机械英文名词.doc

机械英文名词目录1机构学 2极限与配合 3疲劳强度 4可靠性 5振动与冲击 6摩擦学 7螺纹连接 8轴上零件 9键连接 10销钉连接 11联轴器 12离合器 13制动器 14滑动轴承 15滚动轴承 16弹簧 17传动一般 18齿轮传动 19传动装置 20锥齿轮传动 21谐波传动 22蜗杆传动 23带传动 24链传动 25其他零件 Total 16 Page 161机构学 机构学 theory of mechanisms机构 mechanism机器 machine机械 machinery构件 link主动件 driving link 从动件 driven运动副 kinematic pair铰链连接 hinge, pilot pin joint复合铰链 compound hinges, multiple hinges运动链 kinematic chain低副 lower pair高副 higher pair自由度 degree of freedom虚约束 redundant constraint, passive constraint机构简图 schematic diagram of mechanism机构运动简图 kinematic diagram of mechanism机构综合 synthesis of mechanism机构运动学 kinematics of mechanism速比 velocity ratio of link 传动比 transmission ratio速度瞬心 instantaneous center of velocity机械动力学 dynamics of machinery驱动力 driving force扰动力 perturbed force工作阻力 effective resistance静载荷 static load 动载荷 dynamic load离心力 centrifugal force作用力 active force, applied force反作用力 reaction等效力 equivalent force 力矩 moment力偶 couple力偶矩 moment of couple力平衡 equilibrium扭矩 torque, torsional moment等效力矩 equivalent moment效率 efficiency等效构件 equivalent link等效质量 equivalent mass转动惯量 moment of inertia惯性积 product of inertia极转动惯量 polar moment of inertia回转半径 radius of gyration飞轮 flywheel调速器 governor, speed regulator转子的静平衡 static balance of rotor转子的动平衡 dynamic balance of rotor平衡质量 balancing mass质径积 mass-radius product连续系统 continuous system离散系统 discrete system变质量系统 variable mass system连杆机构 linkage mechanism连架杆 side link曲柄 crank连杆 coupler, floating link摇杆 rocker滑块 slider导杆 guide bar, guide link四杆机构 four-bar mechanism曲柄摇杆机构 crank-rocker mechanism曲柄滑块机构 slider- crank mechanism平面铰链四杆机构 planar pivot four-bar mechanism球面铰链四杆机构 spherical pivot four-bar mechanism对心曲柄滑块机构 centric slider-crank mechanism偏置曲柄滑块机构 offset slider-crank mechanism偏心轮机构 eccentric mechanism急回运动机构 quick-return mechanism行程速度变化系数 coefficient of travel speed variation, advance- to-return time ratio凸轮 cam盘形凸轮 plate cam, disk cam移动凸轮 translating cam凸轮从动件 cam follower 直动从动件 translating follower凸轮理论轮廓 cam pitch curve凸轮工作轮廓 cam contour, cam profile回程 return travel推程 rise travel回程运动角 motion angle for return travel推程运动角 motion angle for rise travel近休止角 nearest dwell angle远休止角 farthest dwell angle等速运动轨迹 constant velocity motion curve余弦加速度运动轨迹 cosine acceleration motion curve正弦加速度运动轨迹 sine acceleration motion curve螺旋机构 crew mechanism差动螺旋机构 differential screw mechanism自锁机构 self-locking mechanism间歇运动机构 intermittent mechanism步进机构 step mechanism不完全齿轮机构 incomplete gear mechanism非圆齿轮机构 non-circular gear mechanism槽轮机构 geneva mechanism棘爪 pawl棘轮 ratchet棘轮机构 ratchet mechanism擒纵机构 escapement差动机构 differential mechanism瞬心线机构 centrode mechanism 2极限与配合 尺寸偏差 deviation 基本尺寸 basic size极限尺寸 limits of size 上偏差 upper deviation实际尺寸 actual size下偏差 lower deviation最大极限尺寸 maximum limits of size 最小极限尺寸 minimum limits of size 间隙配合 clearance fit过盈配合 interference fit过渡配合 transition fit公差带 tolerance zone基孔制 hole basic system基轴制 shaft basic system 3疲劳强度 高周疲劳 high-cycle fatigue低周疲劳 low-cycle fatigue接触疲劳 contact fatigue 循环载荷 cyclic loading 随机载荷 random loading 恒幅载荷 constant loading变幅载荷 variable amplitude