中英思维差异术语b.doc

中英思维差异术语1 大陆型文化continental culture2 海洋性文化maritime culture3 天人合一Theory That Man Is an Integral Part of Nature4 伦理社会ethical society/ethic-based society/ethical culture5 人文精神the Humanities Spirit in the Early Philosophy of Ancient Greece6 人文主义humanism7 道Tao (Truth)8 气vital breath9 理Reason /Truth10 太极Tai Ji 11 阴阳the Two Opposing Principles in Nature12 八卦the Eight Diagrams13 五行the Five Elements -metal, wood, water, fire and earth14 五味the Five Flavors-sweet, sour, bitter, pungent, and salty15 五脏the five Organs-heart, liver, spleen, lungs and kidneys)16 五常（伦理）the Five Ethics (仁、义、礼、智、信)17 三纲五常the three cardinal guides and the five constant virtues specified in feudal ethical code18 仁、义、礼、智、信benevolence, righteousness, rites, intelligence, and fidelity19 五伦five human relationships “父子有亲，君臣有义，夫妇有别，长幼有叙，朋友有信”20 五色the Five Colors青、赤、白、黑、黄 (此五者为正色,也泛指各种颜色。)21 五声、五音 the Pentatonic scale古代五声音阶中的宫、商、角、徵(zhi)、羽五个音级22 五官the five sense organs (ears, eyes, lips, nose and tongue)23 五谷the five cereals (rice, two kinds of millet, wheat and beans):24 易经The Book of Changes25 中庸the doctrine of the mean Confucian/ Moderationism (温和主义,稳健主义)26 柏拉图Plato27 主客二分subject-object dichotomy 28 求善seek good29 格物，致知，诚意，正心，修身，齐家，治国，平天下investigation, extension of knowledge, sincerity of the will, rectification of the world, cultivation of the personal life, regulation of the family, national order, world peace30 求真seek truth31 直觉instinct32 悟enlightenment33 书不尽言，言不尽意Not all will be taught by the books and not all will be explained completely in one time. 34 培根Francis Bacon 35 逻辑学logistics36 黑格尔Friedrich Hegel37 焚书坑儒burn books and bury Confucian scholars alive38 罢黜百家，独尊儒术burn books and bury Confucian scholars alive39 儒，道，释Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism40 亚里士多德 苏格拉底（Socrates）、柏拉图(Plato)、亚里士多德(Aristotle)41 笛卡尔Ren DesCartes勒奈笛卡尔(Ren DesCartes)是法国17世纪著名哲学家和数学家，现代理性主义的创始人，法国启蒙运动的先驱者之一。42 温故而知新gain new insights through reviewing old material 子曰：“温故而知新，可以为师矣。” The master said, If a man keeps cherishing his old knowledge, so as continually to be acquiring the new, he may be a teacher of others.”43 半封闭semi-enclosed44 闭关锁国seclusion45 古希腊城邦制Ancient Greek city-state system46 内圣外王the internal sage and external king47 内省introspection; self-examination48 静思悟忍quiet, consideration, enlightenment, endurance大上海，曾几何时，处处是典雅别墅，壮观写字楼。近些年来，高楼天桥，纵横矗立，鳞次栉比。十年间，几十座摩天大楼拔地而起，熠熠生辉。高楼之下，一线天际，拥挤局促；蜿蜒窄巷，束缚难行；公园空地，窒息压抑。新建天桥，车辆拥堵，缓慢行进。Once a city of elegant villas and imposing office buildings, Shanghai is currently ripping itself to ribbons. In a decade scores of gleaming new skyscrapers have shot up to crowd and jostle the skyline, cramp the narrow winding streets, and choke the parks and open spaces with their sheer soaring presence. Traffic crawl, even on the new multilane overpasses.有人说过， 路本没有，走的人多了，变成了一条路。Some say that there is at first no road at all and that a road is created simply by the treading of passers by .1早知今日，何必当初？If I had known it would come to this, I would have acteddifferently.2我们完全有信心，有能力最终接近台湾问题。We have the determination and ability to solve the issue on Taiwan.3天气寒冷，河水都结冰了。It was so cold that the river froze.4江山易改，本性难移。It is easy to change rivers and mountains but hard to change a persons nature5为美好的往昔而遗憾，为逝去的朋友而哀伤，是没有用的It does not do to live in memories, in regrets for the good old days，or in sadness about friends who are dead.(from How to Grow Old-Russel)。1)It had been a fine, golden autumn, a lovely farewell to those who would lose their youth, and some of them their lives, before the leaves turned again in a peacetime fall.2) This was an intelligently organized and fervent meeting in a packed Town Hall, with Mr. Strong in the chair.3) The present onslaught of vehicles poses a serious threat to urban life and pedestrian peace of mind.1)那是个天气晴朗，金黄可爱的秋天，美好的秋色为那些青年们送别。待到战后和平时期，黄叶纷飞的秋天再度来临时，当日的青年已经失去了青春，有的丧失了生命。2）这是一次精心组织起来的会议，市政厅里济济一堂，热情洋溢，主持会议的是斯特朗先生。3）当前，车辆横冲直撞，严重地威胁着城市的生活，路上行人无不提心吊胆。Some fishing boats were becalmed just in front of us. Their shadows slept, or almost slept, upon the water, a gentle quivering alone showing that it was not complete sleep, or if sleep, that it was sleep with dreams.