学校教育。他们说，【59】这会给打算做暑假安排的家庭带来丕便。他们还说，这与校外活动有冲突包括暑假招工。 【60】一些专家表示还尚未进行有实质的研究来衡量校历对学生成绩的影响。但是一些教育学家认为全年学校教育尤其能帮助来自贫困家庭，在家缺乏教育支持的学生。56. The best title for the passage seems to be _. 看起来文章最好的标题是 _oA) Debating upon Year-round Schooling B) Advantages of Year-round Education C) Disadvantages of a Long Summer Vacation D) Different Types of School CalendarsA)有关全年教学的争论 B)全年教学的优点 C)暑期长假的缺点 D)不同类型的校历 【解析】 A。主旨题。本文主要讨论了学校是否该实行全年教学，很多专家和社会人士就此发表了各自的看法，有人反对，也有人赞同。57. Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons that schools should extend school days? 以下哪项不是学校延长在校时间的原因?A) The traditional calendar is out of date.B) Long holidays cause students to forget much of what they leamed.C) Schools face pressure to raise test marks. D) Schools in other countries do so.A)传统校历过时了。 B)长假导致学生遗忘很多他们所学的东西。 C)学校在提高考试分数上有压力。 D)其他国家的学校这样做。 【解析】 D。细节题。文章第一段提到学校传统的教学日历已不能满足美国社会的需求，社会批评家认为过长的假期易使学生忘记所学知识。另外，学校也面临着提高学生考试成绩的压力。因此A，B，C三个选项中的内容都是题干所问内容的原因，而D不是，故选D。58. There were year-round programs in the 19th century because of_.19 世纪就有全年学校安排了，是由于_.A) the need of science B) the need of research C) economic reasons D) political reasons A) 科学需要 B) 研究需要 C)经济上的原因 D) 政治上的原因59. Those against year-round schooling argue that-_.哪些反对全年教竽的人认为_A) it does little to help improve students performance at school B) it may cause learning-wearinessC) it will not have much educational valueD) it affects Students activities outside schoolA)这对提高学生在校成绩没多大帮助 B)这会导致厌学 C)这没多少教育价值 D)这会影响学生校外的生活 【解析】 D。细节题。第四段第三句开始陈述了反对全年教学者的理由，他们认为全年教学会影响家庭在暑期的度假计划，也会影响学生参加校外的活动，包括打工。 60. We learn from the passage that year-round schooling从文章中我们得知全年教学_. A) will enable students to raise their scores B) is expected to get under way soonC) remains a controversial issue D) is approved by the governmentA)使学生能够提高他们的分数 B)有望很快实行 C)仍旧是一个有争议性的问题 D)得到了政府的同意 【解析】C。推理题。最后一段中专家指出目前还没有研究明确地表明全年教育有怎样的效果，由此可推出全年教育仍是一个有争议性的问题。你在观察云层的时候会看到什么?气象学家Peter Leavitt说：“(可以看到)关于大气层此时湿度的图片。”整个大气层都充满水汽。大部分时间你看不到它，因为它是以一种叫做水蒸气的无形气体的形式存在的。有时，空气的温度下降得足够低，能使水蒸气变成固态的水。这一过程叫凝结。我们一直都能看到凝结的发生(比如，淋浴时湿气碰到冷的镜子而凝结)。当足够的水蒸气凝结之后，小水滴就在空气中形成了。这些水滴能散射光。我们就可以看见云朵了。 观察云层在一、两天内的变化，比单看一块云朵能告诉你更多关于未来天气的信息。云层的变化显示出大气层的变化。你应该从留意天气变化的模型开始。有时，云彩按一定顺序变化，能暗示一场即将到来的暴风雨。【65】但是别相信我们的话；自己去观察吧!61. The word meteorologists in the first paragraph means _.文章第一段的meteorologists一词的意思是_. A) people who broadcast weather on TVB) people who are in charge of weather forecast C) experts who study the earths atmosphere and its changesD) experts who study the earths crust, rocks, strata and the history of its developmentA)在电视上播报天气的人 B)负责天气预报的人 C)研究地球大气及其变化的专家 D)研究地球的地壳、岩石、地层以及其发展史的专家 【解析】 C。语义题。meteorologist在第一段最后一句和第二段第一句都出现过，根据所提到的这群人所做的事情是：在全球范围内收集数据，用这些数据来追踪天气变化的类型，故可以猜测出该词意思为研究大气及其变化的“气象学家”。62. According to the passage, an ordinary person might do as well as meteorologist in weather forecast_.根据文章内容通过_ 普通人在预测天气方面能和气象学家做得一样好。 A) with some simple practice looking up at the sky B) with the help of the high-speed computers C) through a complex instruments D) consulting a weather stationA)做一点儿观察天空的简单练习 B)在高速电脑的帮助下 C)通过复杂的仪器 D)咨询气象站 【解析】A。细节题。根据关键词as well as meteorologist定位第一段：通过做些练习，你可以成为非常不错的天气预测员，因此普通人要做到看云识天气，靠的主要是多观察天空的经验。选项with the help of the highspeed computers和through a complex instruments指的都是气象学家，选项consulting a weather station 未被提及。63Meteorologist can make their weather forecast_ 气象学家通过_来得出他们的天气预报。 A) by using information of the appearance of the clouds only B) by collecting data from parts of the worldC)by calculating and analyzing this da