loading最大应力 maximum stress最小应力 minimum stress平均应力 mean stress应力幅 stress amplitude循环特性 stress ratio脉动循环 pulsation cycle对称循环 symmetry cycle疲劳强度 fatigue strength疲劳极限 fatigue limit应力集中 stress concentration有效应力集中系数 effective stress concentration factor无限寿命设计 infinite life design有限寿命设计 finite life design尺寸系数 size factor 表面加工系数 surface machining factor疲劳积累损伤 cumulative fatigue damage载荷谱 loading spectrum断裂力学 fracture mechanics 4可靠性 可靠性 reliability失效 failure浴盆曲线 bathtub curve 故障 fault概率密度函数 probability density function 5振动与冲击 振动 vibration周期振动 periodic vibration简谐振动 simple harmonic vibration随机振动 random vibration噪声 noise瞬态振动 transient vibration稳态振动 steady-state vibration受迫振动 forced vibration纵向振动 longitudinal vibration弯曲振动 bending vibration扭转振动 torsional vibration自激振动 self-excited vibration非线性振动 non-linear vibration振动模态 modal of vibration共振 resonance振型 mode shape耦合振型 coupled modes共振频率 resonance frequency阻尼 damping冲击 shock冲击脉冲 shock pulse机械冲击 mechanical shock冲击波 shock wave冲击响应谱 shock response spectrum 冲击响应谱 shock spectrum 6摩擦学 摩擦学 tribology摩擦 friction磨损 wear润滑 lubrication摩擦系数 friction coefficient当量摩擦系数 equivalent coefficient of friction流体摩擦 fluid friction 干摩擦 dry friction 边界摩擦 boundary lubrication 摩擦材料 friction material 烧结金属 sintered metalic material 金属陶瓷 ceramic friction material 机械磨损 mechanical wear机械化学磨损 mechano-chemical wear 磨料磨损 abrasion, abrasive wear 气蚀磨损 cavitation wear黏着磨损 adhesion wear剥落 spalling涂抹 smearing 擦伤 scratching 咬死 seizure氧化磨损 oxidative 接触疲劳 contact fatigue点蚀 pitting微动磨损 fretting wear磨合磨损 running-in wear磨损率 wear rate耐磨性 wear resistance 黏度 viscosity黏弹性 visco-elasticity稠度 consistency 锥入度 penetration流变学 rheology 牛顿流体 Newtonian fluid 雷诺方程 Reynolds equation 轴承特性系数 bearing characteristic number索默菲德数 Sommerfeld number 气体润滑 gas lubrication 液体润滑 fluid lubrication 固体润滑 solid-film lubrication 液体动力润滑 hydrodynamic lubrication 液体静力润滑 hydrostatic lubrication 弹性流体动力润滑 elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication 磁流体动力润滑 magneto-hydrodynamic lubrication 极压润滑 extreme-pressure lubrication连续润滑 continuous lubrication 间歇润滑 periodical lubrication循环润滑 circulating lubrication油浴润滑 bath lubrication油雾润滑 mist lubrication油环润滑 oil-ring lubrication油垫润滑 pad lubrication润滑剂 lubricant添加剂 additive 7螺纹连接 紧固件 fastener螺旋线 helix螺纹 screw thread圆柱螺纹 parallel screw thread圆锥螺纹 taper screw thread外螺纹 external thread内螺纹 internal thread单线螺纹 single-start thread 多线螺纹 multi-start thread 右旋螺纹 right-hand thread 左旋螺纹 left-hand thread 自攻螺纹 tapping screw thread基本牙型 basic profile牙型角 thread angle牙型半角 half of thread angle 公称直径 nominal diameter 螺纹大径 major diameter 螺纹小径 minor diameter螺纹中径 pitch diameter 螺距 pitch 螺纹导程 lead螺纹升角 lead angle 螺纹牙厚 thread ridge thickness 螺纹槽宽 thread groove width 螺纹旋合长度 length of thread engagement 螺纹接触高度 thread contact height 螺距偏差 deviation in pitch 螺距累积误差 cumulative error in pitch 螺栓 bolt 双头螺柱 stud六角头螺栓 hexagon bolt 地脚螺栓 foundation bolt T形螺栓 T-head bolt , hammer head bolt螺钉 screw紧定螺钉 set screw自攻螺钉 tapping screw吊环螺钉 lifting eye bolt开槽圆柱头螺钉 slotted cheese head screw 开槽盘头螺钉 slotted pan