及物动词.docx

1实义动词实义动词是指具有完整意义，可以单独作谓语的动词，主要表示主语的动作、状态和品质。实义动词也可与助动词相结合表示更加复杂的动词意义。实义动词主要包括及物动词和不及物动词两类。（1）不及物动词不及物动词指的是后面不能跟宾语的动词。在英语中大多数动词既可作及物动词，又可作不及物动词。纯不及物动词很少。常见的不及物动词有：apologize道歉 appear出现arrive到达come来go去run跑walk走die死 fall掉flow流淌happen发生rise升起、站起stay呆、留sit坐lie躺stand站cry哭swim游泳例子： Lets go.我们走吧！1 The sun rises in east. 太阳从西边升起来.2 The moon moves around the earth.月亮绕着地球转。 3. Linda is sleeping now. 琳达在睡觉4 Your brother has already returned.你的哥哥已经回来了。5. I lived in Shanghai 5 years ago.我五年前住在上海。6.Everybody smiled in the classroom. 教室里所有人都笑了.7.Things change quickly.事情变化太快。（change可做不及物动词也可做及物动词。You cannot change the fact.你不能改变事实。）（2）及物动词能跟宾语的动词称为及物动词。可分为跟单宾语的及物动词、跟双宾语的及物动词、跟复合结构的及物动词等。常见的只跟单宾语的及物动词accept接受 borrow借bury埋cover覆盖defeat挫败discover发现enjoy喜欢excite使激动interest使感兴趣please使高兴 put放 worry担心surprise使凉讶 forget忘记guess猜测love热爱use运用e.g.Dont forget towakemeup at six tomorrow morning.别忘了明天早晨六点叫醒我。You can borrowone bookata time from the library.在图书馆一次只能借一本书。常见的跟双宾语的及物动词A指人的间接宾语在指物的直接宾语后面需加to的动词：bring带来give给hand递pass递 pay付款post寄promise答应read读 return返还sell卖show表现teach教tell告诉wish祝愿offer提供e.g.I returned him the storybook.(可变为I returned the storybook to him.)我已把故事书还给他了。award sb. sth. = award sth. to sb. 颁奖给某人bring sb. sth. = bring sth. to sb. 把某物带给某人hand sb. sth. =hand sth. to sb. 把某物递给某人lend sb. sth. = lend sth. to sb. 把某物借给某人mail sb. sth. = mail sth. to sb. 把某物寄给某人offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb. 将某物给某人owe sb. sth. = owe sth. to sb. 欠某人某物pass sb. sth. = pass sth. to sb. 把某物递给某人pay sb. sth. = pay sth. to sb. 付给某人某物（钱）post sb. sth. = post sth. to sb. 把某物寄给某人read sb. sth. = read sth. to sb. 把某物读给某人听return sb. sth. = return sth. to sb. 把某物还给某人send sb. sth. = send sth. to sb. 把某物送给某人sell sb. sth. = sell sth. to sb. 把某物卖给某人serve sb. sth. = serve sth. to sb. 拿某物招待某人show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. 拿某物给某人看take sb. sth. = take sth. to sb. 把某物拿给某人teach sb. sth. = teach sth. to sb. 教某人某物tell sb. sth. = tell sth. to sb. 告诉某人某情况throw sb. sth. = throw sth. to sb. 把某物扔给某人write sb. sth. = write sth. to sb. 给某人写信B指人的间接宾语在指物的直接宾语后需加for的动词：buy买choose选择draw画find发现 keep保持make使order点菜paint油漆save救护e.g.Ill find you another chance.(可变为Ill find another chance for you.)我会再给你找机会的。book sb. sth. = book sth. for sb. 为某人预定某物buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb. 为某人买某物choose sb. sth. = choose sth. for sb. 为某人选某物cook sb. sth. = cook sth. for sb. 为某人煮某物draw sb. sth. = draw sth. for sb. 为某人画某物fetch sb. sth. = fetch sth. for sb. 为某人去取某物find sb. sth. = find sth. for sb. 为某人找到某物fix sb. sth. = fix sth. for sb. 为某人准备某物get sb. sth. = get sth. for sb. 为某人拿来某物make sb. sth. = make sth. for sb. 为某人做某物order sb. sth. = order sth. for sb. 为某人订购某物pick sb. sth. = pick sth. for sb. 为某人采摘某物prepare sb. sth. = prepare sth. for sb. 为某人准备某物save sb. sth. = save sth. for sb. 为某人留某物sing sb. sth. = sing sth. for sb. 