眼前不远，渔舟三五，凝滞不前，墙影斜映在水面上，仿佛睡去，偶尔微见颤动，似又未尝熟睡，恍若惊梦。他记得破夹袄还在，便披在身上，躺到了，待张开眼睛，原来太阳又已经照在西墙上头了。（阿Q正传）Remembering that he still had a ragged lined jacket, he put it on and lay down, and when he opened his eyes again the sun was already shining on the top of the west wall.有人说：有些胜利者，愿意敌人如虎，如鹰，他才感得胜利的欢喜；假使如羊，如小鸡，他便反觉得胜利的无聊。（阿Q正传）There are said to be some victors who take no pleasure in a victory unless their opponents are as fierce as tigers or eagles; if their adversaries are as timid as sheep or chickens they find their triumph empty.村外多是水田，满眼是新秧的嫩绿，夹着几个圆形的活动的黑点，便是耕田的农夫。（阿Q正传）Most of the country outside the village are paddy fields, green as far as the eye could see with the tender shoots of young rice, dotted here and there with round, black, moving objects, which were peasants cultivating the fields.我先是住在监狱旁边一个客店里的，初冬已经颇冷，蚊子却还多，后来用被盖了全身，用衣服包了头脸，只留两个鼻孔出气。（藤野先生）At first I stayed in an inn next to the gaol, where although the early winter was already quite cold, there were still a good many mosquitoes, so I learned to cover myself completely with the quilt and wrap my clothes round my head, leaving only two nostrils exposed through which to breathe.其实进来的是一个黑瘦的先生，八字须，戴着眼镜，挟着一迭大大小小的书。（藤野先生）There entered a dark, lean instructor with a moustache, who was wearing glasses and carrying under his arms a pile of books, large and small.每当夜间疲倦，正想偷懒时，仰面在灯光中瞥见他黑瘦的面貌，似乎正要说出抑扬顿挫的话来，便使我又良心发现，而且增加了勇气（藤野先生）At night if I am tired and want to take it easy, when I look up and see his thin, dark face in the lamplight, as if about to speak in measured tones, my better nature asserted itself and my courage returns.他是一个高而瘦的先生，须发都花白了，还戴着大眼镜。（从百草园到三味书屋）A thin , tall old man with a grizzled beard, he wore large spectacles.他有一条戒尺，但是不常用，也有罚跪的规则，但也不常用，普通总不过瞪几眼，大声道：-“读书！”（从百草园到三味书屋）He had a ferule which he seldom used, and a method of punishing students by making them kneel which again he seldom used. In general, he simply glared round for a while and shouted: “Get on with your reading.”1）人不犯我，我不犯人。2）打肿脸充胖子，吃亏是自己。We will not attack unless we are attacked.If you get beyond your depth, you will suffer.1）他不来，我不去。2）种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆。3）聪明一世，糊涂一时。4）不吃苦中苦，哪知甜中甜？If he wont come here, Ill not go there.As you sow, so you will reap.Smart as a rule, but this time a fool.If you have never tasted the bitterness of gall, how can you know the sweetness of honey?1）有饭大家吃。2）不到黄河心不死。3）问遍千家成行家。Let everyone share the food if there is any.Until all is over, ambition never dies.Learn from numerous advisers, and you will become a master.1）不进则退2）酒醉智昏3）玩火自焚1）He who does not advance fall backward./ Move forward, or you will fall behind.2)When wine is in, wit is out.3)Whoever plays with fire will perish by fire.一叶知秋。随遇而安。明枪易躲，暗箭难防。今日事，今日毕。A straw shows which way the windBeing on sea, sail; being on land, settle.Better an open enemy than a false friend.Dont put off till tomorrow what should be done today.1）“日出而作，日落而息。凿井而饮，耕田而食。帝力何有于我哉？”3）“智者乐水，仁者乐山；智者动，仁者静；智者乐，仁者寿。”1）“Rise with the sun to work, retire with the sun to rest. Farm the land for food, sink a well for water. What has heaven got for me ?”3) “The knowledgeable love waters, the benevolent love mountains; the former are active, the latter are tranquil; the former enjoy a happy life, the latter enjoy a long life.”The world id China, China is the world.Eg “溥天之下，莫非王土；率土之滨，莫非王臣。”诗经“一方水土养一方人。”A land nurtures a nation。中国人的气质上海三联书店1，面子 2，节俭3，勤劳 4，礼节5，漠视时间 6，漠视精确7，误解的才能 8，拐弯抹角9，灵活的固执 10，智力混沌11，精神麻木 12，轻视外国人13，缺乏公共精神 14，保守15，漠视舒适和便利 16，生命力17，忍耐和坚韧 18，知足常乐19，孝顺 20，仁慈21，缺乏同情心 22，社会台风23，相互负责和遵纪守法 24，相互猜疑25，缺乏诚信 26，多神论，泛神论，无神论Chinese characteristics:1, face 2, economy3,industry 4, politeness5,the disregard of time 6, the disregard of accuracy7,the talent for misunderstanding 8, the talent for indirection9,flexible inflexibility 10,intellectual turbidity11,the absence of nerves 12,contempt for foreigner13,the absence of public spirit 14,Conservatism15,indifference for comfort and convenience16,physical vitality 17,patience and perseverance18, content and cheerfulness 19,filial piety20,benevolence 21,the absence of symp