head screw 开槽沉头螺钉 slotted countersunk (flat) head screw 开槽半沉头螺钉 slotted raised countersunk (oval) head screw 开槽圆头螺钉 slotted round head screw内六角圆柱头螺钉 hexagon socket head cap head screw内六角沉头螺钉 hexagon socket countersunk head cap head screw十字槽盘头螺钉 cross recessed pan head screw十字槽沉头螺钉 cross recessed countersunk head screw螺母 nut六角螺母 hexagon nut方螺母 square nut 圆螺母 round nut 滚花高螺母 knurled nut with collar 翼形螺母 wing nut 吊环螺母 lifting nut 垫圈 washer平垫圈 plain washer方垫圈 square washer with round hole弹性垫圈 spring washer 弹簧垫圈 helical spring lock washer 外齿锁紧垫圈 external teeth lock washer 内齿锁紧垫圈 internal teeth lock washer 单耳止动垫圈 tab washer with long tab 双耳止动垫圈 tab washer with long tab and wing 外舌止动垫圈 external tab washer 内舌止动垫圈 internal tab washer 8轴上零件 轴肩挡圈 ring for shoulder轴端挡圈 lock ring at the end of shaft弹性挡圈 snap ring 钢丝挡圈 round wire9键连接 键 key 花键 spline键槽 key way平键 flat key普通平键 general flat key导向平键 feather key ,dive key滑键 feather key半圆键 woodruff key楔键 taper key钩头楔键 gib-head taper key切向键 tangential key矩形花键 rectangle spline渐开线花键 involute spline 10销钉连接销 pin圆柱销 cylindrical pin, straight pin 圆锥销 conical pin , taper pin弹性圆柱销 spring-type straight pin ,spring pin开尾圆锥销 taper pin with split槽销 grooved pin销轴 clevis pin with head开口销 cotter pin ,split pin安全销 safety pin快卸销 quick-release pin 11联轴器 联轴器 coupling 刚性联轴器 Rigid coupling套筒联轴器 sleeve coupling凸缘联轴器 flange coupling夹壳联轴器 split coupling齿式联轴器 gear coupling十字滑块联轴器 Oldham coupling 滑块联轴器 NZ clao type coupling链条联轴器 chain coupling万向联轴器 universal joint球笼式同步万向联轴器 synchronizing universal coupling with ball and sacker弹性联轴器 resilient shaft coupling簧片联轴器 flat spring coupling蛇形弹簧联轴器 serpentine steel flex coupling波纹管联轴器 coupling with corrugated pipe牙嵌式联轴器 jaw and toothed coupling膜片联轴器 diaphragm coupling非金属弹性元件联轴器 coupling with non-metallic elastic element轮胎式联轴器 coupling with rubber type element橡胶板联轴器 coupling with rubber plates弹性套柱销联轴器 pin coupling with elastic sleeves梅花形弹性联轴器 coupling with elastic spider弹性柱销齿式联轴器 elastic pin coupling12离合器 离合器 clutch 操纵离合器 controlled clutch 自控离合器 auto-controlled clutch机械离合器 mechanically controlled clutch电磁离合器 electromagnetic clutch超越离合器 overrunning clutch滚柱离合器 roller clutch楔块离合器 sprag clutch离心离合器 centrifugal clutch安全离合器 safety clutch单向离合器 one-way clutch双作用离合器 dual clutch同步离合器 synchro clutch牙嵌式离合器 Jaw clutch摩擦式离合器 friction clutch闸带离合器 brake-band clutch磁粉离合器 magnetic powder clutch接合过程（离合器） engaging(clutch)接合时间（离合器） engaging time(clutch)分离时间（离合器） disengaging time (clutch) 13制动器 制动器 brake牙嵌式制动器 Jaw brake带式制动器 band brake块式制动器 block brake摩擦制动器 friction brake非摩擦制动器 non-friction brake常开制动器 normally disengaged brake常闭制动器 normally engaged brake电磁涡流制动器 electromagnetic whirlpool brake磁滞制动器 magnetic remanence brake制动衬片 brake lining制动块 brake piece制动鼓 brake drum制动蹄 brake shoe制动瓦 shoes of brakes14滑动轴承 轴承 bearing滑动轴承 plain bearing, sliding-contact bearing整体式滑动轴承 solid bearing剖分式滑动轴承 split plain bearing径向滑动轴承 plain purnal bearing止推滑动轴承 plain thrust bearing径向止推滑动轴承 thrust-purnal bearing液体动压滑动轴承 hydrodynamic bearing液体静压滑动轴承 hydrostatic bearing气体静压滑动轴承 