为某人唱某物（歌）spare sb. sth. = spare sth. for sb. 为某人让出某物steal sb. sth. = steal sth. for sb. 为某人偷某物C指人的间接宾语在指物的直接宾语后既可加to也可加for的动词：do做play表演 read读get得到sing唱歌bring带来e.g.Ill get you some tea.(可变为Ill get some tea to/for you.)我给你取些茶。注：有的动词后接的双宾语易位时，既可用介词to引出间接宾语，也可用介词for引出间接宾语，含义相同，如bring，play等：Bring me todays paper. = Bring todays paper to for me. 把今天的报纸拿给我。He played us the record he had just bought. = He played the record he had just bought for to us. 他放了他刚买的唱片给我们听。有的动词后接的双宾语易位时，即可用介词to引出间接宾语，也可用介词for引出间接宾语，含义不同，如leave等：They left me no food. = They left no food for me. 他们没给我留一点食物。My uncle left me a large fortune. = My uncle left a large fortune to me.我叔叔死后留下一大笔财产给我。而有的动词后接双宾语时，既不能用介词to引出间接宾语，也不能用介词for引出间接宾语，如allow, ask, cause, charge, cost, forgive, refuse等：He allows his son too much money. 他给他儿子的钱太多。He asked me some questions. 他问了我一些问题。This caused me much trouble. 着给我带来了许多麻烦。He charged me five dollars for a cup of tea. 他一杯茶向我要了5美元。His mistake cost him his job. 他的错误让他丢了工作。I envy you your good luck. 我羡慕你的好运。They forgave him his rudeness. 他们原谅了他的鲁莽。He refused her nothing. 她要什么就给什么。常见的跟宾语补足语的及物动词A可跟形容词或形容词短语作宾补的动词有：believe相信drive驱赶；使find发现get使keep使保持leave留下make使push推set使 consider认为cut切dye染declare宣布imagine想象judge判断paint漆e.g.We all believe him honest and kind.我们都相信他诚实、善良。注意：这类动词只跟一个宾语意义上不完整，宾语后必须再加上一个成分(宾语补足语)，其意义方可完整。B可跟名词短语作宾补的动词有：call叫name命名make使变为wish祝愿consider认为find找到keep使choose选择elect选举e.g.We consider him a strange person.我们认为他是一个奇怪的人。C可跟带to不定式结构作宾补的动词有：advise建议 allow允许ask要求expect期望 invite邀请get使order命令tell告诉teach教wish希望 warn警告e.g.Mother often tells me to make friends carefully.妈妈经常告诫我交朋友要小心。D可跟“to be+名词或形容词作宾补”的动词有：believe 认为consider认为feel 感觉 find发现imagine 想象know知道suppose 猜测understand理解prove 证明declare宣布e.g.I believe what you said to be true.我相信你所说的是真的。注意：这些结构中的to be也可省略。E可跟不带to的不定式作宾补的动词有：have使make使let让 see看见notice注意feel感觉watch注意看look at看listen to听observe观察discover发现注意：我们通常给学生讲的原则是记住这些词后加动词原形。e.g.What made you think of that?什么使你想起那件事的?Paul doesnt have to be made to learn.保罗不必被逼着学习。F可用-ing形式作宾补的动词有：see看见hear听见keep使catch抓住find发现have让watch注意看smell闻到look at看listen to听observe观察discover发现get使have使e.g.Can you hear someone playing the piano next door?你能听见隔壁有人弹钢琴吗?(v.-ing形式作宾补)The boy was last seen playing by the riverside.(v.-ing形式作主补)人们最后一次看见这小男孩时他在河边玩耍。G可跟-ed形式作宾补的动词有：have使get使make使find发现feel感觉 see看见hear听见think认为watch注意看e.g.I couldnt make myself heard by all the listeners.我无法使所有听众都能听见我。H可跟as/for等引起的介词短语作宾补的动词有：regard 看做 consider认为choose选为use 当作用keep把当作e.g.You can keep this book as your own.你可以留着这本书自己用。She is considered as the best dancer.她被认为是最好的舞蹈演员。I可跟副词作宾补的动词有：ask叫、让get使find发现let让drive开车送show领see看见invite邀请order命令e.g.Can I ask Bob in?我可以让鲍勃进来吗?Show the visitor in, please.请把客人带进来。J可跟介词短语作宾补的动词有：have使get使make使find发现feel感觉see看见hear听见notice注意到keep保持e.g.Dont have children at home all day. Give them time to play outdoors.不要让孩子老呆在家里，给他们出外玩耍的时间。Keep all these books on th