aerodynamic bearing固体润滑滑动轴承 bearing with solid lubricant自润滑滑动轴承 self-lubricating bearing多孔质滑动轴承 porous bearing磁力滑动轴承 magnetic bearing静电轴承 electrostatic bearing自动调心滑动轴承 plain self-aligning bearing浮环滑动轴承 floating bearing可倾瓦块滑动轴承 tilting-pad bearing椭圆滑动轴承 elliptic bearing粉末冶金滑动轴承 powder metallurgy bearing多楔滑动轴承 lobed plain bearing多油楔滑动轴承 multi-oil wedge bearing塑料轴承 plastic bearing宝石轴承 jewel bearing橡胶轴承 rubber bearing多油叶滑动轴承 bobed bearing轴颈 journal轴瓦 liner轴承衬 bearing liner轴套 bearing bush油槽 oil groove油孔 oil hole油道 oil duct油腔 oil recess, oil pocket封油面 land补偿器（静压轴承 compensator (hydrostatic bearing)节流器（静压轴承 restrictor (hydrostatic bearing)减磨轴承材料 anti-friction bearing material烧结轴承材料 sintered bearing material复合轴承材料 compost bearing material自润滑轴承材料 self-lubricating bearing material摩擦相容性 frictional conpatibility摩擦顺应性 frictional conformability嵌入性 embeddability磨合性 running-in ability相对耐磨性 relative wear resitance轴承径向载荷 bearing radial load轴承轴向载荷 bearing axial load轴承润滑油流量 oil flow in bearing轴心轨迹 locus of journal bearing磨损度 wear intensity轴承承载能力 bearing load carrying capacity偏心率 relative eccentricity偏位角 attitude angle楔效应 wedge effect挤压效应 squeeze effect轴承压强 bearing mean specific load临界油膜厚度 oil film critical thickness油膜刚度 oil film stiffness油膜振荡 oil whirl气膜振荡 gas whirl 15滚动轴承 滚动轴承 rolling bearing 单列轴承 single row bearing双列轴承 double row bearing装满滚动体的轴承 full complement bearing角接触轴承 angular contact bearing调心轴承 self-aligning bearing剖分轴承 split bearing密封圈轴承 sealed bearing防尘盖轴承 shielded bearing预润滑轴承 prelubricated bearing仪器精密轴承 instrument precision bearing锥孔轴承 tapered bore bearing凸缘轴承 flanged bearing推力轴承 thrust bearing角接触推力轴承 angular contact bearing单向推力轴承 single direction thrust bearing 双向推力轴承 double direction thrust bearing直线（运动）轴承 linear (motion) bearing球轴承 ball bearing 向心球轴承 redial bearing深沟球轴承 deep groove ball bearing 装填槽球轴承 filling slot balll bearing四点接触轴承 four-point contact ball bearing滚子轴承 roller bearing向心滚子轴承 radial roller bearing圆柱滚子轴承 cylindrical roller bearing圆锥滚子轴承 tapered roller bearing滚针轴承 needle roller bearing调心滚子轴承 self-aligning roller bearing交叉滚子轴承 crossed roller bearing轴承套圈 bearing ring内圈 inner ring 外圈 outer ring止动环 locating snap ring锁圈 retaining snap ring密封圈 seal (bearing)防尘盖 shield (bearing)滚动体 rolling element滚针 needle roller保持架 cage成对安装（滚动轴承） paired mounting (rolling bearing)背对背配置（滚动轴承） back to back arrangement (rolling bearing)面对面配置（滚动轴承） face to face arrangement (rolling bearing)轴承系列（滚动轴承） bearing series (rolling bearing)尺寸系列（滚动轴承） dimension series (rolling bearing)直径系列（滚动轴承） diameter series (rolling bearing)宽度系列（滚动轴承） width series (rolling bearing)高度系列（滚动轴承） height series (rolling bearing)外形尺寸（滚动轴承） boundary dimension (rolling bearing)轴承宽度 bearing width轴承内径 bearing bore diameter轴承外径 bearing outside diameter静载荷 static load动载荷 dynamic load摆动载荷 oscillating load变载荷 fluctuating load当量载荷 equivalent load额定寿命 rating life基本额定寿命 basic rating life修正额定寿命 adjusted rating life径向载荷系数 radial load factor轴向载荷系数 axial load factor寿命系数 life factor速度系数 speed factor 16弹簧 弹簧 spring螺旋弹簧 helical spring圆柱螺旋压缩弹簧 cylindrical helical compression spring圆柱螺旋拉伸弹簧 cylindrical helical tension spring圆柱螺旋扭转弹簧 cylindrical helical torsion spring不等节距圆柱螺旋弹簧 variable pitch cylindrical helical spring多股螺旋弹簧 stranded wire helical spring密圈螺旋弹簧 tightly coiled helical spring截锥螺旋弹簧 conical spring截锥涡卷弹簧 volute spring平面涡卷弹簧 spiral spring碟形弹簧 belleville spring环形弹簧 ring spring板弹簧 leaf spring等刚度弹簧 constant rate (stiffness) spring变刚度弹簧 variable rate (stiffness) spring组合弹簧 combined spring片弹簧 flat spring橡胶弹簧 rubber spring空气弹簧 air spring节距(弹簧) pitch (spring)自由高度(弹簧) free height (spring)工作高度(弹簧) working height (spring)工作载荷 specified load极限载荷 ultimate load总圈数 total number of coils有效圈数 effective coil number极限高度 height under ultimate load弹簧中径 mean diameter of coil旋绕比(弹簧) spring index (spring)曲度系数(弹簧) curvature correction factor (spring)高径比(弹簧) slender ratio (spring)压并载荷(弹簧) solid load (spring)压并高度(弹簧) solid height (spring)扭转角 torsion angle弹簧柔度 flexibility of spring 17传动一般传动装置 transmission, driving传动比 speed ratio, transmission ratio增速比 speed increasing ratio减速比 speed reducing ratio 无级变速 infinitely variable speed减速器 speed reducer18齿轮传动 齿轮传动 gear drive齿轮 gear平行轴齿轮传动 gear drive with parallel axes相交轴齿轮传动 gear drive with intersecting axes交错轴齿轮传动 gear drive with non-parallel non-intersecting axes小齿轮 pinion大齿轮 wheel, gear主动齿轮 driving gear从动齿轮 driven gear外齿轮 external gear内齿轮 internal gear中心距 center distance齿数比 gear ratio连心线 line of centers轴交角 shaft angle轴平面 axial plane基准平面 datum plane法平面 normal plane基本齿廓 basic rack tooth profile基本齿条 basic rack产形齿条 counterpart rack 轮齿 gear teeth齿槽 tooth space左旋齿 left-hand teeth右旋齿 right-hand teeth齿面 tooth flank同侧齿面 corresponding flanks异侧齿面 opposite flanks工作齿面 working flank非工作齿面 non-working flank相啮合齿面 mating flank共轭齿面 conjugate flank齿根过渡曲面 fillet齿顶 crest齿槽底面 bottom land齿廓 tooth profile端面齿廓 transverse profile法向齿廓 normal profile轴向齿廓 axial profile背锥齿廓 back cone tooth profile渐开线齿廓 involute profile直线齿廓 straight-side profile摆线齿廓 cycloidal profile圆弧齿廓 circular arc profile共轭齿廓 conjugate profile齿高 tooth depth齿顶高 addendum齿根高 dedendum弦齿高 chordal height齿宽 facewidth齿厚 tooth thickness模数 module端面模数 transverse module法向模数 normal module轴向模数 axial module径节 diametral pitch节径 pitch diameter 齿数 number of teeth当量齿数 virtual number of teeth头数 number of threads圆柱螺旋线 circular helix圆锥螺旋线 conical spiral螺旋角 helix angle导程 lead导程角 lead angle阿基米德螺线 Archimedes spiral摆线 cycloid长幅摆线 prolate cycloid短幅摆线 curtate cycloid外摆线 epicycloid长幅外摆线 prolate epicycloid短幅外摆线 curtate epicycloid内摆线 hypocycloid渐开线 involute延伸渐开线 prolate involute缩短渐开线 curtate involute球面渐开线 spherical involute阿基米德螺旋面 screw helicoid球面渐开螺旋面 spherical involute helicoid圆环面 toroid干涉 interference齿廓修形 profile modification修缘 tip relie齿向修形 axial modification齿端修薄 end relief鼓形齿 crowned teeth根切（挖根） undercut啮合 engagement啮合线 path of contact端面啮合线 transverse path of contact啮合曲面 surface of action作用角 angle of transmission总作用角 total angle of transmission作用弧 overlap arc总作用弧 total overlap arc端面重合度 transverse contact ratio纵向重合度 overlap ratio重合度 contact ratio标准中心距 reference center distance名义中心距